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28 March 2016, Volume 32 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Impact of Fusobacterium Nucleatum and Porphyromonas Gingivalis Modulation on the Cell Cycle and Cytokines Production of KB Cells. WANG Qing-xuan, LIU Jun-chao, PAN Ya-ping 2016, 32(3): 211-215.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.001 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (1722KB) ( 343 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of P. gingivalis/F. nucleatum on the cell cycle and cytokines production of KB cells.Methods: In vitro models were established with KB cells co-cultured with P. gingivalis/F. nucleatum either alone or in combination. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observed invasive ability, the change of cell cycle of KB cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay. Results: Eight-hour co-infection with P. gingivalis/F. nucleatum slowed the cell cycle of KB cells, while eight-hour co-infection accelerated the cell cycle. The production of IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly up-regulated after co-infection with P. gingivalis/F. nucleatum in a time dependent and F. nucleatum density related manner. Conclusion: Combination of oral pathogens can stimulate tumorigenesis and inflammation response in OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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S1P/S1PR1 Regulates Chemotaxis of Osteoclast Precursors under Compressive Stress. FANG Jie, YE Xi, LI Yu-hong, HUANG Sheng-fu 2016, 32(3): 216-219.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.002 Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (4391KB) ( 330 )   Objective: To investigate the role of Sphingosine-1-phosphate/Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P/S1PR1) axis in regulating migration of osteoclast precursors under compressive stress. Methods: Compressed model was built in vitro. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SPHK1 and S1PR1 in Raw 264.7 cell lines under compressive stress were investigated with real-time PCR, Western-blotting and immunofluoresecence. The regulatory role of S1P/S1PR1 signaling on chemotaxis of Raw 264.7 cell lines under compressive stress was explored. Results: Under compressive force of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/cm2, SPHK1 and S1PR1 expressions and chemotaxis of Raw 264.7 cell lines were downregulated. And S1P/S1PR1 signaling functional antagonist FTY720 increased the chemotaxis of Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: S1P/S1PR1 axis regulates migration of osteoclast precursors under compressive stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of LPS on Expression of RANKL/OPG and IL-6 in Mouse Osteocytes in Vitro. YU Ke,WU Xiang-lan,LIU Wen-jia,WANG Hang 2016, 32(3): 220-223.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.003 Abstract ( 486 )   PDF (1004KB) ( 525 )   Objective: To observe the effects of LPS on the expression of RANKL/OPG and IL-6 in MLO-Y4 cells in vitro. Methods: Cells were stimulated with 5 mg/L LPS and the proliferation of the cells was observed at different time points (12, 24 and 48 h) by CCK-8. Then cells were stimulated with various concentrations of LPS (1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/L) and RT-PCR was performed to detect the relative expression of RANKL/OPG and IL-6 after 4 h and 1.5 h, respectively. Cells were stimulated with 100 μg/L LPS and relative expression of RANKL/OPG and IL-6 was detected at different time points (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h) or (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 4 h) respectively by RT-PCR. Results: There was no influence of LPS on the proliferation of MLO-Y4 cells. Relative expression of RANKL and IL-6 was significantly up-regulated in MLO-Y4 cells stimulated with 100, 500 and 1000 μg/L LPS, respectively. When stimulated with 100 μg/L LPS, relative expression of RANKL and IL-6 was up-regulated at all time points except 0.5 h, and RANKL reached peak at 4 h, while IL-6 at 1.5 h. There was no influence of LPS on relative expression of OPG in all samples. Conclusion: Expression of RANKL and IL-6 was up-regulated in MLO-Y4 cells in the presence of a certain concentration of LPS, however, OPG was not intervened. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Canonical Wnt Signalling Pathway on the Osteogenic Differentiation and Proliferation of PDLCs. LIAO Hai-qing, CAO Zheng-guo 2016, 32(3): 224-227.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.004 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (1547KB) ( 413 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of canonical Wnt signalling pathway on the osteogenic osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Methods: HPDLCs were obtained through in vitro culture combined with enzyme digestion method and tissue pieces culture method. The existence of canonical Wnt signalling pathway was examined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Lithium chloride (LiCl) was applied during osteogenesis, and both Alizarin red staining and Alkaline phosphatase activity detection were used to investigate influence of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs．CCK-8 assay was performed to study the effect of activated canonical Wnt signalling pathway on the proliferation of PDLCs. Results: The expression of canonical Wnt signaling pathway conponents were strongly expressed in PDLCs. Negative effects of canonical Wnt signaling pathway on osteoblast differentiation were proved by Alizarin red staining and Alkaline phosphatase activity detection (P<0.01). CCK-8 assay also showed the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling pathway on the proliferation of PDLCs. Conclusion: Activation of canonical Wnt pathway may inhibit the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of PDLCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sustain-released Gelatin Microspheres Loaded with CGRP/SP for Repairing Bone Defect of Osteoporosis Rabbits. LIU Wei, CHEN Jie, HU Kai-jin, ZHANG Lin-lin, DING Yu-xiang 2016, 32(3): 228-233.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.005 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (6512KB) ( 652 )   Objective: To evaluate the impact of sustain-released gelatin microspheres loaded with CGRP/SP on the osteogenesis of the bone defect in osteoporosis rabbits. Methods: New Zealand white rabbit model was established by ovariectomy. The DEXA was used to detect the rabbits lumbar vertebrae BMD. Sustain-released gelatin microspheres loaded with 10-6mol/L, 10-8mol/L and 10-10mol/L of CGRP/SP were prepared via emulsion cross-linking method. Twenty-four rabbit models were randomly assigned to receive sustain-released gelatin microspheres loaded with different concentrations of CGRP/SP into the bone defects. The release in vitro within 1 month was measured by ELISA method. The rabbits were killed 3 months after the implanting to evaluate the impact of osteogenesis. Results: Gelatin microspheres loaded with CGRP/SP had better effect than the blank control group. The effect reaches the best when the concentration of SP was 10-6mol/L and CGRP was 10-8mol/L. And the effect reached the best when the concentration of SP and CGRP was 10-6mol/L. Conclusion: Gelatin microspheres loaded with CGRP/SP could improve the new bone formation significantly in contrast to the blank control group. Higher concentration was better. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Anti-STAT3 shRNA on Dendritic Cell Maturation and Corresponding Targeted Anti-caries DNA Vaccine Construction. LIU Miao-miao, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Si, FAN Ming-wen, GUO Ji-hua 2016, 32(3): 234-238.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.006 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (1962KB) ( 280 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of anti-STAT3 shRNA on dendritic cell maturation and to construct an anti-careis DNA vaccine carrying anti-STAT3 shRNA to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccination. Methods: Dendritic cell line DC2.4 was infected by lentivirus containing shRNA targeting mouse STAT3. Total cellular protein was collected to detect expression level of STAT3 by western blot. CD40, CD80 and CD86 of DC2.4 were analyzed by FACS. LPS was used after infection to stimulate DC maturation. Anti-careis DNA vaccine carrying anti-STAT3 shRNA was constructed by cloning shRNA fragment into DC target anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJA-P/VAX. The efficiency of its inhibition on STAT3 expression was confirmed in HEK-293 cells. Results: Expression of STAT3 decreased in DC2.4 infected by lentivirus containing shRNA targeting STAT3. The expression levels of CD40, CD80 and CD86 of DC2.4 increased upon STAT3 knockdown, which were further up-regulated after the stimulation of LPS. Anti-caries DNA vaccine with anti-STAT3 shRNA could inhibit STAT3 expression. Conclusion: Lentiviral mediated shRNA interference targeting STAT3 could inhibit the STAT3 expression level of DC2.4 and increase the expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules and the maturation of dendritic cells. Anti-caries DNA vaccine against STAT3 was constructed successfully. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Rat Bone Marrow Stem Cells Co-transfected with bFGF/BMP2 to Differentiate into Teeth in Vivo. ZHANG Yue, HU Yang, SHEN Yu-feng, SHAN Jian-liang, HE Yu-tong,HE Hui-yu 2016, 32(3): 239-243.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.007 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (2494KB) ( 256 )   Objective: To investigate the ability of heterogeneous tooth tissue engineering (HTTE) which was established by germ cells co-cultured with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) co-transfected with fibroblast growth factor bFGF/BMP-2 to differentiate into teeth through integrally implanted in rats. Methods: 128 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the cell pellet group, gelatin sponge group, cell clumps + gelatin sponge group, and control group. The HTTE was implanted in the renal subcapsular of rats under general anesthesia. Samples were collected after 5, 10, 14, and 28 days and each group included 8 samples. Gross tissue observation, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results: Histological gross observation and Masson staining indicated that there was dental tissue formed in the cell clumps + gelatin sponge group. Factorial analysis showed that, at each time point, the expression of cell clumps + gelatin sponge group reached the peak and was significantly higher than those of other groups. Then, the expression level declined. The difference was statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mixing culture of germ cells and gene co-transfected BMSCs seeded on the gelatin sponge could form tooth-like organization, which might lay a certain foundation to construct the tissue engineering teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Tooth Tissue-Bone Complex-Type Structure Formed in Vivo by Rat Odontogenic Cells Combined with nHAC/PLA Scaffold. ZHAO Zheng, LIU Hong-chen, HUANG Zheng-nan, E Ling-ling, YANG Hai-qing 2016, 32(3): 244-248.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.008 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (4318KB) ( 211 )   Objective: To investigate the capability of tooth tissue-bone complex-like structure in vivo formed by rDECs+rDMCs-nHAC/PLA compounds induced by different growth factors. 〖WT5”HZ〗Methods: Rat dental epithelial cells (rDECs)and rat dental mesenchymal cells (rDMCs) were isolated, cultured and identified.The cell-scaffold compounds were transplanted into athymic mice subcutaneously and taken out after 3 or 5 months. The capability of tooth tissue-bone complex-like structure formed by the graftswas detected. Results: BothrDECs and rDMCscould be isolated, cultured and identified.After 3 months, the osteoid, new bone and blood vessel were found in group 1 to 3. The osteogenesis in group2 (TGF-β1+BMP4)was most powerful. There were only a few collagen fibers and blood vessels in the control (group 4). After 5 months, tooth root-like structure without pulp cavity was seen in group 1 and 3. In group 2, new bone and tooth-type tissueswere formed. Ameloblastin and CAP were expressed positively in emailloid and cementoid tissues respectively. In group 4, there was new bone but no tooth-like structure. Conclusion: The most powerful way that affects theosteogenesis and tooth-forming forrDECs+rDMCs-nHAC/PLA grafts is TGF-β1+BMP4. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Lactoferrin on Promoting Bone Regeneration during Distraction Osteogenesis. ZHAO Rui, LI Wen-yang, HU Jing 2016, 32(3): 249-252.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.009 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (2194KB) ( 180 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of lactoferrin (LF) on distraction osteogenesis (DO). Methods: Forty New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish the DO animal model, and randomly divided into control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=20). At the beginning of distraction, the rabbits were daily administrated by gavage with LF (85 mg/kg) in experimental group, while 0.9% physiological saline (1 mL/kg) in control group. At the 8th week after finishing the distraction, animals were euthanatized, and the samples were collected and preceded to the X-ray, micro-CT, histological, and biomechanical examinations. Results: The radio-density of experimental group was much higher than that of control group. In addition, LF treatment increased the microstructure and mechanical strength of the newly formed bone. Conclusion: LF could promote the bone regeneration during the process of DO. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Alendronate sAium and Collagen Type I Complex Films of Nano-hydroxyapatite Surface on Osteoblasts Morphology and Proliferation. JIANG Yan, YAO Jiang-Wu 2016, 32(3): 253-256.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.010 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (1408KB) ( 248 )   Objective: To investigate osteoblast adhesion, growth and proliferation on the alendronate sAium (ALN) and collagen type I (COL I) coated nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) surface. Methods: nHA layer, nHA/ALN complex film, nHA/COL I complex film, nHA/ALN/COL I complex film, and nHA/COL I/ALN complex film were established. Osteoblasts were cultured on the films for 7 days and 14 days. The morphology of osteoblast was observed by SEM and the cell proliferation was determined by WST-1 assay, respectively. Results: The results revealed that nHA/ALN/COL I and nHA/COL I/ALN complex films accelerated osteoblasts growth and proliferation rate (P<0.05). The osteoblasts showed fully extended morphology combined with numerous pseudopodia and microvilli structure by directly contact to the collagen layer. Conclusion: ALN and COL I exhibited synergistic effect in accelerating adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. The nHA/ALN/COL I complex film benefited osteoblast adhesion and differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Wnt10b and RANKL in the Pressure Site of Periodontal Tissue under Orthodontic Force. WANG Ying, WANG Lan-zhu, HAN Bo, WU Ming-ming, ZHANG Miao-miao 2016, 32(3): 257-260.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.011 Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 327 )   Objective: To investigate the changes of RANKL and wnt10b in the periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: 〖WT5”BZ〗Forty two healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the application loaded time points of 0h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 5d, 7d, and 14d. The group of 0h served as control and the Nickel-titanium closed-coils springs were used to produce 50g power to drag the first molars mesially. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technology was used to detect the expression of Wnt10b and RANKL. Results: 〖WT5”BZ〗RANKL and Wnt10b were both expressed in the pressure site in comparison with the control group according to the results of the RT-PCR. The expression of wnt10b mRNA was suppressed at the early stage, then increased, and reached the peak after 5-7 days. It returned to the normal level after 14 days. The expression of RANKL elevated at first, then peaked after 5-7 days, and decreased. Conclusion: 〖WT5”BZ〗Wnt10b and RANKL participated in periodontal tissue remodeling under the action of the orthodontic force. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Nd:YAG Laser Etching on the Bonding Strength of Titanium to Porcelain. HUANG Ting, GOU Shi-ran, ZHANG Fan, ZHENG Li-ge 2016, 32(3): 261-265.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.012 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (2949KB) ( 247 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser treatment on the microstructure and bonding strength of titanium to porcelain. Methods: Thirty non-cast titanium strips were rubbed by silicon carbide sandpaper under running water, and then divided into three groups (Group A to C, 10 strips per group) randomly. Group A was sandblasted. Group B was Nd:YAG laser irradiated at 20A for 15s. Group C was Nd:YAG laser irradiated at 20A for 30s. Microstructural and chemical analyses were performed by means of SEM and EDS. After surface treatment, low-fusing porcelain was applied on the titanium specimens according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Bonding strength was measured by a three-point bending tester according to ISO9693. SEM and EDS analyses were also performed for one specimen of each group after the shear bond strength test to evaluate the nature of the fracture surface. Results: There was difference in the surface morphology and the phase components of three groups. Group C produced the highest bond strength among three groups (P<0.001). The bond strength of group B was higher than that of group A (P<0.05), which was also significantly lower than that of group C (P<0.05). Bonding strength of group B and group C were higher than the minimum requirement of ISO 9693. Conclusion: Laser treatment may be an alternative method to sandblasting for enhancing the bonding strength of low-fusing porcelain to titanium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress Analysis of Tunnel Preparation of Maxillary Premolars. WANG Xia-xia, MA Yan-zhao, CHEN Hong, MA Xiao, CHEN Zhi 2016, 32(3): 266-267.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.013 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (2248KB) ( 250 )   Objective: To analyze the stress distribution and failure risk of tunnel-prepared maxillary premolars with different marginal ridge heights and restorative materials. Methods: The 3D models of tunnel-prepared maxillary premolars with marginal ridge height 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3.5mm were created. The restorative materials were resin-based composite (CR) and resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC). A vertical load of 100N was applied at the contact areas of normal occlusion. Stress distribution of enamel, dentin and restorations were calculated and failure risks were evaluated separately. Results: Among different marginal ridge height, the value of Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion (MCFC) was the lowest in 2.5mm height. Among different restorative materials, the value of MCFC was lower in tunnel preparation restored with resin composite than that with glass-ionomer cement. Conclusion: Tunnel preparation with 2.5mm of marginal ridge and restored with resin composite exhibited better mechanical properties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Condylar and Ramus Asymmetry in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Evaluated with Cone-beam Computed Tomography. XING Fei-fei, ZHANG Xi-zhong, WEI Zhi-qiang 2016, 32(3): 269-271.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.014 Abstract ( 200 )   PDF (853KB) ( 256 )   Objective: To evaluate condylar and ramus mandibular vertical asymmetry of patients affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Methods: The study included an experimental group of 25 UCLP patients and a control group of 25 healthy subjects. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken. Measurements of mandibular condyle, ramus and condyle plus ramus heights were analyzed, as well as asymmetry indices. Paired samples t test and an independent t test of the measurements were performed using SPSS 17.0. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the normal and cleft sides in the condyle height and condyle plus ramus height in the UCLP group. The independent t test showed a statistically significant difference between the cleft group and the control group in condyle plus ramus height and asymmetry index values. Conclusion: The condyle height and condyle plus ramus height were significantly lower in the cleft side in the UCLP patients, demonstrating vertical asymmetry. There was significant difference in condyle plus ramus height and asymmetry index between UCLP patients and the control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Diversity of Salivary Microbial of Adult Dental Caries Based on 16S Ribosomal RNA Clone Library. LI Jun-ping, WU Fang, WANG Zhen-zhen, WANG Yi-bin, ZHOU Jian-ye, LI Zhi-qiang, YU Zhan-hai 2016, 32(3): 272-277.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.015 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (1966KB) ( 290 )   Objective: To discuss the difference of saliva microbial structure between the caries-active and caries-free adult population. Methods: According to the WHO sampling standard, 6 saliva samples were collected with 3 caries-active (CA) subjects and 3 caries-free (CF) subjects. DNA of the saliva samples was extracted and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone library was constructed. The positive clones were sequenced and analyzed by software. The phylogenetic tree was built by MEGA 4.0. Results: A total of 87 OTUs were obtained and all of the OTUs were devided into 5 phyla, 9 classes, 10 orders, 14 families and 19 genera. The dominant genera in CA group included: Streptococcus (53.16%), Prevotella (28.77%) and Granulicatella (9.34%). The dominant genera in CF group included: Streptococcus (46.12%), Prevotella (23.41%) and Neisseria (14.35%). Conclusion: As 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone library method has already matured, it can be used to study oral microbial community structure. There are differences between the Han caries-active and caries-free population. The specific mechanism of the dominant genera in CA needs further research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional Role of Rho Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632 on Proliferation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. YU Tian-yao, PAN Shuang, HE Li-na, LI Yan-ping, ZHANG Lin, NIU Yu-mei 2016, 32(3): 278-281.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.016 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (1121KB) ( 215 )   Objective: To study the influence of Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells. Methods: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were seeded in plates，then divided randomly into two groups: cultured with or without Y-27632. Cellular proliferation was determined by DAPI staining and MTT assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Results: After 24, 48, 72 and 96h of cultivation, the optical density (OD) in the Y-27632 treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Moreover, the peak time during proliferation was earlier in the treat group. After 48h cultured, compared with the control group, the DAPI staining showed that the proportion of total cells was significantly increased in the Y-27632 treated group. The FCM results indicated that (66.8±6.84)% of the hDPSCs were in G0/G1 phase (25.17±0.62)% in S phase. After Y-27632 treatment, (58.59±1.76)% of the hDPSCs were in G0/G1 phase (31.34±1.16)% in S phase. The cell proliferation during S phase was significantly higher after stimulation by Y-27632 than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Inactivation of Rho kinase in the hDPSCs by inhibitor Y-27632 led more hDPSCs to entering into the DNA synthesis stage and promoted the division and proliferation of hDPSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Gingival Invagination after Tooth Extraction and Orthodontic Treatment. XU Geng-chi,ZHANG Xiao-bo, MOU Lan,HAN Yao-hui,GE Zhen-lin 2016, 32(3): 282-284.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.017 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1112KB) ( 353 )   Objective: To investigate the factors of gingival invagination and provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: 87 cases were chosen from edgewise fixed appliance cases who had premolars removed. Among them, 65 cases who had gingival invagination on one side (experimental group) and no gingival invagination (control group) on the other side were selected. CBCT measurement was used to compare the alveolar bone width, height, the changes of bone mineral density, and the correlation of gingival invagination on both sides. The correlation of alveolar bone atrophy to the gingival invagination was also studied. Results: Gingival invagination was severe in the mandible than in the maxilla. The periodontal depth was deeper in the mandibular teeth than in the maxillary teeth. The height, width and density of alveolar bone in the experimental group decreased greater than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Gingival invagination was correlated to the change of alveolar bone width, height and bone mineral density. The alveolar bone resorption during the space closing and the loss of soft tissue support may be the anatomical factors associated with gingival invagination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of O-GlcNAc on the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transitios of Facial Process in the Development of Upper Lip. PIAO Zheng-guo, SEOK-KEE Baik, ZOU Rui, HYE-JIN Tak, SANG-HWY Lee 2016, 32(3): 285-289.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.018 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (6827KB) ( 231 )   Objective: To explore the influence of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine on the epithelial mesenchymal transition of facial process in the development of upper lip. Methods: By transplanting beads into the upper lip of chicken embryo which contained O-GlcNAc promoter OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase), O-GlcNAc inhibitor OGA (O-GlcNAcase) or OGA inhibitor STZ (streptozoticin), the over/lower-expression of O-GlcNAc chicken were constructed. After 24h prototypical analysis of skeletal and morphological changes was performed using Alizarin red/Alcian blue method. Fibronectin and P63 were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results: Overexpression of O-GlcNAc led to bone defect in the area of upper lip, and P63 and fibronectin were detected frequently constitutively activated during the development of upper lip, which led to delay and obstacle of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. While there were no serious abnormalities noted on the normal group and the lower-expression group. Conclusion: Overexpression of O-GlcNAc may lead to delay and obstacle of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which may influence the development of upper lip and may lead to cleft lip. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of in vitro Labeling Human Stem Cells from Deciduous Pulp by CM-DiI. LIU Fei, LIU Yang, DAI Shan-shan, GUO Qing-yu 2016, 32(3): 290-293.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.019 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (3720KB) ( 235 )   Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of in vitro labeling human stem cells from deciduous pulp by CM-DiI. Methods: Enzyme tissue block method was used to culture human stem cells from pulp of deciduous teeth, and the biological characteristics of cells were identified. The third passage cells were labeled by 2μg/mL, 3μg/mL and 4μg/mL, respectively. The release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), proliferation and labeling rate were detected in vitro. Results: Human stem cells from deciduous pulp were harvested by enzyme tissue block method and immunohistochemistry staining confirmed the cells were derived from mesenchymal tissue, rather than from the epithelial tissue. Abilities of adipogenic and osteogenic/odontoblasts differentiation were verified after being induced. These three concentrations showed no significant adverse effect on cell proliferation and the release of LDH. Fluorescence intensity gradually decreased in vitro. Conclusion: The application of labeling human stem cells from pulp of deciduous teeth by CM-DiI is convenient and effective. 3μg/mL is the optimal concentration for labeling in the present study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of C-shaped Root Canals in Mandibular Second Molars in Uyghur Adults by Cone-beam Computed Tomography. LIANG Xue-ping, ZHANG Yang-yang, SUN Yu-liang, DAI Yong-gang, ZHAO Jin 2016, 32(3): 294-296.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.020 Abstract ( 220 )   PDF (1235KB) ( 221 )   Objective: To evaluate the anatomical structure of C-shaped root canals in the mandibular second in Uyghur adults by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to investigate the prevalence of C-shaped canal in the mandibular second molars. Methods: The root canal shapes of the mandibular second molars of 100 Uyghur adults were studied on CBCT images. The incidence of the C-shaped root canals in mandibular second molars and the anatomical features of the C-shaped root canals were analyzed. Results: C-shaped root canals were found in 15% of the mandibular second molars in Uyghur adults. The patterns of C-shaped canals varied greatly. Conclusion: The incidence of C-shaped canals of the mandibular second molars in Uyghur adults is relatively high. The C-shaped canals vary greatly in their anatomical patterns. CBCT is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of C-shsped root canals in Uyghur adults. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation on the Measurements of Palatal Bone Thickness between Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Cephalometry. LIU Cheng-ling, WANG Jun, REN Wei-ping, ZHOU Rui, LI Zhen-ya 2016, 32(3): 297-300.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.021 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1176KB) ( 208 )   Objective: To study the correlation of measurements of the palatal bone thickness between cone-beamcomputed tomography and cephalometry. Methods: Both CBCT images and cephalograms of 31 malocclusion patients were taken. Measurements in the anterior-posterior dimension were obtained from the touch point between the first and second premolars to the touch point between the first and second molars of bilateral maxillary. On CBCT images, the eccentric distance wasset from 1.5mm to 10mm. SPSS19 was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the P1P2 and P2 areas, the CBCT measurements of palatal bone thickness at both 1.5mm and 5mm off-center were significantly less than the cephalometric measurements. Measurement on CBCT images at 10mm off-centerandon cephalograms did not differ significantly in any areas. Both the CBCT and cephalometry measurements of palatal bone thickness at every eccentric distance declined from P1P2 to M1M2 in the anterior-posterior dimension. Conclusion: The measurements of the palatal bone thickness on CBCT and cephalometry were the closest at 10mm off-center. In the P1P2 area, it was relatively safe to embed mini-implants in the palatal bone at 5mm and 7.5mm off-center. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of PEN-loading Oligodeoxynucleotide on the Cell Cycle and Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblastic Cells. LOU Yi-xin, ZHENG Yi, SHEN Yu-qin, CUI Ye, SUN Han, SUN Xin-hua 2016, 32(3): 301-304.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.022 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (834KB) ( 213 )   Objective: To adopt a new vector PEN-loading ODN and evaluate its effects on the cell cycle and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic cells. Methods: Different ratios of MT01/PEN complex were transfected into MG63 cells, while MT01 and S-MT01 were negative controls. After that, the cell cycle, ALP activity, and the expression levels of BMP2 and OCN were detected. Results: In MT01/PEN group, cell percentages in Gl and G2 phase were decreased, while that in S phase was increased (P<0.01). Meanwhile, ALP activity was increased (P<0.01), and the expression of OCN and BMP2 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of PEN as a carrier of ODN could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MG63 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Color Measurements and Analysis of the Anterior Teeth of Young and Middle-Aged People in Liaoyang. QU Yun-peng, REN Li-li, LIU Jian-guo 2016, 32(3): 305-307.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.023 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (763KB) ( 188 )   Objective: To study the color distribution of natural anterior teeth crowns of the young and middle-aged in Liaoyang and to provide the information for color-matching in prosthetic dentistry. Methods: The study consisted of 142 people aged from 28 to 45 years and born in Liaoyang. A total of 852 healthy anterior teeth were measured with a fiber-optical spectrophotometery system. Results: The L values of cervical, middle and incisal parts of upper center incisors were （72.57±6.34）, （74.52±5.60） and （67.29±6.08）, respectively. Those of the upper lateral incisors were （66.86±6.50）, （69.44±8.62） and （63.12±7.01）, respectively. Those of the upper canines were （60.52±11.70）, （61.42±9.20） and （54.12±8.37）, respectively. Conclusion: Among upper anterior teeth of young and middle-aged people in Liaoyang，the L values decreased from upper central incisor to cuspid teeth, but the a and b values increased. The colors in different areas of teeth were variable. In middle 1/3, the L values were the highest, but the a and b values were lower; the L, a and b values in cervical 1/3 were higher than those in incisal 1/3. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of GBR Membrane. MA Shi-qing, ZHANG Xu, SUN Ying-chun, GAO Ping 2016, 32(3): 308-310.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.024 Abstract ( 463 )   PDF (750KB) ( 1685 )   Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an effective therapy to promote bone regeneration. GBR membrane, the central issue of GBR field, is one of the main factors to determine the clinical effect. In bone tissue regeneration, GBR membrane not only plays the effect of a physical barrier membrane, but also can protect local blood clots, aggregate bone factors and conduct bone tissue. This article discussed the mechanism of membrane guided bone regeneration, the preparation and classification of GBR membrane and the development trend of the GBR membrane. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Pearl/nacer in Bone Tissue Repair. MAO Qiu-hua, XU Pu 2016, 32(3): 311-333.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.03.025 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (752KB) ( 315 )   Objective: To review the research progress of pearl/nacer and its application in bone tissue engineering. Methods: The literature concerning pearl/nacer and its application was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results: Pearl/nacer powder was natural organic and inorganic composite material, which had certain osteogenesis and could be used as bone tissue engineering scaffold material. While nanometer pearl/nacer powder had better biodegradability and osteogenesis. Conclusion: Pearl/nacer has potential application prospect in bone tissue engineering. Further study needs to prepare bone repair material in accordance with the requirement of clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics