儿童牙科常用的药物镇静技术

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 儿童牙科患儿与成人相比,有较高比例的患儿对牙科治疗感到焦虑,无法通过常规行为管理完成治疗。镇静技术可以帮助牙科焦虑症的患儿完成牙科治疗。本文系统介绍了目前儿童牙科常用药物镇静技术,并对该领域的发展进行综述。

Abstract: Compared with adults, a higher proportion of children in pediatric dentistry need to receive dental treatment under sedation, which is indicated when behavior management is unsuccessful. Pediatric sedation can help children with dental anxiety complete the treatment successfully. In this review, the commonly used pediatric sedation techniques are systematically reviewed, and the development in this field is introduced.

Key words: drug sedation, dental anxiety, pediatric dentistry

聂娟, 丁桂聪. 儿童牙科常用的药物镇静技术[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2021, 37(12): 1080-1083.

NIE Juan, DING Guicong. Drug Sedation Technology Commonly Used in Pediatric Dentistry[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2021, 37(12): 1080-1083.

参考文献

[1] Tyagi P, Tyagi S, Jain A. Sedative effects of oral midazolam, intravenous midazolam and oral diazepam in the dental treatment of children [J]. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2013, 37(3):301-305.
[2] 谷楠,刘富萍,张宇娜,等.儿童牙科焦虑症的治疗及其研究进展[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2015,42(5):575-577.
[3] Baier K, Milgrom P, Russell S, et al. Children's fear and behavior in private pediatric dentistry practices [J]. Pediatr Dent, 2004, 26(4):316-321.
[4] Espíndola AD, Alves VK, Sucasas CP, et al. Moderate sedation helps improve future behavior in pediatric dental patients-a prospective study [J]. Braz Oral Res, 2016,30(1):e107.
[5] Scott DS, Hirschman R. Psychological aspects of dental anxiety in adults [J]. J Am Dent Assoc, 1982, 104(1):27-31.
[6] Coté CJ, Wilson S, American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures [J]. Pediatrics, 2019, 143(6):e20191000.
[7] Guideline on behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient [J]. Pediatr Dent, 2016, 38(6):185-198.
[8] Lee JM, Kim PJ, Kim HG, et al. Analysis of brain connectivity during nitrous oxide sedation using graph theory [J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1):2354.
[9] Kharouba J, Somri M, Hadjittofi C, et al. Effectiveness and safety of nitrous oxide as a sedative agent at 60% and 70% compared to 50% concentration in pediatric dentistry setting [J]. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2020, 44(1):60-65.
[10] Zaffina S, Lembo M, Gilardi F, et al. Nitrous oxide occupational exposure in conscious sedation procedures in dental ambulatories: a pilot retrospective observational study in an Italian pediatric hospital [J]. BMC Anesthesiology, 2019,19(1):42.
[11] 中华口腔医学会.口腔治疗中笑气-氧气吸人镇静技术应用操作指南(试行)[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2010,45(11):645-647.
[12] Gazal G, Fareed WM, Zafar MS, et al. Pain and anxiety management for pediatric dental procedures using various combinations of sedative drugs: A review [J]. Saudi Pharm J, 2016, 24(4):379-385.
[13] Cheng X, Chen Z, Zhang L, et al. Efficacy and safety of midazolam oral solution for sedative hypnosis and anti-anxiety in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11:225.
[14] Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Lourenco-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment [J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018,12(12):CD003877.
[15] Sanders JC. Flumazenil reverses a paradoxical reaction to intravenous midazolam in a child with uneventful prior exposure to midazolam [J]. Paediatr Anaesth, 2003, 13(4):369-370.
[16] Musani IE, Chandan NV. A comparison of the sedative effect of oral versus nasal midazolam combined with nitrous oxide in uncooperative children [J]. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2015, 16(5):417-424.
[17] Nelson TM, Xu Z. Pediatric dental sedation: challenges and opportunities [J]. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent, 2015, 7:97-106.
[18] Alsarheed MA. Intranasal sedatives in pediatric dentistry [J]. Saudi Med J, 2016, 37(9):948-956.
[19] 卢博一,刘冰,徐浩.口服镇静药在口腔疾病治疗中的临床应用[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2015,31(2):300-302.
[20] Mozafar S, Bargrizan M, Golpayegani MV, et al. Comparison of nitrous oxide/midazolam and nitrous oxide/promethazine for pediatric dental sedation: A randomized, cross-over, clinical trial [J]. Dent Res J (Isfahan), 2018, 15(6):411-419.
[21] 罗俊,顾恩华.非注射类镇静药物用于儿童手术室外镇静的研究进展[J].中国药房,2017,28(21):3018-3021.
[22] Conigliaro R, Fanti L, Manno M, et al. Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) position paper on the non-anaesthesiologist administration of propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy [J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2017, 49(11):1185-1190.
[23] Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology [J]. Anesthesiology, 2018, 128(3):437-479.
[24] 许向亮,王菲,赵阳阳,等.静脉给药镇静技术在2582例口腔外科门诊手术中的临床应用[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2020,52(1):181-186.
[25] Li BL, Yuen VM, Zhou JL, et al. A randomized controlled trial of oral chloral hydrate vs intranasal dexmedetomidine plus buccal midazolam for auditory brainstem response testing in children [J]. Paediatr Anaesth, 2018, 28(11):1022-1028.
[26] Li L, Zhou J, Yu D, et al. Intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral chloral hydrate for diagnostic procedures sedation in infants and toddlers: A systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2020, 99(9):e19001.
[27] 陈哲,林茂,曾力楠,等.水合氯醛口服溶液用于儿童镇静催眠安全性的系统评价[J].中国药房,2020,31(9):1124-1131.
[28] Song S, Han M, Kim J. Safety of chloral hydrate sedation in dental practice for children: an overview [J]. J Dent Anesth Pain Med, 2020, 20(3):107-118.
[29] Sheta SA, Al-Sarheed MA, Abdelhalim AA. Intranasal dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication in children undergoing complete dental rehabilitation: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial [J]. Paediatr Anaesth, 2014, 24(2):181-189.
[30] 王丽,李建国.右美托咪定用于口腔癌前臂皮瓣修复术后保留气管插管患者的镇静研究[J].口腔医学研究,2018,32(2):157-160.
[31] Lin Y, Zhang R, Shen W, et al. Dexmedetomidine versus other sedatives for non-painful pediatric examinations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [J]. J Clin Anesth, 2020, 62:109736.
[32] Li BL, Yuen VM, Zhou JL, et al. A randomized controlled trial of oral chloral hydrate vs intranasal dexmedetomidine plus buccal midazolam for auditory brainstem response testing in children [J]. Paediatr Anaesth, 2018, 28(11):1022-1028.
[33] Anttila M, Penttil J, Helminen A, et al. Bioavailability of dexmedetomidine after extravascular doses in healthy subjects [J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2003, 56(6):691-693.
[34] Abdallah FW, Brull R. Facilitatory effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on neuraxial and peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Br J Anaesth, 2013, 110(6):915-925.
[35] Bi LL, Jin N, Huang JX, et al. Intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation in children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography study--a prospective observational study [J]. Paediatr Anaesth, 2015, 25(9):891-896.
[36] 孟秋雨,黄慧敏,徐辉.右美托咪定与几种镇静药物在口腔门诊手术中镇静效果的meta分析[J].上海口腔医学,2019,28(1):100-109.
[37] 罗俊,顾恩华.非注射类镇静药物用于儿童手术室外镇静的研究进展[J].中国药房,2017,28(21):3018-3021.
[38] 王丽,黄丽丽,彭伟.右美托咪定与咪达唑仑在儿童牙科患者术前镇静中的应用[J].口腔医学研究,2020,10(36):953-956.
[39] Hinkelbein J, Lamperti M, Akeson J, et al. European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board of Anaesthesiology guidelines for procedural sedation and analgesia in adults [J]. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2018, 35(1):6-24.
[40] Guideline for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: update 2016 [J]. Pediatr Dent, 2016, 38(5):77-106.