口腔医学研究

口腔医学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 21-25.DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.01.005

• 口腔黏膜病学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

维生素B12缺乏症相关的口腔临床特点分析

邓冠红*, 陈学升, 陈瑞斌   

  1. 厦门医学院附属口腔医院黏膜科 福建 厦门 361003
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-05 出版日期:2025-01-28 发布日期:2025-01-24
  • 通讯作者: * 邓冠红,E-mail:582843252@qq.com
  • 作者简介:邓冠红(1980~ ),女,福建龙岩人,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:口腔黏膜病学。

Analysis of Oral Clinical Features Related to Vitamin B12 Deficiency.

DENG Guanhong*, CHEN Xuesheng, CHEN Ruibin   

  1. Department of Oral Mucosa, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China
  • Received:2024-06-05 Online:2025-01-28 Published:2025-01-24

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摘要： 目的:分析维生素B12缺乏相关的口腔临床特点及血液学特点,以便早期诊断及治疗。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月~2023年11月16例维生素B12缺乏患者的口腔症状、临床体征、既往病史,并分析血常规、血清维生素B12和叶酸水平等辅助检查结果。结果:维生素B12缺乏患者多以口腔刺激痛、烧灼感及口腔溃疡为主诉。临床检查多以口腔黏膜充血红斑、多发性小溃疡为主要表现。有胃切除史患者更容易患贫血,没有胃切除史患者维生素B12缺乏早于血液学检查的变化。结论:特殊人群患者如果出现多发性复发性口腔溃疡、萎缩性舌炎、黏膜充血红斑等病损时,应警惕维生素B12缺乏的可能性,应建议进一步检查血清维生素B12水平,以便该疾病的早发现、早诊断、早治疗。

关键词: 维生素B12缺乏, 口腔临床表现, 血清学检测

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the oral clinical and hematological features related to vitamin B12 deficiency for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The main symptoms, clinical signs, past medical history, blood routine, and serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels of 16 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency from January 2021 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The main complaints of vitamin B12 deficiency patients were oral irritation pain, burning sensation, and oral ulcer. Clinical examination mainly showed erythema of oral mucosa and multiple small oral ulcers. Patients with a history of gastrectomy were more likely to develop anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients without a history of gastrectomy predated changes in hematology. Conclusion: Patients with special populations should be alert to the possibility of vitamin B12 deficiency if they have multiple recurrent oral ulcers, atrophic glossitis, mucous congestion erythema, and other lesions. It is recommended to further check the serum vitamin B12 level for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.

Key words: vitamin B12 deficiency, oral clinical manifestations, serological test