Correlation Study between IL-1β and IL-10 with Clinical and Radiographic Parameters in Peri-implant Disease of Rats

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.03.004

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: To establish a rat model of peri-implant disease (PID) based on changes in inflammatory factors in vitro, and to investigate the correlation between interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and clinical/radiographic parameters. Methods: In vitro, human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to simulate an inflammatory microenvironment. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-10. In vivo, custom implants were placed mesial to the maxillary first molars in 20 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Four weeks later, 12 rats with successful osseointegration were selected and divided into a control group and a model group (n=6 each). PID was induced in the model group via ligation and topical application of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) suspension, while the control group received no intervention. Probing pocket depth (PPD), positive rate of bleeding on probing (BOP), and radiographic bone resorption were recorded weekly. After 4 weeks, rats were euthanized. RT-qPCR was performed to detect IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA expression in gingival tissues, the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio was calculated, and their correlations with clinical and radiographic parameters were analyzed. Results: In vitro inflammatory stimulation significantly upregulated IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA expression (P<0.05). In the animal experiment, the model group exhibited significantly higher PPD, BOP positive rate, and bone resorption compared to the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, IL-1β mRNA expression was increased, IL-10 mRNA expression was decreased, and the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio was increased in the model group (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that IL-1β and the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio were positively correlated with PPD and bone resorption, while IL-10 was negatively correlated with both (all P<0.05). Conclusion: This study successfully established a rat PID model. It revealed significant correlations between IL-1β, IL-10, and clinical/radiographic parameters, providing an experimental foundation for elucidating the pathogenesis of PID and developing targeted therapeutic strategies focusing on inflammatory cytokines.

Key words: peri-implant disease, rat model, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10

MEI Long, CAI Chengchen, DONG Shuya, ZHENG Yuxiang, HE Jungang, CHENG Lujin. Correlation Study between IL-1β and IL-10 with Clinical and Radiographic Parameters in Peri-implant Disease of Rats[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2026, 42(3): 195-200.

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