口腔医学研究

口腔医学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1019-1024.DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.001

• 综述 •    下一篇

微小RNA在牙槽骨动态平衡成骨方面作用机制的研究进展

林彤1, 李文晋1,2*   

  1. 1.山西医科大学口腔医学院 山西 太原 030001;
    2.山西医科大学第二临床医学院 山西 太原 030001
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2025-12-23
  • 通讯作者: *李文晋,E-mail: lwj-662@163.com
  • 作者简介:林彤(2000~ ),女,天津人,医师,硕士在读,研究方向:口腔颌面部基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划自然科学研究面上项目(编号:202303021211214)山西省留学回国人员科技活动择优资助项目(编号:20240048)

Research Progress on Mechanisms of miRNA in Osteogenic Aspects of Alveolar Bone Homeostasis

LIN Tong1, LI Wenjin1,2*   

  1. 1. Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
    2. The Second Clinical Medical Department of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • Received:2025-02-05 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2025-12-23

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摘要： 牙槽骨的生长发育是持续的动态过程,主要通过成骨细胞和破骨细胞的共同作用维持骨形成与骨吸收之间的平衡。其中,成骨细胞通过合成和分泌骨基质并使其进一步矿化,在牙槽骨动态平衡中发挥核心作用。微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)是一类调节基因表达的内源性非编码RNA,近年来研究发现其通过靶向一系列与成骨过程相关的mRNA,调节成骨细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡,从而影响牙槽骨的形成与动态平衡。本文就miRNA在牙槽骨成骨及其相关生理及病理状态下的作用机制进行综述,进一步加深miRNA在牙槽骨动态平衡成骨作用机制的理解,并为miRNA成为牙槽骨相关疾病的潜在治疗靶点提供理论依据。

关键词: 微小RNA, 牙槽骨, 动态平衡, 成骨

Abstract: The growth and development of alveolar bone is a continuous and dynamic process, maintained by the coordinated activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to balance bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts play a central role in this process by synthesizing and secreting bone matrix, which subsequently undergoes mineralization to sustain the dynamic equilibrium of alveolar bone. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have recently been identified as key modulators of osteoblast activity. By targeting mRNAs involved in osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, miRNAs influence the formation and homeostasis of alveolar bone. This review explores the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate osteogenesis in alveolar bone, with a focus on their roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may provide valuable insights into the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for alveolar bone-related diseases.

Key words: microRNA, alveolar bone, homeostasis, osteogenesis