Abstract: Objective: To invesgate the correlation bewteen the detection of oral candida albicans and dental caries related factors among 3-5 years of Uighur old children in Kashi City, and to provide scientific basis for children caries prevention. Methods: Using stratified cluster random method we collected dental plaque from caries tooth tissue and supragingival plaque samples from 397 healthy children aged 3-5 years of Uighur in Kashi City. Data were collected by questionnaire from their parents and oral condition were clinically examined. The candida albicans were isolated, purified and identified by polymerase chain reaction. Principal component analysis logistic regression was used to analyze Candida albicans detection situation, whether long-term use of baby bottles, and the risk factors for early childhood caries. Results: Principal component analysis showed that there were seven risk factors, cumulative contribution rate of 70.027% of the total variance. Logistic regression analysis showed that, except the periodontal status and gender, other factors were closely related with early childhood caries. Conclusion: The incidence of early childhood caries is the result of many factors, especially, the detection of Candida albicans is closely associated with dental caries. Using principal component analysis to build a comprehensive evaluation model can eliminate overlapping information of the original variables, streamline data, objective, reasonable and comprehensive evaluate early childhood caries risk factors and provide a theoretical basis for caries prevention.