口腔医学研究

口腔医学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 970-976.DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.11.008

• 儿童口腔医学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童上颌前牙区多生牙CBCT影像学特征及其对邻近恒牙的影响

王文茹, 赵霞*, 张倩*, 凌晶, 孙莎莎   

  1. 青岛大学附属青岛市口腔医院儿童口腔科 山东 青岛 266001
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-11-25
  • 通讯作者: *赵霞:E-mail: Zhaoxia878@sina.cn; 张倩: E-mail: qianzhang2023@163.com
  • 作者简介:王文茹(1994~ ),女,山东聊城人,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:儿童口腔医学。
  • 基金资助:
    青岛市医疗卫生重点学科建设项目(编号:2025-2027)青岛市口腔疾病临床医学研究中心(编号:22-3-7-lczx-7-nsh)山东省医药卫生口腔内科学重点学科(青岛大学附属青岛市口腔医院)(编号:2025-2027)

CBCT Imaging Characteristics of Supernumerary Teeth in Maxillary Anterior Region of Children and Their Impact on Adjacent Permanent Teeth

WANG Wenru, ZHAO Xia*, ZHANG Qian*, LING Jing, SUN Shasha   

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
  • Received:2025-03-21 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-11-25

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摘要： 目的: 回顾性分析上颌前牙区多生牙的锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)影像学特征及其对邻近恒牙的影响,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法: 回顾性收集儿童上颌前牙区多生牙的CBCT影像资料,利用SPSS 24.0统计软件分析患儿的性别、年龄,多生牙的数量、位置、方向、形态及萌出状态,并评估其对邻近恒牙的影响。结果: 本研究共纳入377例患儿,男女比例为3.5∶1,平均年龄为(6.69±1.35)岁。结果显示:(1)多生牙数量以1颗(65.3%)和2颗(32.6%)为主,性别间多生牙数量分布无统计学差异(P>0.05)。(2)未萌牙占多数(83.8%),主要分布在中线区(41.4%)和中切牙区(53.5%),且多位于牙弓腭侧(76.3%)。(3)倒置生长(45.6%)和圆锥形(73.2%)形态最为常见。(4)多生牙对邻近恒牙的影响主要包括间隙(31.9%)、迟萌(7.5%)、移位(5.5%)和扭转(9.5%)。中线区、牙弓内和横向生长的多生牙更易导致恒牙间隙(P<0.05),牙齿迟萌在补充形、结节形和牙瘤中更为常见(P<0.05),造成恒牙扭转的多生牙多位于牙弓内或唇侧、水平向或横向生长(P<0.05)。结论: CBCT技术能够精确分析多生牙的影像学特征,对多生牙的诊断和定位具有重要的临床指导意义。

关键词: 上颌前牙区, 多生牙, 锥形束CT

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the CBCT imaging characteristics of supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region and their effects on adjacent permanent teeth. Methods: CBCT imaging data of supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region of children were retrospectively collected. SPSS 24.0 statistical software was used to analyze the gender, age, number, location, direction, shape, and eruption status of the supernumerary teeth, as well as to evaluate their effects on adjacent permanent teeth. Results: A total of 377 children were included in this study. The male-to-female ratio was 3.5∶1, with an average age of (6.69±1.35) years. The analysis revealed the following findings: (1)The number of supernumerary teeth was mainly 1 (65.3%) and 2 (32.6%),with no statistically significant difference in their distribution between genders (P>0.05). (2) Unerupted supernumerary teeth were predominant (83.8%), mainly located in the midline area (41.4%) and the central incisor area (53.5%), with most being situated on the palatal side of the dental arch (76.3%). (3) The inverted growth (45.6%) and conical (73.2%) forms were the most common.(4) The primary effects of supernumerary teeth on adjacent permanent teeth included diastema (31.9%), delayed eruption (7.5%), displacement (5.5%), and rotation (9.5%). Supernumerary teeth in the midline area, within the dental arch, and growing laterally were more prone to causing diastema in permanent teeth (P<0.05). Delayed eruption of permanent teeth was more frequently observed with supplementary, nodular, and odontoma types of supernumerary teeth (P<0.05). Supernumerary teeth causing rotation of permanent teeth were predominantly located within the dental arch or on the labial side, and grew horizontally or laterally (P<0.05). Conclusion: CBCT technology enables precise analysis of the imaging features of supernumerary teeth, offering significant clinical guidance for the diagnosis and localization of these teeth.

Key words: maxillary anterior region, supernumerary teeth, CBCT