Retrospective Analysis of 466 Cases of Supplemental Teeth in Children

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.11.009

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the characteristics, incidence, clinical features, and treatment status of supplemental teeth using panoramic radiography. Methods: A total of 144,274 panoramic radiographs of children aged 3-18 years were collected from the imaging database of our hospital between January 2014 and December 2024. The occurrence of supplemental teeth was observed and recorded, along with their clinical characteristics and treatment options. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 statistical software. Results: The incidence of supplemental teeth in this study group was 3.23‰ (466/144,274), with 302 cases in males and 164 cases in females (P<0.001). The most common stages of occurrence were mixed dentition (68.88%) > permanent dentition (20.82%) > primary dentition (10.30%). The most frequent tooth positions were maxillary lateral incisors (61.11%) > mandibular central incisors (11.31%) > maxillary central incisors (9.13%) > mandibular lateral incisors (8.93%). Among the cases, 429 individuals (92.06%) had one supplemental tooth, 36 (7.73%) had two, and 1 case (0.21%) had three. No cases with four or more supplemental teeth were observed. Fusion with adjacent permanent teeth was observed in 24 supplemental teeth (4.76%). Dental abnormalities such as tooth rotation, crowding, midline deviation, and adjacent tooth eruption disturbances were present in 454 cases (97.42%). Supplemental teeth occurred on the right side in 270 cases and on the left side in 234 cases (P>0.05). The maxilla was more frequently affected (376 teeth) than the mandible (128 teeth) (P<0.001). Unilateral occurrence (430 cases) was significantly more common than bilateral (36 cases) (P<0.001). Associated conditions included primary supplemental teeth, additional hyperdontia, congenital missing teeth, and fused teeth. In this study group, 84 supplemental teeth were extracted, accounting for 18.03%, while the remaining 335 supplemental teeth have not been removed. Conclusion: The incidence of supplemental teeth was 3.23‰, with a higher prevalence in males. The mixed dentition stage was the most commonly affected. Supplemental teeth occurred bilaterally but were more frequent in the maxilla than the mandible and more often unilateral than bilateral, with single maxillary unilateral cases being predominant. They were frequently associated with various dental developmental abnormalities. Treatment approaches varied, with most supplemental teeth remaining unextracted. Clinicians should pay close attention to dental abnormalities and conduct regular follow-ups to detect and prevent potential complications caused by supplemental teeth at an early stage.

Key words: supplemental teeth, clinical characteristics, treatment, dental developmental abnormalities

GUO Jianliang, QIU Fenfang, MENG Shan, QU Jiaojiao, XIONG Zhenghui. Retrospective Analysis of 466 Cases of Supplemental Teeth in Children[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2025, 41(11): 977-981.

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