口腔医学研究

口腔医学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 794-798.DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.09.011

• 口腔颌面外科学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

下颌第三磨牙相关牙源性颌骨囊肿31例回顾性临床分析

王梓璇1,2, 任雯1, 杨政尧1, 刘晶晶1, 胡雅竹1, 向国林1,2*   

  1. 1.武汉市第四医院口腔科 湖北 武汉 430033;
    2.湖北医药学院武汉市第四医院研究生培养基地 湖北 武汉 430033
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-12 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-09-22
  • 通讯作者: * 向国林,E-mail:xiang_guolin@163.com
  • 作者简介:王梓璇(1999~ ),女,武汉人,硕士在读,研究方向:口腔颌面外科。
  • 基金资助:
    武汉市卫健委科研项目(编号:WX23A08)

Retrospective Clinical Analysis of 31 Cases of Odontogenic Cysts Associated with Mandibular Third Molars

WANG Zixuan1,2, REN Wen1, YANG Zhengyao1, LIU Jingjing1, HU Yazhu1, XIANG Guolin1,2*   

  1. 1. Department of Stomatology, Wuhan No.4 Hospital, Wuhan 430033, China;
    2. Graduate Training Base of Wuhan No.4 Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Wuhan 430033, China
  • Received:2026-02-12 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-09-22

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摘要： 目的:探讨下颌第三磨牙相关牙源性颌骨囊肿的临床特征及诊疗策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月~2024年12月于武汉市第四医院治疗的31例下颌第三磨牙相关牙源性颌骨囊肿患者临床资料。结果:患者平均年龄42.7岁,16例(51.6%)伴肿痛,2例(6.5%)伴下唇麻木。阻生类型以低位(65.6%)、倒置(40.6%)及水平阻生(34.4%)为主,50%伴下颌管壁破坏,其中含牙囊肿25例(78.1%)、炎症性根侧囊肿5例(15.6%)、增生性牙囊2例(6.3%)。经囊肿刮治或开窗减压术治疗后,随访6个月至5年无复发。结论:低位、倒置及水平阻生智齿是囊肿形成的高危因素,建议青少年期预防性拔除。病理分类上以含牙囊肿多见,囊肿常侵犯下颌管,但造成的神经损伤多为可逆性,以囊肿刮治为主的综合治疗预后良好。

关键词: 下颌第三磨牙, 牙源性颌骨囊肿

Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical features and treatment strategies of odontogenic cysts associated with mandibular third molars. Methods: The data of 31 patients diagnozed as odontogenic cysts associated with mandibular third molars treated in the Wuhan No. 4 Hospital from January 2018 to December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.7 years. Sixteen patients (51.6%) presented with pain and swelling, while 2 (6.5%) exhibited lower lip paresthesia. The impacted teeth were predominantly in low (65.6%), inverted (40.6%), or horizontal (34.4%) positions. Destruction of the mandibular canal wall was observed in 50% of cases. Pathologically, dentigerous cysts were the most prevalent, accounting for 78.1% (25 cases), followed by inflammatory lateral root cysts (15.6%, 5 cases) and hyperplastic odontotheca (6.3%, 2 cases). Therapeutic method included cyst scaling and decompression. No recurrence was observed during follow-up period of 6 months to 5 years. Conclusion: Low, inverted, and horizontal impacted mandibular third molars are high-risk factors for cyst formation, supporting the rationale for preventive extraction in adolescence. Among these lesions, dentigerous cysts are the most commonly observed pathological type. Although these cysts frequently compromise the mandibular canal, the associated inferior alveolar nerve injury is typically reversible compression. Surgical management, primarily scaling, yields a favorable prognosis.

Key words: mandibular third molar, odontogenic cysts