儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的颅面代偿机制与正畸治疗策略

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)是一种以睡眠期间上气道反复塌陷为特征的疾病,其发病机制与腺样体、扁桃体肥大及其引发的颅面代偿性改变密切相关。腺样体扁桃体切除术(adenotonsillectomy,AT)作为一线治疗虽可解除软组织阻塞,但对已形成的颅面代偿性改变缺乏矫正作用,需进行正畸干预。本文旨在阐述OSA儿童颅面代偿的发生机制,介绍正畸治疗在其中的关键作用,以优化OSA儿童的综合诊疗策略,推动多学科诊疗策略的优化。

关键词: 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停, 儿童, 错??畸形, 正畸治疗, 口呼吸, 颅面代偿

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep. Its pathogenesis is closely associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and the resultant craniofacial compensatory changes. While adenotonsillectomy (AT), as the first-line treatment, can resolve soft tissue obstruction, it fails to correct established craniofacial adaptations, necessitating orthodontic intervention. This review elucidates the mechanisms of craniofacial compensation in children with OSA and emphasizes the critical role of orthodontic treatment in addressing these changes. We further aim to optimize comprehensive treatment strategies and advance multidisciplinary collaboration for children with OSA.

Key words: obstructive sleep apnea, children, malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, mouth breathing, craniofacial compensation

吴子怡, 冯剑颖. 儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的颅面代偿机制与正畸治疗策略[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2026, 42(6): 472-477.

WU Ziyi, FENG Jianying. Craniofacial Compensation in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Mechanisms and Orthodontic Treatment Strategies[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2026, 42(6): 472-477.

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