Abstract: Objective: To clarify the course of vascular neural network system in the mandibular anterior teeth. Methods: The data of 104 cases of CBCT were retrospectively studied. The relationship between mandibular median lingual canal, mandibular accessory canal, mandibular buccal canal, and mandibular incisor neural tube was observed. Inclusion criteria were: when multiple cross-sectional images such as sagittal section, coronal section, horizontal section, arbitrary section, and curved section were read, the presence of mandibular incisor neural tube, mandibular median lingual canal, and mandibular accessory canal or mandibular buccal canal could be clearly observed. Results: (1) The median lingual canal of mandible communicated with the neural tube of mandibular incisors in 15 cases. Neural tube communication of bilateral mandibular incisors was observed in 22 cases. There were 104 cases of sublingual or buccal canal communicating with mandibular incisor neural tube, with a total of 184 branches. Conclusion: (1) The mandibular incisor nerve can send out several small branches on the buccalingual bone surface of the corresponding tooth position, such as premolars, canines, and incisors. The running channels of these small branches are the mandibular accessory canal and the mandibular buccalateral canal. (2) The median lingual canal of the mandible is a pipe from the lingual side of the mandible to the interior, which tends to disappear. It is not connected with the neural tube of the mandible incisor, and in some cases, it is anastomosed with the nerve of the mandible incisor or runs through the mandible. (3) The median lingual canal of the mandible is not a small branch from the mandible body to the bone surface issued by the neural tube of the mandible incisor, but a path from the soft tissue to the mandible body issued by the branch from the vascular and nerve bundle of the mouth floor.

Key words: CBCT, mandibular lingual lateral canal, implant surgery, fine anatomical structure of the jaw