296例埋伏多生牙的回顾性分析

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 分析埋伏多生牙的临床特征及其手术治疗方式,为其临床诊治提供参考。方法: 选取2023年1月至2024年1月在我院口腔颌面外科住院治疗的296例埋伏多生牙患者,对其性别、年龄、多生牙数量、位置、形态、临床表现、并发症及上颌前牙区的手术方式进行回顾性分析。结果: 296例患者中共有500颗多生牙,6~12岁发病率最高;男女比例为2.33∶1,且随多生牙数量增多男女比例增大;数量以单颗牙最多(52.03%),双颗牙次之(38.51%),3颗及以上少见(9.46%);位置以上颌前牙区最多见(79.40%),其次为前磨牙区(13.40%)和磨牙区(7.20%);临床并发症以恒牙延迟萌出、恒牙阻生最多见,少数病例可伴发颌骨囊肿;上颌前牙区手术切口选择唇侧入路占23%,其中牙龈切口占83.3%,前庭沟切口占16.7%;采用腭侧入路占77%,其中牙龈切口占93.6%,局部小切口占6.4%;手术时间为15~150 min不等,平均手术时间约为25 min。多生牙在黏膜下或相邻恒牙冠方者手术平均时间为(9.34±2.21) min,骨埋伏深或位于相邻恒牙根方的平均手术时间为(35.43±4.65) min。结论: 本组埋伏多生牙的临床表现有一定特点,且随着多生牙数量增多,男女比例呈增加趋势,多生牙的位置及数量可能影响手术难度。

关键词: 多生牙, 锥形束CT, 临床特征, 回顾性分析

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment methods of impacted supernumerary teeth. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 296 patients with impacted supernumerary teeth who were hospitalized in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024, including their gender, age, number and location of supernumerary teeth, clinical manifestations, complications, and surgical methods on embedded teeth in maxillary anterior segment. Results: A total of 500 supernumerary teeth were found in 296 patients, with the highest incidence rate at the age of 6-12 years. The male to female ratio was 2.33∶1, and it increased with the number of supernumerary teeth. The highest number was single teeth (52.03%), followed by double teeth (38.51%), and rare occurrences of three or more teeth (9.46%). The most common location was in the maxillary anterior region (79.40%), followed by the premolar region (13.40%) and the molar region (7.20%). The most common clinical complications were delayed eruption and impaction of permanent teeth, and in a few cases, jaw cysts may also occur. The selection of labial approach for surgical incision accounted on embedded teeth in maxillary anterior segment for 23%, with gingival incision accounting for 83.3% and vestibular groove incision accounting for 16.7%. The palatal approach accounted for 77%, with gingival incision accounting for 93.6% and local small incision accounting for 6.4%. The surgical time ranged from 15 to 150 minutes, with an average of about 25 minutes. The average surgical duration for embedded supernumerary teeth located under the mucosa or adjacent to the crown of permanent teeth was (9.34±2.21) minutes, while for those deeply embedded in the bone or positioned adjacent to the root of permanent teeth, the average duration was (35.43±4.65) minutes. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of embedded supernumerary teeth in this study exhibit distinct characteristics: the male-to-female ratio tends to increase with the number of supernumerary teeth involved. The location and number of supernumerary teeth may impact the surgical complexity.

Key words: supernumerary teeth, cone beam CT, clinical features, retrospective analysis

张紫玥, 黄国倩, 李敏, 杨世茂. 296例埋伏多生牙的回顾性分析[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2025, 41(3): 220-225.

ZHANG Ziyue, HUANG Guoqian, LI Min, YANG Shimao. Retrospective Analysis of 296 Cases of Impacted Supernumerary Teeth[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2025, 41(3): 220-225.

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