基于德尔菲法构建老年人口腔健康自测指数

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.011

口腔医学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 330-335.DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.011

基于德尔菲法构建老年人口腔健康自测指数

吴君怡¹, 台保军^1,2, 江汉^1,2, 张爽^1,2, 余凯^1,2, 杜民权^1,2, 刘畅^1,2*

1.口颌系统重建与再生全国重点实验室,口腔生物医学教育部重点实验室,口腔医学湖北省重点实验室,武汉大学口腔医(学)院湖北武汉 430079;
2.武汉大学口腔医院预防科湖北武汉 430079

收稿日期:2025-12-05 发布日期:2026-04-23
通讯作者: *刘畅,E-mail:liuc0728@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴君怡(2004~ ),女,湖北松滋人,本科在读,研究方向:老年人口腔健康。
基金资助:
中国牙病防治基金会项目(编号:ZS202501)；湖北省大学生创新创业项目(编号:S202510486504)

Development of Self-assessment Index for Oral Health in Elderly Based on Delphi Method

WU Junyi¹, TAI Baojun^1,2, JIANG Han^1,2, ZHANG Shuang^1,2, YU Kai^1,2, DU Minquan^1,2, LIU Chang^1,2*

1. State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
2. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatology Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2025-12-05 Published:2026-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:构建兼具文化适配性与临床实用性的中国老年人口腔健康自测指数,填补本土化评估工具空白。方法:通过系统文献回顾和小组讨论形成初始指标池;采用德尔菲法进行多轮专家咨询,16名预防医学与公共卫生专家参与,使用界值法筛选指标,层次分析法确定权重。结果:最终形成的自测指数包含5个一级指标、16个二级指标和28个三级指标。一级指标及权重:牙齿状况(32.6%)、牙周状况(28.9%)、口腔生理功能(15.6%)、口腔黏膜状况(12.6%)和口腔习惯(9.8%)。牙齿数量、牙龈状况和口腔异味是权重最高的二级指标。结论:本研究基于德尔菲专家共识,初步构建了适合中国老年人群口腔健康自测指数的初步框架,有望为社区筛查、医院预检及家庭自我评估提供参考,后续需通过进一步大样本研究验证其信效度,以助力老年人口腔健康问题的早期发现与干预。

关键词: 德尔菲法, 老年人, 口腔健康, 自测量表

Abstract: Objective: To develop a culturally adaptable and clinically practical oral health self-assessment index for Chinese elderly, thereby filling the gap in localized assessment tools. Methods: An initial indicator pool was generated through systematic literature review and panel discussions. Multiple rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method, involving 16 experts in preventive medicine and public health. Indicators were screened using the threshold method, and their weights were determined via the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Results: The finalized index comprises 5 primary indicators, 16 secondary indicators, and 28 tertiary indicators. The primary indicators (with weights) were: dental condition (32.6%), periodontal condition (28.9%), oral physiological function (15.6%), oral mucosal condition (12.6%), and oral habits (9.8%). The secondary indicators with the highest weights were number of teeth, gum condition, and oral odor. Conclusion: This index is scientific and practical, applicable to community screening, hospital pre-examination, and home self-testing. It facilitates the early identification of high-risk groups for oral frailty, provides a basis for intervention, and helps address the challenges of population aging.

Key words: Delphi method, aged, oral health, self-assessment scale

吴君怡, 台保军, 江汉, 张爽, 余凯, 杜民权, 刘畅. 基于德尔菲法构建老年人口腔健康自测指数[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2026, 42(4): 330-335.

WU Junyi, TAI Baojun, JIANG Han, ZHANG Shuang, YU Kai, DU Minquan, LIU Chang. Development of Self-assessment Index for Oral Health in Elderly Based on Delphi Method[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2026, 42(4): 330-335.

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基于德尔菲法构建老年人口腔健康自测指数

Development of Self-assessment Index for Oral Health in Elderly Based on Delphi Method

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