口腔医学研究

口腔医学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 767-772.DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.09.006

• 龋病牙髓病学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

恒牙深龋微生物菌群特征的宏基因组研究

卢冠凡1, 杨加震2, 桑志芹3, 杨玉娥2, 孙德刚1, 滕飞1*   

  1. 1.青岛大学附属青岛市口腔医院牙体牙髓科 山东 青岛 260000;
    2.青岛大学附属青岛市口腔医院儿童口腔科 山东 青岛 260000;
    3.中国海洋大学校医院 山东 青岛 260000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-09-24
  • 通讯作者: * 滕飞,E-mail:tengfey@outlook.com
  • 作者简介:卢冠凡(1981~ ),女,湖北随州人,博士,副主任医师,主要从事牙体牙髓病学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    青岛市医药卫生项目(项目号:2023-WJZD149);青岛市医疗卫生重点学科(项目号:2025-2027);山东省医药卫生口腔内科学重点学科(项目号:2025-2027);山东省自然基金(项目号:ZR2024MH235);山东省泰山学者-青年项目(项目号:tsqn201909126)

Metagenomic Study on Microbial Communities in Deep Caries of Permanent Teeth

LU Guanfan1, YANG Jiazhen2, SANG Zhiqin3, YANG Yu'e2, SUN Degang1, TENG Fei1*   

  1. 1. Department of Endodontics, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 260000, China;
    2. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 260000, China;
    3. The University Hospital of Ocean University of China, Qingdao 260000, China
  • Received:2025-05-30 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-09-24

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摘要： 目的: 基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术研究恒磨牙深龋洞内牙釉质层与牙本质深层微生物群落的空间分布特征,分析其变化特点与龋部位的关联。方法: 纳入16名成人恒磨牙深龋患者,分别采集患牙深龋釉质层样本(enamel layer, EL, n=16)、牙本质深层样本(deep layer, DL, n=16),并以对侧同名无龋牙釉质表面菌斑作为健康对照组(healthy layer, HL, n=16),共获取48份样本。提取样本DNA后,经聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增,进行16S rRNA高通量测序。对3组样本的微生物多样性、群落结构、物种组成及预测的功能通路进行差异分析。结果: 与健康对照组HL相比,EL和DL微生物多样性显著降低且DL显著低于HL(P＜0.05);3组间菌群结构存在显著差异且DL群落结构最为相似和保守(P＜0.05);鉴别出在HL组高表达的健康相关微生物(P<0.05)及在牙釉质和牙本质富集的可疑致龋微生物(P<0.05);与HL相比,EL富集糖的生物合成和代谢基因(P＜0.05),DL富集碳水化合物代谢和脂类代谢相关基因(P＜0.05)。结论: 这些结果强调了深龋微生物群落呈现明显的组织分层特征,提示了龋齿机制研究应聚焦于单牙位特定组织微环境,为龋病的微生物病因学机制提供新的研究思路。

关键词: 深龋, 牙菌斑微生物, 宏基因组学

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the spacial distribution characteristics of microbial communities in the enamel and deep dentin layer of deep carious lesions in permanent molars based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and to analyze the correlation between microbial community variations and the deep caries. Methods: Sixteen adult patients with deep carious lesions in permanent molars were enrolled. Samples were collected from three distinct sites: the enamel layer of the deep carious lesions (EL, n=16), the deep dentin layer (DL, n=16), and the plaque from sound enamel surfaces of contralateral caries-free homologous teeth as healthy layer controls (HL, n=16), yielding a total of 48 samples. Following DNA extraction and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed. Then comparative analyses of microbial diversity, community structure, microbial composition, and predicted functional pathways among three groups were conducted. Results: Compared to the HL group, microbial diversity was significantly lower in both EL and DL groups, with the DL group showing the most pronounced reduction (P<0.05). Significant differences in microbial community structure were observed among three groups, with DL the highest degree of similarity and conservation (P<0.05). The analysis identified several health-associated bacteria that were highly expressed in the HL group (P<0.05), along with putative cariogenic bacteria that were specifically enriched in either the EL or DL groups (P<0.05). The EL group showed significant enrichment in genes related to sugar biosynthesis and metabolism (P<0.05), while the DL group exhibited enrichment in genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism (P<0.05) when compared to the HL group. Conclusion: These findings highlight the tissue-dependent stratification patterns of microbial communities in deep caries, suggesting that future research on caries pathogenesis should focus on the specific microenvironment of specific dental tissues within individual teeth. The study provides novel insights into the microbial etiology of dental caries.

Key words: deep caries, dental plaque microbiota, metagenomics