466例儿童附加牙的回顾性分析

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 应用全口牙位曲面体层片技术研究附加牙的特点及其发生情况、临床特征及治疗现状。方法: 收集2014年1~12月我院影像数据库中3~18岁儿童的全口牙位曲面体层片,共纳入144 274张,观察记录附加牙的发生情况,同时记录其临床特征及治疗选择。应用SPSS 24.0统计软件分析所得的数据。结果: 本研究组附加牙的发生率为3.23‰(466/144 274),其中男302例,女164例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。好发阶段混合牙列期(68.88%)>恒牙列期(20.82%)>乳牙列期(10.30%)。好发牙位是上颌侧切牙(61.11%)>下颌中切牙(11.31%)>上颌中切牙(9.13%)>下颌侧切牙(8.93%)。附加牙1颗者429例,占92.06%,2颗者36例,占7.73%,3颗者1例,占0.21%,未见4颗及以上病例。24颗附加牙和临近恒牙融合,占4.76%。出现牙齿扭转、牙列拥挤、中线不齐、邻牙萌出障碍等异常者454例,占97.42%。附加牙发生于右侧者270颗,左侧者234颗,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者发生下颌附加牙者128颗,上颌者376颗,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。患者发生单侧附加牙者430例,双侧者36例,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。附加牙还伴发有乳牙附加牙,其他部位多生牙,先天缺牙以及融合牙。本组附加牙中有84例被拔除,占18.03%,余335例附加牙尚未拔除。结论: 本研究组附加牙发生率为3.23‰,男性多于女性;混合牙列期最为常见;左右侧都有,上颌多于下颌,单侧多于双侧,多为1颗且以上颌单侧居多;常伴多种牙齿发育异常;治疗方式多样,多数附加牙尚未拔除。临床医生应重视并密切观察牙列是否存在异常,早期发现预防附加牙产生的危害。

关键词: 附加牙, 临床特征, 治疗, 牙齿发育异常

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the characteristics, incidence, clinical features, and treatment status of supplemental teeth using panoramic radiography. Methods: A total of 144,274 panoramic radiographs of children aged 3-18 years were collected from the imaging database of our hospital between January 2014 and December 2024. The occurrence of supplemental teeth was observed and recorded, along with their clinical characteristics and treatment options. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 statistical software. Results: The incidence of supplemental teeth in this study group was 3.23‰ (466/144,274), with 302 cases in males and 164 cases in females (P<0.001). The most common stages of occurrence were mixed dentition (68.88%) > permanent dentition (20.82%) > primary dentition (10.30%). The most frequent tooth positions were maxillary lateral incisors (61.11%) > mandibular central incisors (11.31%) > maxillary central incisors (9.13%) > mandibular lateral incisors (8.93%). Among the cases, 429 individuals (92.06%) had one supplemental tooth, 36 (7.73%) had two, and 1 case (0.21%) had three. No cases with four or more supplemental teeth were observed. Fusion with adjacent permanent teeth was observed in 24 supplemental teeth (4.76%). Dental abnormalities such as tooth rotation, crowding, midline deviation, and adjacent tooth eruption disturbances were present in 454 cases (97.42%). Supplemental teeth occurred on the right side in 270 cases and on the left side in 234 cases (P>0.05). The maxilla was more frequently affected (376 teeth) than the mandible (128 teeth) (P<0.001). Unilateral occurrence (430 cases) was significantly more common than bilateral (36 cases) (P<0.001). Associated conditions included primary supplemental teeth, additional hyperdontia, congenital missing teeth, and fused teeth. In this study group, 84 supplemental teeth were extracted, accounting for 18.03%, while the remaining 335 supplemental teeth have not been removed. Conclusion: The incidence of supplemental teeth was 3.23‰, with a higher prevalence in males. The mixed dentition stage was the most commonly affected. Supplemental teeth occurred bilaterally but were more frequent in the maxilla than the mandible and more often unilateral than bilateral, with single maxillary unilateral cases being predominant. They were frequently associated with various dental developmental abnormalities. Treatment approaches varied, with most supplemental teeth remaining unextracted. Clinicians should pay close attention to dental abnormalities and conduct regular follow-ups to detect and prevent potential complications caused by supplemental teeth at an early stage.

Key words: supplemental teeth, clinical characteristics, treatment, dental developmental abnormalities

过建良, 邱芬芳, 孟姗, 瞿姣姣, 熊正慧. 466例儿童附加牙的回顾性分析[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2025, 41(11): 977-981.

GUO Jianliang, QIU Fenfang, MENG Shan, QU Jiaojiao, XIONG Zhenghui. Retrospective Analysis of 466 Cases of Supplemental Teeth in Children[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2025, 41(11): 977-981.

参考文献

[1] 葛立宏.儿童口腔医学[M].第5版.北京: 人民卫生出版社,2020: 56-79.
[2] Shen Z, Wei J, Zhang J, et al. The prevalence of dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth and odontoma in a Chinese paediatric population: an epidemiological study[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2025, 25(1): 458.
[3] Xie Y, Gao H, Xing L, et al. Late developing supernumerary teeth and congenital absence of the upper right lateral incisor in the maxillary anterior region: a rare case report[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2025, 25(1): 420.
[4] Anthonappa RP, Sudhakar S, King NM. Bilateral supplemental maxillary central incisors with double-tooth like appearance[J]. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2017, 18(2): 123-126.
[5] Lubinsky M, Kantaputra PN. Syndromes with supernumerary teeth[J]. Am J Med Genet A, 2016, 170(10):2611-2616.
[6] Anthonappa RP, King NM, Rabie ABM. Aetiology of supernumerary teeth: a literature review[J]. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2013, 14(5): 279-88.
[7] Lu H, Shi F, Wang B, et al. Molecular biological comparison of pulp stem cells from supernumerary teeth, permanent teeth, and deciduous teeth for endodontic regeneration[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2025, 26(5): 1933.
[8] Henninger E, Friedli L, Makrygiannakis MA, et al. Supernumerary tooth patterns in non-syndromic white european subjects[J]. Dent J (Basel), 2023, 11(10): 230.
[9] Chen J, Sun T, Lin B, et al. The essential role of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in odontogenesis[J]. J Dent Res, 2024, 103 (4): 345-358.
[10] McBeain, Miloro M. Characteristics of supernumerary teeth in nonsyndromic population in an urban dental school setting[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2018,76(5):933-938.
[11] Mallineni SK, Aldhuwayhi S, Deeban Y, et al. Prevalence, occurrence, and characteristics of supernumerary teeth among the saudi arabian population using panoramic radiographs[J]. Diagnostics (Basel), 2024, 14(22): 2542.
[12] Henninger E, Friedli L, Makrygiannakis MA, et al. Supernumerary tooth patterns in non-syndromic white european subjects[J]. Dent J (Basel), 2023, 11(10): 230.
[13] Şen Yavuz B, Sezgin BI, Pekel B, et al. Management options and long-term follow-ups for permanent double incisors: six to eleven-year case reports[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2024, 24(1): 225.
[14] Damanhouri W, Moussa K, Bathallath J, et al. Management of a pediatric patient with dental anomalies and its effect on psychosocial status: A case report[J]. Front Dent Med, 2025, 5: 1502195.
[15] Manor Y, Safadi H, Shpack N, et al. Integrative approach for supernumerary teeth: a single-center retrospective analysis[J]. Quintessence Int, 2024, 55(8): 640-650.
[16] Wang X, Xu T, Zhu Y, et al. Fahr's syndrome with pseudohypoparathyroidism: oral features and genetic insights[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(21): 11611.
[17] Lu Y, Wang J, Li L, et al. Three-dimensional evaluation of dental characteristics in patients with Cleidocranial dysplasia[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2024, 24(1): 572.