唾液微生物作为生物标志物在低龄儿童龋风险预测模型中的研究进展

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 龋病是一种常见于牙体硬组织的慢性感染性疾病,是全球儿童最常见的健康问题之一。龋病的治疗对儿童来说是一个痛苦且艰难的过程,给家庭和社会均带来了沉重负担。因此,预防低龄儿童龋(early childhood caries, ECC)尤为重要。现代龋病防治的核心在于对危险因素的管理,而口腔微生物在龋病的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。许多龋病风险评估工具已将口腔微生物纳入危险因素进行评估。对于儿童而言,唾液样本因其无创、易于采集和处理的特点,可成为理想的检测介质。以唾液微生物作为龋病风险评估的生物标志物,不仅能提高评估的便利性,也能为早期干预提供可能。本文综述了唾液微生物与ECC的关联性及其作为ECC风险评估功能性生物标志物的潜力,并就其在ECC风险预测模型中的最新进展进行了讨论,为构建更完善的ECC风险预测模型提供理论依据。

关键词: 唾液微生物, 低龄儿童龋, 龋风险评估工具, 龋风险预测模型, 机器学习

Abstract: Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that predominantly affects the hard tissues of the teeth and represents one of the most prevalent global health problems in children. The process of dental caries treatment is often painful and challenging for children, imposing a significant burden on both families and society. Therefore, the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) is particularly important. Modern caries prevention and control focus on managing caries risk factors, with oral microbiota playing a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. Many caries risk assessment tools now consider oral microbiota as a key risk factor. For children, saliva samples serve as an ideal testing medium due to their non-invasive and easy-to-handle nature. Using salivary microorganisms as biomarkers in caries risk assessment not only improves the convenience of evaluation but also offers valuable evidence to support early intervention efforts. This article reviews the cariogenic role of salivary microorganisms and their potential as functional biomarkers for ECC risk assessment, discusses the latest progress in their application within ECC risk prediction models, and provides a theoretical foundation for constructing a more comprehensive ECC risk prediction model.

Key words: salivary microorganisms, early childhood caries, caries risk assessment tool, caries risk prediction model, machine learning

毛婧, 胡涛. 唾液微生物作为生物标志物在低龄儿童龋风险预测模型中的研究进展[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2026, 42(1): 1-7.

MAO Jing, HU Tao. Advances in Salivary Microbes as Biomarkers in Early Childhood Caries Risk Prediction Models[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2026, 42(1): 1-7.

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