大鼠创伤性颞下颌关节强直动物模型的建立

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的:通过复合创伤的方式建立大鼠创伤性颞下颌关节强直(traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis, TTMJA)模型。方法:选取30只3周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠依次编号为1~30,随机分为对照组(n=15)和实验组(n=15),实验组左侧(手术侧)颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)进行造模手术诱导TTMJA,右侧(假手术侧)TMJ行假手术。对照组常规饲养无其他特殊处理。术后8周处死SD大鼠,测量体重、最大垂直被动开口度,对TMJ复合体进行大体、微型计算机断层扫描(Micro-CT)和组织学观察。结果:术后8周,实验组大鼠体重和最大垂直被动开口度显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。大体观察发现实验组手术侧关节间隙消失,假手术侧正常。Micro-CT显示手术侧关节表面和间隙钙化骨痂增多,关节体积增大。组织学染色显示60%实验组大鼠手术侧关节间隙内可见新生软骨和钙化骨组织,形成骨桥和骨性关节强直。结论:本实验建立的SD大鼠TTMJA模型在大体解剖、影像学、组织学与人类同种疾病类似,为研究该疾病机制提供有效实验载体。

关键词: 创伤性颞下颌关节强直, 颞下颌关节, 动物模型, 复合创伤

Abstract: Objective: To establish the traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TTMJA) model in rats through a combined trauma approach. Methods: Thirty 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected and numbered from 1 to 30. They were randomly divided into the control group (n=15) and the experimental group (n=15). The left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the experimental group underwent a modeling surgery to induce TTMJA, while the right TMJ received a sham surgery. The control group was raised under normal conditions without any special treatment. Eight weeks after the surgery, the SD rats were sacrificed, their body weight and the maximum passive opening degree in the vertical direction were examined, and the TMJ complex was observed grossly, by Micro-CT, and with histological staining. Results: Eight weeks after the operation, the body weight and the maximum passive vertical mouth opening of the rats in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001). Gross observation revealed that the joint space on the surgical side of the experimental group disappeared, while that on the sham surgery side remained normal. Micro-CT showed that the surface and gap of the joint on the surgical side had increased calciumized bone callus, and the joint volume had increased. Histological staining revealed that 60% of the rats in the experimental group had newly formed cartilage and calcified bone tissue in the joint space on the surgical side, forming bone bridges and bony joint ankylosis. Conclusion: The SD rat TTMJA model established in this experiment is similar to the human homologous disease in terms of gross anatomy, imaging, and histology, and is an effective experimental carrier for studying the mechanism of this disease.

Key words: traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis;
temporomandibular joint, animal model;
combined injury

房越, 李宁, 吕天阳, 衡玉敏, 廖小毓, 刘昌奎, 胡开进. 大鼠创伤性颞下颌关节强直动物模型的建立[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2026, 42(5): 398-404.

FANG Yue, LI Ning, LV Tianyang, HENG Yumin, LIAO Xiaoyu, LIU Changkui, Hu Kaijin. Establishment of Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Model in Rats[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2026, 42(5): 398-404.

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