口腔医学研究

口腔医学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 286-292.DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.004

• 口腔种植学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体促进骨质疏松大鼠种植体骨结合的实验研究

樊玥, 朱东澳, 刘明坤, 郎律, 刘红红*   

  1. 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)口腔医学中心,蚌埠医科大学研究生院 安徽 合肥 230002
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者: *刘红红,E-mail:66302784@qq.com
  • 作者简介:樊玥(1997~ ),女,安徽蚌埠人,硕士,住院医师,研究方向:口腔种植学。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(编号:2023AH053394)；蚌埠医科大学研究生科研创新计划项目(编号:Byycxz23032)

Promotion of Osseointegration around Implants in Osteoporotic Rats by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes

FAN Yue, ZHU Dong'ao, LIU Mingkun, LANG Lv, LIU Honghong*   

  1. Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Graduate School of Bengbu Medical University, Hefei 230002, China
  • Received:2025-06-23 Published:2026-04-23

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摘要： 目的:研究骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, BMSC-Exos)在骨质疏松大鼠种植体骨结合中的作用。方法:采用透射电镜、纳米颗粒追踪分析和Western blot 3种方法鉴定BMSC-Exos。通过CCK-8实验和细胞划痕实验检测BMSCs的增殖和迁移能力。分别采用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)和Western blot在基因和蛋白水平检测Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1链(collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain, Col1a1)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, Alp)和Runt相关转录因子2(runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2)的表达。在动物实验中,首先通过卵巢切除术建立骨质疏松大鼠模型并验证其建模成功。另取一批大鼠建立骨质疏松模型,随机分为对照组(注射磷酸盐缓冲液)和实验组(注射BMSC-Exos),对所有大鼠进行胫骨种植体植入手术,术后8周进行影像学和组织学评估。结果:本研究成功分离并鉴定了BMSC-Exos。BMSC-Exos显著促进BMSCs增殖和迁移,并上调成骨标志物(Col1a1、Alp和Runx2)的mRNA和蛋白表达。在骨质疏松大鼠模型中,BMSC-Exos治疗显著提高了种植体周围骨密度和种植体-骨结合率。结论:本研究结果表明,BMSC-Exos能够促进BMSCs增殖、迁移和成骨标志物表达,显著增强骨质疏松大鼠种植体骨结合。

关键词: 外泌体, 骨质疏松, 种植体, 骨结合

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) in implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats. Methods: BMSC-Exos were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. The proliferative and migratory capacities of BMSCs were assessed via CCK-8 assay and scratch wound healing assay. The expression of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain (Col1a1), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was detected at the gene and protein levels by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. An osteoporotic rat model was established via ovariectomy and was verified. The osteoporotic rats were randomly divided into control group (injected with PBS) and experimental group (injected with BMSC-Exos). Tibial implant surgery was performed on all rats, followed by radiographic and histological evaluations at 8 weeks post-surgery. Results: BMSC-Exos were successfully isolated and characterized. BMSC-Exos significantly promoted BMSCs proliferation and migration while upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic markers (Col1a1, Alp, and Runx2). In the osteoporotic rat model, BMSC-Exos treatment significantly increased the peri-implant bone mineral density (BMD) and the implant-bone contact ratio. Conclusion: BMSC-Exos can enhance BMSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic marker expression, thereby significantly improving implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats.

Key words: exosomes, osteoporosis, implant, osseointegration