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Effects of Staining Solutions on Color, Translucency, and Surface Roughness of Contemporary Resin Cements: an in vitro Study. CHENG Shao-long, YU Hao, CHEN Wei-ran, ZHENG Hai-yan, CHENG Hui. 2016, 32(4): 317-321.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.001 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 513 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of staining solutions on color, translucency, and surface roughness of contemporary resin cements. Methods: Six commercially available resin cements were investigated in the present study. For each material, twenty cylinder-shaped specimens with 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were prepared and randomly divided into four groups. The specimens were immersed in 4 different solutions (deionized water, cola, coffee, and red wine) for 288 hours. The color parameters and surface roughness of specimens were measured before and after staining solutions for 48 h, 96 h, 144 h, 192 h, 240 h and 288 h. The color differences (ΔE values) and translucency parameter (TP) between baseline and post-treatments were calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05 was used to evaluate the effect of immersion time, staining solutions, and materials on color difference (ΔE), translucency parameter (TP) and surface roughness (Ra). Results: Immersion in staining solutions produced similar behavior in time for all tested materials that ΔE was increased, TP was decreased and surface roughness did not change obviously. After 288 h immersion in coffee and red wine, all materials showed color changes above the clinically accepted value (all ΔE>3.3) and red wine induced the most pronounced color differences (ΔE=7.89~12.25). RelyX U200 showed higher color and TP stability compared to the other resin cements. The color stability of most light-cured resin cements was superior to that of dual-cured type. Conclusion: The effects of staining solutions on the color and translucency of resin cements are material dependent. However, all specimens show discoloration after completion of the test period which is visually perceptible (all ΔE>1). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of BMP7 on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in 3D Culture System. XU Ran, ZHANG Yu, XING Jian-yu, WANG Yi-bo, DING Chao, LV Jia-wei, WEI Ren-yue, SHI Jiu-hui, LIU Zhong-hua 2016, 32(4): 322-325.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.002 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (2599KB) ( 205 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of BMP7 on the osteogenic differentiation ability of mouse iPSCs in the absorbable gelatin sponge scaffold. Methods: EBs induced from mouse iPSCs were digested into single cells and microinjected into the gelatin sponge. After 7 days of osteogenic induction, the osteogenic and adhesive abilities of the cells were examined. Results: Mouse iPSCs attached and spread along the gelatin sponge. Compared with the group without BMP7 treatment, the group treated with BMP7 had higher levels of deposited calcium and osteoblastic markers. Conclusion: Gelatin sponge can be used as cell culture scaffold for mouse iPSCs and BMP7 promotes osteogenesis of mouse iPSCs in the culture system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Histomorphometric and Biomechanical Analysis of Orthodontic Microscrews Stability under Continuous or Intermittent Force. WU Ye-ke,ZHAO Li-xing. 2016, 32(4): 326-330.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.003 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1613KB) ( 261 )   Objective: To evaluate the influence of continuous or intermittent force on stability of titanium microscrews. Methods: 144 microscrews were inserted bilaterally in intraradicular zones of maxillary first molar and second premolar in 36 beagles. Loads were delivered consecutively in continuous group (n=12), in cycles of 12 on/paused for 12h in intermittent group A (n=12), and in cycles of 24 on/paused for 24h in intermittent group B (n=12). The on/off cycles were repeated for 1, 3, 5 or 7 weeks, after which the animals were sacrificed, and microscopic computerized tomography (μCT) and pullout test were applied. Results: The μCT parameters of microscrews in all three groups increased gradually with loading time. Fmax increased and reached a peak at week 5 but dropped slightly at week 7. In continuous group, all measurements were lower than those in intermittent groups at all time points. All values in intermittent group A were higher than those in intermittent group B. Conclusion: An intermittent loading regimen appears to be more favorable for obtaining stability than continuous loading, and a 12 h/12 h on/off loading cycle is superior to a 24 h/24 h on/off protocol in promoting bone-implant contact. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal and Spatial Expression of Ddit3 during the First Mandibular Mouse Molar Tooth Germs Development. YU Miao, WU Yan-ru, HAN Yu-ting, TENG Fang-jun, HUANG Yi-qing, WANG Jia-wei. 2016, 32(4): 331-334.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.004 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (2358KB) ( 278 )   Objective: To investigate the temporal and spatial expression pattern of Ddit3 during the first molar development and tentatively uncover the functional role of Ddit3 during tooth development. Methods: Time pregnancy ICR mouse embryos was obtained and serially sectioned for immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry staining. Results: During the early development, Ddit3 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of mouse first molar tooth germ. From the early bell stage, Ddit3 was not only expressed in the cytoplasm, but also weakly expressed in the nucleus. Expression pattern was as follows: in the laminae stage, there was no expression of Ddit3 neither in oral epithelium and mesenchymal cells; in the bud stage, the expression of Ddit3 was located in the cytoplasm of dental epithelium cells as well as in the cap stage; in the early bell stage, Ddit3 had an expression in the cytoplasm of ameloblasts, pre-odontoblasts and dental papilla cells. Ddit3 was also expressed in the nucleus of those cells. In the late bell stage, Ddit3 was expressed in the cytoplasm of high columnar ameloblasts and odontoblasts nearby the newly formed hard tissues. Furthermore, Ddit3 was also expressed in the nucleus of the most ameloblasts, odontoblasts and dental papilla cells. Conclusion: Ddit3 may play a vital role in the differentiation of ameloblasts, odontoblasts and biomineralization process. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Nano.Ag-TiO2 on the Antibacterial Property of Glass Ionomer Cements. DONG Bo, WANG Mei-ling, GU Wei, XU Xiu-xiu, QIU Rong-rong. 2016, 32(4): 335-337.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.005 Abstract ( 215 )   PDF (934KB) ( 307 )   Objective: To study the effect of Nano. Ag-TiO2 on the antibacterial property of glass ionomer cements. Methods: Nano.Ag-TiO2 was added into the glass ionomer cement with the mass ratio of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. After stirred by mechanical means, the mixed cement was filled in the mold quickly. The inhibitory effect and antibacterial durability of specimen were observed on Streptococcus mutans. Results: With the increased content of Nano. Ag-TiO2, the inhibition rate of mixed cement on the Streptococcus mutans raised, which was significant different from the control group (P<0.05); The inhibition rate of the natural aging group did not change significantly. The inhibitory rate of the group with 3% Nano.Ag-TiO2 was more than 90%. Conclusion: Glass ionomer cement added with Nano.Ag-TiO2 has good antibacterial effects with lasting stability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Thermal Cycling on Adhesive Force of Cements to the Implant-supported Fixed Bridge. ZOU Geng-sen, FAN Jian, XU Zhi-qiang, GUO Jian-bin, WU Dong, HUANG Wen-xiu, CHEN Jiang 2016, 32(4): 338-342.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.006 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 389 )   Objective: To study the effect of thermal cycling on adhesive force of different cements to the implant-supported fixed bridge. Methods: 3D printing production of Cobalt-Chromium alloy implant-supported fixed bridges were divided into group A (composite resin cement) and group B (resin modified glass ionomer cement). Both group had 4 subgroups: thermal cycling 0 times (A1 and B1), thermal cycling 2500 times (A2 and B2), thermal cycling 5000 times (A3 and B3), and thermal cycling 10000 times (A4 and B4). Abutments were fixed to the implant analogs, and then the fixed bridges were bonded to the abutments. All the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva with 37℃ water bath for 24 hours after curing. The tensile test was used to measure the adhesive force of different cements to the implant-supported fixed bridge after thermal cycling. Results: The adhesive force of SAC were higher than Luting 2 before or after thermal cycling (P<0.05). The adhesive force of both cements were not significantly decreased after thermal cycling 2500 times (P>0.05). The adhesive force of both cements were significantly decreased after thermal cycling 5000 and 10000 times (P<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the adhesive performance of SAC is superior to Luting 2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of TNF-α on the Proliferation and Odontoblastic as well as Osteogenic Differentiation of SCAP in Vitro. YU Li, LI Shu-hui, YUAN Ping, ZHAO Lu, ZHOU Chun-mei, WU Pei-ling. 2016, 32(4): 343-346.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.007 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (1412KB) ( 283 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of TNF-α on the proliferation and odontoblastic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) in vitro. Methods: Stem cells were isolated from the apical papillary by combining enzyme digestion with tissue block method, and identified by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemical method. After treated by TNF-α, the effect on the proliferation and mineralized tooth's ontogenesis ability were detected in SCAP. Results: TNF-α in each density group can stimulate the proliferation of SCAP in vitro, particularly in 10mg/L and 50mg/L (P<0.05). Additionally, in the experimental group, the Alizarin red staining was obvious weaker with smaller mineral node, and the expression of DSP and BSP were down-regulated compared to the control group. Conclusion: TNF-α could promote the proliferation and inhibit the mineralization of SCAP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study of Autogenous Bone Ring Graft with Simultaneous Implant Placement in Dogs. YU Ke,LIU Wen-jia, CHEN He-lin, FU Tao-zi, WANG Yi-qiao, WANG Hang,TAN Zhen. 2016, 32(4): 347-351.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.008 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (1840KB) ( 450 )   Objective: To find evidence supporting autogenous bone ring graft in clinic through observing the change of soft and hard tissues around implants placed in mandibles of Beagle dogs with simultaneous autogenous bone rings graft. Methods: Six adult healthy male Beagle dogs were selected. The bilateral mandibular second premolars and fourth premolars were extracted, and buccal bone plate defects were prepared simultaneously in the extraction sites of the experimental group. After 3 months, autogenous bone ring graft with simultaneous implant (Straumann) placement was done in the experimental group and implants were placed conventionally in the control group. Three months later,the stability of the implants was tested with Osstell and the vertical bone resorption around the implants was measured with slidecaliper. Results: After 3 months, the success rate of bone ring graft was 94.4%, and the survival rate of the implants was 100%. The stability of implants in the experiment group increased in contrast to the initial situation and no difference was found between experiment and control groups. The average resorption of bone rings in the vertical direction was (1.13±0.33)mm, and it was higher in the baccal and lingual sites than that in the mesial and distal sites. The average exposure height of the implants in the experiment group was (0.62±0.25)mm. Conclusion: Autogenous bone ring graft with implant simultaneous placement is a simple and feasible method to solve the problem of alveolar bone defect, and the vertical bone resorption can be controlled in the clinical acceptable range. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity of Salivary Microbiology in Healthy Children and Adults. WANG Zhen-zhen, WANG Yi-bin, WU Fang, LI Jun-ping,ZHOU Jian-ye, LI Zhi-qiang, YU Zhan-hai 2016, 32(4): 352-355.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.009 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (1264KB) ( 342 )   Objective: To analyse the differences of oral microbial diversity between healthy children and adults through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. Methods: Eleven specimens of saliva (5 from healthy adults, i.e. AJ group and 6 from healthy children, i.e. CJ group) were collected respectively. The DNA of microbes from saliva specimens was extracted, and the V4-V5 eras of 16S rRNA was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The diversity of microbial community structure from these two groups was analyzed. Results: The different genera between two groups were Leptotrichia, Porphyromona, Treponema, Gemella, and Granulicatella. Principal component analysis (PcoA) test showed that there were significant differences in microbial community structure between CJ group and AJ group. From 11 samples, 474,119 sequences and 9,223 operational takonomic units(OUTs)were obtained, which belonged to 26 phyla and 374 genera. Conclusion: The oral saliva microbial community structure in healthy adults and children is similar in kind but different in quantity. The differences suggest that healthy adults are more likely to get periodontal disease than healthy children while who are more likely to suffer from dental caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different Energy Density of Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation on the Dentin Bond Strength. GAN Jing,LIU Si-ying,YAO Chen-min,HUANG Cui. 2016, 32(4): 356-360.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.010 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (2543KB) ( 345 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of different energy densities of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the dentin bond strength. Methods: Thirty-six intact third molars were randomly divided into three groups after the enamel were removed, The three groups are control group, low energy density group(1w, 85J/cm2 ) and high energy density group(4w, 350J/cm2) . After the corresponding surface treatment, each group was divided into two sub-groups in order to evaluate the bonding strength of both self-etching adhesive (G-Bond, GC) and total etch adhesive (Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE). The dentin surfaces were observed by SEM and LSCM. Results: After irradiated by low energy density laser, the bonding strength of total etch adhesive was stable and that of self-etch adhesive decreased. However, after high energy density laser irradiation, the bonding strength of self-etch adhesive was maintained and that of total etch adhesive decreased. Conclusion: After low energy density laser irradiation, total etch adhesive will get more stable dentin bond strength. While after high energy density laser irradiation, self-etch adhesive will be better. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Integrin α6 on Cell Adhesion in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells under Simulated Microgravity. YANG Dian-song, PAN Shuang, HE Li-na, LI Yan-ping, ZHANG Lin, NIU Yu-mei. 2016, 32(4): 361-364.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.011 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (1498KB) ( 271 )   Objective: To study the effects of integrin α6 on cell adhesion of human dental pulp stem cells seeded on PLGA scaffolds under simulated microgravity. Methods: hDPSCs were seeded on PLGA scaffolds and cultured under the conditions of normal gravity or simulated microgravity for 72 hours. The protein expression level of integrin α6, integrin αv, integrin β1, FAK and phospho-FAK were measured by Western blot. Integrin α6 siRNA was transfected into hDPSCs and DAPI immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the adhesion ability of hDPSCs. Western blot was conducted to detect the related-protein expression levels. Results: Expression of integrin α6 and phospho-FAK were up-regulated in the microgravity group (P＜0.05) compared to control group, while there were no statistical differences in the expression levels of integrin αv, integrin β1 and FAK. Moreover, adhesion ability and phospho-FAK expression of hDPSCs were decreased after transfected with integrin α6 siRNA (P＜0.05), while there were no statistical differences in the expression levels of integrin β1 and FAK. Conclusion: Increased adhesion ability of hDPSCs seeded on PLGA scaffolds may be associated with the up-regulation of integrin α6 and its downstream molecule FAK. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Principal Component Analysis of Oral Candida Albicans and Dental Caries Related Factors among 3-5 Years Old Children of Uighur in Kashi City. ZHANG Wan-ting, LI Yan, A yinuer A budureyimu, ZHOU Jin. 2016, 32(4): 365-369.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.012 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (889KB) ( 246 )   Objective: To invesgate the correlation bewteen the detection of oral candida albicans and dental caries related factors among 3-5 years of Uighur old children in Kashi City, and to provide scientific basis for children caries prevention. Methods: Using stratified cluster random method we collected dental plaque from caries tooth tissue and supragingival plaque samples from 397 healthy children aged 3-5 years of Uighur in Kashi City. Data were collected by questionnaire from their parents and oral condition were clinically examined. The candida albicans were isolated, purified and identified by polymerase chain reaction. Principal component analysis logistic regression was used to analyze Candida albicans detection situation, whether long-term use of baby bottles, and the risk factors for early childhood caries. Results: Principal component analysis showed that there were seven risk factors, cumulative contribution rate of 70.027% of the total variance. Logistic regression analysis showed that, except the periodontal status and gender, other factors were closely related with early childhood caries. Conclusion: The incidence of early childhood caries is the result of many factors, especially, the detection of Candida albicans is closely associated with dental caries. Using principal component analysis to build a comprehensive evaluation model can eliminate overlapping information of the original variables, streamline data, objective, reasonable and comprehensive evaluate early childhood caries risk factors and provide a theoretical basis for caries prevention. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and Pathological Analysis of Six Epithelioid Hemangioma in Oral and Maxillofacial Region and Review of the Literature. ZHENG Xiao-dan, JIN Xu-bin, ZHENG Li-duan, CHENG Bo, DAI Lin. 2016, 32(4): 370-371.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.013 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (2354KB) ( 308 )   Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical significance of epithelioid hemangiomas in the oral and maxillofacial region. Methods: The case history and clinicopathological features of six patients with epithelioid hemangioma in the oral and maxillofacial region were reviewed. All sections were observed microscopically by gross examination and HE staining. The immune structure was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and related literatures were reviewed. Results: Six patients were three males and three females, and the average age was 26-year old. The tumors were located around the ear (n=4) and palatine (n=2). All sections were manifested as superficial single mass and one patient with history of trauma. Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by proliferation of capillaries and small blood vessels, and vascular endothelial cells were present as epithelioid cells or histiocytes. Chronic inflammatory cells could be observed in the whole lesion and most of them could be eosinophilics. For immunohistochemistry, vascular endothelial cells were positive for Vimentin, CD31 and CD34, SMA shows perivascular positive, S-100, Pan CK staining were negative in all the cases. Only one case recurred after surgery and there was no metastasis in all of the cases. Conclusion: Epithelioid hemangioma is a benign vascular lesion, and may be related to local trauma. The effective treatment is the locally complete excision and it is particularly liable to relapse if not completely removed. Accurate preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis is very important for complete surgical resection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Phytic Acid Used as Chelating Agent on Smear Layer and Chemical Composition of Dentin. WANG Tian-feng, CAO Xi-xi, SA Yue, JIANG Tao. 2016, 32(4): 374-378.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.014 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (2866KB) ( 507 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate,IP6), as a root canal chelating agent on the smear layer and the chemical composition of dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Methods: Twenty-four intact dentin specimens from the crown of premolars were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6) and treated with 2 mL deionized water (5 min), 2mL 5% NaClO (5 min), 2mL 5% NaClO (5 min) followed by 2mL 17% EDTA or 1% IP6 (1 min). The presence of smear layer was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dentinal infrared spectrum was recorded by attenuated total reflection infrared(ATR-IR) spectrometer. M:M(matrix:mineral)and C:M(carbonated:mineral) were calculated and analyzed by two-way RMANOVA. Results: The SEM images showed that 5% NaClO followed by 17% EDTA or 1% IP6 almost removed the smear layer completely, while DW and 5% NaClO alone left a large number of smear layer. It revealed that M:M remained unchanged in group DW (p=0.744), but it decreased significantly in group 5% NaClO alone or followed by 17% EDTA or 1% IP6 (P<0.01). M:M of the latter three groups was obviously lower than that of group DW (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). C:M decreased References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Levels of Dickkopf-l in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Gingival Tissue from Chronic Periodontitis. JIN Jing, WU Kai-yue, XU Chun-jiao, CHI Yu-tan, SUN Xiao-juan, YUAN Hai-bo, QIU Xi-li, WANG Hong-feng, LI Dong-mei 2016, 32(4): 379-382.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.015 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (1340KB) ( 324 )   Objective:To investigate the levels of Dkk1 in chronic periodontitis (CP), and explore the relationship between DKK1 and the occurrence and development of CP. Methods:Thirty CP patients were sub-divided into mild, moderate, and severe CP groups according to clinical attachment loss (CAL) and alveolar bone resorption data. Ten healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from all people and the concentration of DKK1 in the GCF samples was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The concentration of Dkk1 in GCF of the CP groups (8.86±4.07)μg/L was significantly higher than that in the control group (5.51±2.05)μg/L (P<0.05). The concentration of DKK1 in the mild (5.17±1.49)μg/L, moderate (8.32±1.25)μg/L, and severe (13.07±1.80)μg/L CP groups increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of Dkk1 in GCF and PD, CAL. The mean optical density of Dkk1 in the gingival tissues of CP group was (13.40±2.83)×10-2, in the gingivitis group was (7.95±4.52)×10-2, in the control group was (5.31±1.40)×10-2. The mean optical density of Dkk1 in the CP group was significantly higher than that in the gingivitis group and control group (P<0.05). The difference between the latter two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Dkk1 may play a role in the development of periodontitis References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optical Properties of Five Common Dental Curing Lights: a Laboratory Study. LIN Xiao-li,YU Hao,LIN Hong-lei,ZHENG Ming,CHENG Hui. 2016, 32(4): 383-387.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.016 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1647KB) ( 689 )   Objective: To study the optical properties of five kinds of dental LED curing lights to provide reference for selecting appropriate curing lights in dental practice. Methods: Five new dental LED curing lights were included in this study, including LC-VIIIB (Hangzhou Sifang Medical Apparatus), DemiPlus (Kerr), Elipar S10 (3M ESPE), Elipar (3M ESPE), and VALO (Ultradent). The waveform, wave peak and light intensity change of them were tested by the irradiance spectrograph and analyzed by the Bwsped4 software. The light intensity was compared by SPSS 18. Results: The maximum absorption wavelengths of 5 lights were all close to 460 nm. The trend of light intensity of each light had its own characteristics, but relatively stable. The intensities in descending order were as follows: VALO>Elipar>Elipar S10>SLC-VIIIB>DemiPlus. Conclusion: It can be preliminarily concluded that, among 5 LED curing lights, the optical property of the VALO is the best for its wide absorption spectrum, short time, high power and good efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Systemic and Topical Medication on PCT and CRP after Dental Implantation Surgery. WANG Yi-dan, OU Hong-bo, LI Ting-yan, LI Bang-hui, HE Ji-qiong. 2016, 32(4): 388-390.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.017 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (776KB) ( 289 )   Objective: To compare the effects of systemic and topical medication on PCT and CRP after oral dental implantation surgery. Methods: Totally 120 patients with dentition defect, who undenwent the dental implantation surgery from January 2014 to November 2015, were included and randomly divided into the systemic medication group and the topical medication group. Patients in systemic group were given ornidazole treatment, while patients in local group were given minocycline treatment around the implant or inside the incision. The levels of PCT and CRP before and after treatment and the postoperative pain and curative effects were compared. Results: The total effective rate in local group was 95.0%, which was significantly higher than 83.3% of general group (P<0.05). When compared the incidence of postoperative pain, the topical group (41.7%) was significantly superior to the general group (60.0%). Conclusion: The topical administration of minocycline hydrochloride is superior to the systemic administration on the prevention of infection after the dental implantation surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress Distribution of Nano-hydroxyapatite/Polyetheretherketone Compound Implant: a Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis. ZHOU Li-wei,CHEN Xiang-shen,QIAO Yong-gang, ZHANG Mei-Chao, WEI Shi-cheng. 2016, 32(4): 391-394.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.018 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (1617KB) ( 366 )   Objective: To study the stress distribution of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyetheretherketone (n-HA/PEEK) bionic implant and the alveolar bone surrounding the implant, and to provide biomechanical basis for clinical application of the implant. Methods: According to CT scan and implant product data, a three-dimensional finite element model with a implant and its surrounding alveolar bone was set up. The stress distributions of cortical bone and cancellous bone surrounding both n-HA/PEEK and titanium implants were compared when bearing vertical loading of 150 N. Results: The stresses of the cortical for the two implants were the largest at the implant necks, and decreased as the bone cortex got away from the neck. In the cortical bone there are significant differences between the maximum stress on the surface of the two implants (P<0.05). The range of stress fluctuation on the load-bearing titanium implant surface increased,and it was prone to form stress concentration. The surface stress of n-HA/PEEK materials, which shared similar elastic modulus with bone tissue, distributed more uniformly. Conclusion: N-HA/PEEK material is more conducive to transfer the load to the surrounding bone tissue in the form of stress, which is helpful to maintain the long-term stability of implant and bone interface. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Minocycline Hydrochloride Ointment on Subgingival Porphyromonas Gingivalis of Peri-microscrew Implantitis. SUN Fu-cai, YU Fang-you, LI Xian 2016, 32(4): 395-398.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.019 Abstract ( 255 )   PDF (1150KB) ( 273 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of minocycline hydrochloride ointment on subgingival porphyromonas gingivalis of peri-microscrew implantitis. Methods: Fifteen patients (20 microscrews) with peri-microscrew implantitis from Jan 2013 to Jan 2015 were set as experimetal group and 14 patients (20 microscrews) without peri-microscrew implantitis were set as control group. Plaque index (PLI), probing pocket index (PD) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of all patitents were recorded. Real-time PCR was used to detect the Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results: The values of PLI, PD and SBI in experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment for 1 and 3 weeks, the values of PLI, PD and SBI in experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Before and after treatment for 6 weeks, the Pg relevance ratio in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). After treatment for 1 and 3 weeks, the relevance ratio in experimental group significantly decreased. There was significant positive Pearson correlation between the detection rate of Pg and the PLI, PD and SBI (P<0.05). Conclusion: Minocycline hydrochloride ointment treatment could improve clinical symptom and had inhibitory effect on subgingival porphyromonas gingivalis of peri-microscrew implantitis References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of AST and ALP in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Orthodontic Treatment with Invisible Aligner. CHU Ke-jia, WANG Hai-hui, ZHENG Zhi-jun, LI Qi, GUAN Xiao-yan, LIU Jian-guo. 2016, 32(4): 399-401.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.020 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (771KB) ( 388 )   Objective: To compare the periodontal health between orthodontic patients with fixed orthodontic appliance and invisible aligner. Methods: A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Invisible aligners were used in the experimental group, while fixed orthodontic appliances were used in the control group. Gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), AST and ALP in GCF were measured before treatment and 6 months after treatment respectively. Results: Six months after treatment, GCF, AST and ALP in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: During the observation period, invisible aligner is more propitious to periodontal health than fixed orthodontic appliance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Imaging and Measuring the thickness of Dentin. XI Qiao-ling, LI Jun, LI Dong-dong, CHEN Zhen-yu, DING Jiang-feng 2016, 32(4): 402-404.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.021 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (1145KB) ( 471 )   Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in imaging and measuring the thickness of dentin. Methods: The lingual enamel of 20 mandibular incisors was removed, then scanned by Micro-CT and reconstructed in three dimensions. The thinnest dentin in the lingual site was marked as point a, and the corresponding dentin thickness was recorded. An OCT was used to scan the same spot and measure the dentin thickness. All data were subjected to Student’s t test and correlation and linear regression analysis. Results: The dentin thickness measured from OCT images was significantly larger than that obtained from Micro-CT(P=0.004),and a strong positive correlation was found between them (R2= 0.9877, P＜0.05). Conclusion: OCT system is a noninvasive tool for quantitatively measuring the thickness of dentin covering the pulp chamber. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Oral Irrigator on Improving Periodontal Health for Adult Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliance. XU Ying, LV Jin. 2016, 32(4): 405-407.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.022 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (775KB) ( 412 )   Objective: To explore the effect of oral irrigator as an auxiliary method on improving periodontal health in adult orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance. Methods: Fifty volunteers between 22 and 28 were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=25). The jas seal V6 electric oral irrigator and orthodontic toothbrush were used during orthodontic treatment in the treatment group, and only orthodontic toothbrush was used in the control group. Clinical periodontal indices, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of Ramfjoid index teeth were examined before orthodontic treatment and three months after treatment. Results: The periodontal indices had no difference between experimental and control groups before treatment (P>0.05). The periodontal indices in experimental group were obviously lower than those of control group after 3 months (P<0.05). Conclusion: The oral irrigator can reduce the plaque, and it should be used as an auxiliary method to prevent and control periodontitis in adult orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Fabrication Techniques and Cementation Methods on the Rentention of Cast Metal Post and Core. CHEN Ji-fen, DING Hong. 2016, 32(4): 408-411.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.023 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (791KB) ( 521 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of fabrication technique, cement type, and cementation procedure on rentention of cast metal post and core. Methods: Eighty intact single-rooted mandibular human premolars were selected. The clinical crown was removed at 2mm above the cementoenamel junction level. Each root was prepared to receive a cast metal post and core of 10mm in length and 1.5mm in diameter. Eighty specimens were divided into two groups according to fabrication technique (direct=40 and indirect=40). Each group was further subdivided into four groups according to the cementation type (zinc phosphate and glass ionomer), and cementation procedure (with and without lentulo spiral). All specimens were stored in physiological saline bath at 23℃ for 24 hours. Then the dowels were subjected to a constantly increasing tensile force in a universal Instron testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min until failure. Results: Cementation with lentulo spiral showed greater retentive force than that without lentulo spiral (P<0.05). Fabrication technique showed no significant effect on retentive force (P>0.05). The group cemented with zinc phosphate produced greater retentive force than that of the glass ionomer group. However, there was a close interaction among fabrication technique, cementation procedure and cement type (P<0.05). Conclusion: Fabrication technique does not affect the retentive force of cast metal post and core. Zinc phosphate cement was better than glass ionomer cement. The cementation procedure had a significant effect on retention. Thus, it is recommended that the lentulo spiral should be used in the cementation procedure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Changes and Correlation of Serum CRP and Urinary DPd Content in Patients at Different Stages of Oral Implant Repair. ZHANG Yan, YANG Li-li, ZHANG Zhi-yong, XU Jie. 2016, 32(4): 412-415.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.024 Abstract ( 220 )   PDF (947KB) ( 288 )   Objective: To study the changes and correlation of serum CRP and urine DPd content for different periods (1 day before operation, 1 month after operation, and six months after operation). Methods: Totally 86 cases of implant restoration in patients between 25-45 years old, without periodontitis and chronic disease, were enrolled in the study. The serum CRP and urine DPd of the patients 1 day before operation (A1 group), 1 month after the operation (A2 group) and half year after the operation (A3 group) were collected. Results: Compared with A1 group, serum CRP in A2 group was significantly increased while in A3 group showed a downward trend (P<0.05). The serum CRP level in A2 group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). Though the serum CRP level in A3 group was higher than A1 group, there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). As compared the levels of urinary DPd, A1 group was significant lower than A2 and A3 groups and the data of A2 group was the highest (P<0.05). There was statistical difference among three groups of the overall mean. Serum CRP was positively correlation with urinary DPd by statistical analysis (P<0.001). Conclusion: Serum CRP and urine DPd content would increase in the active stage of alveolar bone remodeling during the implant restoration process. There was a significant correlation between two indices. Serum CRP and urinary DPd could be regarded as an index reflecting alveolar bone resorption and remodeling References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Double Canals in Several Mandibular Incisors by CBCT: Two Cases Report. LI Si-yi, WU Li-an 2016, 32(4): 416-417.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.025 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (1296KB) ( 309 )   Mandibular incisors erupt earlier than maxillary incisors and are prone to dental trauma in children. Generally, mandibular incisors usually have single root and one canal. In this case report, two children are demonstrated double canals in four and two mandibular incisors examined by CBCT respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases. ZHAO Chen, HUA Hong, YAN Zhi-min. 2016, 32(4): 418-420.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.026 Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (784KB) ( 1138 )   As a new concept to maintain oral health, probiotics is drawing more and more attention in recent years. This article reviews the potential application of probiotics, both as a prophylactic and a therapeutic agent, in oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral candidiasis, halitosis, and oral cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fibroblast Growth Factors and Their Receptors Influence Tooth Development. LIANG Xin, WANG Ping. 2016, 32(4): 421-423.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.04.027 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (791KB) ( 410 )   Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) play an important role in the development of tissue and organ. This article mainly introduces the expression of FGFs and FGFRs in the epithelial and mesenchymal cells respectively and the role of FGFs/FGFRs signaling in the process of epithelial and mesenchymal interaction during tooth development. References | Related Articles | Metrics