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The Challenges, Key Factors and Progress of Periodontal Regeneration Therapy YAN Fuhua, YUAN Zhiyao Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (6): 473-478.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.001 Abstract （352）      PDF （1036KB）（476）       The ultimate goal of periodontal disease treatment is to achieve periodontal tissue regeneration. However, it is difficult to achieve a true periodontal regeneration. Increasing the clinical predictability of periodontal regeneration and restoring the structure and function of cementum-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex remain great challenges. This article provides a brief overview of the challenges faced in periodontal regeneration treatment and explores the possible solutions based on the key elements of periodontal regeneration and recent research progress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D Printed Individual Titanium Mesh in Bone Augmentation in Dental Implant Region WANG Zhiying Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 383-387.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.001 Abstract （274）      PDF （1188KB）（371）       As a shield membrane of GBR, 3D printed individual titanium mesh(3D-PITM) has the advantage of good space maintaining for bone reconstruction and predictable horizontal and vertical bone augmentation. This article reviews the application of 3D-PITM by discussing thickness, porosity, osteogenic property, design and fabrication, surgical method, complications, comparision of contour of postoperative new bone and pre-operative bone expected, and the influence factors, prevention and treatment of titanium mesh exposure. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Progress of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Diagnosis, Treatment, and Soft Tissue Prediction LIU Jiayi, ZHOU Yanheng Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (10): 862-865.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.002 Abstract （235）      PDF （825KB）（454）       In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence in the field of orthodontics is increasing, and many artificial intelligence models are applied to orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, prognosis prediction, etc. The research shows that the application of artificial intelligence in orthodontics can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment with high accuracy, but there are also problems such as insufficient data, single sample source, poor interpretability of artificial intelligence model, etc. This review intends to provide an overview of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence models used in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and facial profile prediction after orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery, so as to comprehensively understand the status of artificial intelligence in orthodontics and provide reference for relevant research and clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Socket Shield Technique Combined with Digital Impressions for Immediate Dental Implant Placement in the Aesthetic Zone:A Case Report WANG Yao, XIAO Xing, WANG Hua Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 460-462.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.016 Abstract （234）      PDF （3148KB）（189）       A case of socket shield technique for immediate dental implant placement in the aesthetic zone is reported. The osseointegration was observed after 3 months. Then, digital impression was got by Aoralscan 2 intraoral scanner, and customized abutment and ceramic crown were manufactured. During the follow-up of 1 year, steady osseointegration was acquired, as well as natural hard and soft tissue contour. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential and Challenges of Generative AI in Oral Medicine SU Liwen, WU Yang Journal of Oral Science Research    2024, 40 (1): 11-17.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.003 Abstract （225）      PDF （998KB）（253）       As an essential branch of artificial intelligence (AI), generative AI has made significant progress in various domains in recent years. In the field of medicine, generative AI is also believed to hold tremendous potential for application. However, with the continuous development of this technology, it becomes imperative to address the ethical challenges and risks associated with it. This paper aims to explore generative AI, particularly the technology based on large language models (LLM), and provide valuable insights for further harnessing its potential in oral medicine research, clinical practice, and education. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deep Learning-based Point Cloud Completion Network for Restoration of Calcified Root Canals in Maxillary Molars WEN Jiahuan, FU Yujie, REN Genqiang, CHEN Yufei, ZHANG Qi Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 455-459.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.015 Abstract （186）      PDF （2316KB）（248）       Objective: To train a deep learning-based point cloud completion network by simulated calcified root canal samples for restoration of calcified canals in upper and middle thirds in maxillary molars. Methods: Two hundred maxillary molars (with complete pulp cavities and three root canals) were collected and scanned by Micro-CT to obtain 200 samples of 3D model of the pulp. The pulp morphology was edited using Mimics software to simulate the calcified root canals in upper and middle thirds of maxillary molars. The paired data of complete pulp and simulated calcified pulp were used as training samples for the point cloud completion network. A dataset containing 200 samples was produced, which was divided into 180 sets as the training set and the remaining 20 sets as test set. In the testing stage, the output results were grid processed through the reverse engineering software, and then compared with the ground truth for morphology evaluation. Results: The DSC between the prediction model and the ground truth was (86.80±1.32)%, the ASSD was (0.04±0.02) mm, and the HD was (0.28±0.05) mm. Conclusion: The predicted results are highly similar with the ground truth and the deviation of shape difference is small. The deep learning-based point cloud completion network can restore the calcified canals in upper and middle thirds in maxillary molars with good completion effect. It can provide a pre-theoretical basis for subsequent artificial intelligence-assisted calcified root canal treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Periodontitis Aggravating Rheumatoid Arthritis by Flora LIU Rong, YANG Kun Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 392-395.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.003 Abstract （183）      PDF （806KB）（214）       Periodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disease with multifactorial involvement caused by plaque microorganisms. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic immune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destroy in joint tissues. Both diseases share similarities in pathological processes and mechanisms of tissue destruction, including bone destruction, soft tissue inflammation, and the influence of the same environmental factors etc. In recent years, increasing attention has been put on the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in systemic diseases, where periodontal pathogenic bacteria may enter the intestine through swallowing to affect gut microecology. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota can further aggravate the development of arthritis. The purpose of this review is to reveal the possible effects of gut microbiota on interactions between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis through the gut microbiota, as well as the related mechanism. Hopefully, this review will identify new insights on the relationship between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Mechanical Stimulation on Biological Behavior of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells WANG Xiaoli, AN Xiaoli Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 396-401.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.004 Abstract （180）      PDF （1917KB）（220）       Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have great potential in the treatment of periodontal diseases and other tissue regeneration fields, and the study of their biological behavior is helpful to the development of regenerative medicine. Mechanical stimuli such as mechanical stress, matrix surface morphology, and elasticity not only affect the proliferation and migration of PDLSCs, but also have the potential to induce the differentiation of PDLSCs into bone, tendon, myocardium, cornea, and other somatic cells, and this process is regulated by the time dimension. In addition, the perception of PDLSCs to mechanical stimuli also has memory. PDLSCs can retain the mechanical information in the past culture environment and affect the direction of their future differentiation. Current studies have confirmed that mechanical stimulation signals of PDLSCs can be transmitted into cells through integrins and ion channels to regulate cell behavior. In this paper, the effects of mechanical stimulation on the biological behavior of PDLSCs are reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for the regulation of PDLSCs differentiation in tissue engineering. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Removable Partial Denture for Patient with Limited Mouth Opening with the Aid of Digital Technology JIANG Zhongwei, YANG Beining, ZHANG Fan, WANG Jiawei Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 466-468.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.018 Abstract （180）      PDF （3988KB）（153）       This paper reports on the digital restoration procedure of removable partial denture for a partially edentulous patient with limited mouth opening. The traditional tray impressions were difficult to complete for this patient. A digital intraoral scan was used to obtain digital impressions of the intraoral soft and hard tissues, and a computer-aided design and 3D printing technique were used to manufacture the diagnostic denture. The diagnostic denture was used to make final impressions and occlusal relationships and selective laser melting technology was used to produce a metal framework. The patient was satisfied with the restorative. This case provides a new way of thinking about the restorative process for partially edentulous patients with limited mouth opening. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modified Free Gingival Graft for Widening Keratinized Mucosa at Peri-implant Area: a Case Report LI Xiaoyu, CAI Qing, GONG Hao, SUN Yuyan, ZHANG Ni, MENG Weiyan Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 463-465.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.017 Abstract （172）      PDF （3305KB）（184）       The deficiency of keratinized mucosa is a common situation in the edentulous posterior mandibular area. This case report has rebuilt the sufficient width of keratinized mucosa in the peri-implant area with a modified free gingival graft surgery and kept the long-term health of the peri-implant tissue. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements in Application of Copper Death in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Cancer WANG Chenchen, XU Yu Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (9): 771-774.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.002 Abstract （170）      PDF （812KB）（480）       Oral cancer is the sixth most frequently occurring type of cancer in the world, whose incidence is on the rise in China. How to alleviate patients'pain and improve their prognosis through effective treatment is an issue worthy of our research and discussion. Recent research has identified a copper-dependent form of cell death known as 'cuprotosis'. Copper binds directly to the lipid acylated fraction involved in mitochondrial respiration, contributing to the aggregation of lipidated proteins and the reduction of iron-sulphur cluster proteins, resulting in a proteotoxic response that leads to cell death. Because abnormalities of copper homeostasis in the body can affect the growth of tumour cells, the efficacy of copper homeostasis in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies has attracted much attention in recent years. This paper briefly describes three copper-mediated anti-tumour mechanisms and a variety of novel copper complexes involved in solving clinical problems in oral malignancies. We hope that this will provide a reference for the clinical management of oral cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of Pulpotomy in Permanent Teeth: from Fundamental to Clinical Application LANG Xuelian, HU Tao Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (10): 866-870.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.003 Abstract （170）      PDF （849KB）（428）       Pulpotomy is the routine of vital pulp therapy. Based on the theory of minimally invasive endodontics (MIE), the physiological function of soft and hard tissues can be preserved to the maximum extent. In order to ensure the clinical prognosis of pulpotomy, this article reviewed the basic and clinical literature of pulpotomy in recent years and summarized the clinical operating procedures, with hope to provide some references for future clinical practice and research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomical Relationship Between Mandibular Median Lingual Canal, Mandibular Accessory Canal, and Mandibular Incisor Neural Tube with CBCT Imaging YU Hongbin, QIAN Shibing, LIU Chaofeng, XIA Zhigang, GAO Yage, ZHANG Lingpeng Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 440-444.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.012 Abstract （168）      PDF （1438KB）（176）       Objective: To clarify the course of vascular neural network system in the mandibular anterior teeth. Methods: The data of 104 cases of CBCT were retrospectively studied. The relationship between mandibular median lingual canal, mandibular accessory canal, mandibular buccal canal, and mandibular incisor neural tube was observed. Inclusion criteria were: when multiple cross-sectional images such as sagittal section, coronal section, horizontal section, arbitrary section, and curved section were read, the presence of mandibular incisor neural tube, mandibular median lingual canal, and mandibular accessory canal or mandibular buccal canal could be clearly observed. Results: (1) The median lingual canal of mandible communicated with the neural tube of mandibular incisors in 15 cases. Neural tube communication of bilateral mandibular incisors was observed in 22 cases. There were 104 cases of sublingual or buccal canal communicating with mandibular incisor neural tube, with a total of 184 branches. Conclusion: (1) The mandibular incisor nerve can send out several small branches on the buccalingual bone surface of the corresponding tooth position, such as premolars, canines, and incisors. The running channels of these small branches are the mandibular accessory canal and the mandibular buccalateral canal. (2) The median lingual canal of the mandible is a pipe from the lingual side of the mandible to the interior, which tends to disappear. It is not connected with the neural tube of the mandible incisor, and in some cases, it is anastomosed with the nerve of the mandible incisor or runs through the mandible. (3) The median lingual canal of the mandible is not a small branch from the mandible body to the bone surface issued by the neural tube of the mandible incisor, but a path from the soft tissue to the mandible body issued by the branch from the vascular and nerve bundle of the mouth floor. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Research Status of Attached Gingival Widening JING Xueqin, MIAO Hui Journal of Oral Science Research    2024, 40 (2): 97-102.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.02.001 Abstract （163）      PDF （845KB）（111）       Attached gingiva and free gingiva are continuous, both of which are keratinized epithelium, and they are collectively called keratinized gingiva. Attached gingival is tightly attached to alveolar bone, tough texture, strong resistance, and has important significance for periodontal health. Clinically, insufficient or missing attached gingival may cause a series of problems. For example, during chewing, the gingival margin is separated from the dental surface after being rubbed or pulled by muscles, which leads to food residues entering the gingival sulci and causing periodontal destruction. In addition, the edge of the prosthesis and implant will cause pain during mastication. For removable partial denture, it will also affect denture design and patient wearing, and affect the quality of patients life. It can be seen that the deficiency or absence of attached gingival has become a common problem faced by periodontal, prosthesis, implant and other disciplines. For its treatment, there are two main types of methods: autologous soft tissue transplantation and biological replacement materials. The purpose of this review is to explore the characteristics of various therapeutic modalities, provide theoretical basis for clinical work, and provide reference for further research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The S3 Level Clinical Diagnosis and Practice Guideline of Stage Ⅳ Severe Periodontitis Based on 2018 EFP/AAP Classification CAO Zhengguo, GAO Ya, ZENG Yu Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (11): 943-951.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.11.001 Abstract （159）      PDF （8311KB）（750）       The early symptoms of periodontitis are not obvious, while it always accompanied by severe alveolar ridge defects, tooth drifting, flaring, and even tooth loss in advanced stage. It leads to a heavy burden on the country, society, and patients themselves with high prevalence. In 2018, consensus reports on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions were published by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), which divided periodontitis into four stages and three grades. Subsequently, the EFP has published S3-level clinical guidelines for the treatment of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ periodontitis. This article will discuss the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice of severe periodontitis based on the 2018 Classification with a case of periodontitis (stage Ⅳ, grade C). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Polishing System on Surface Roughness of Composite Resins ZHENG Hongxia, HUANG Xinyue, CHEN Zhi Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (6): 547-552.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.015 Abstract （157）      PDF （1823KB）（302）       Objective: To examine the surface roughness of composite resins treated by different polishing systems. Methods: A total of 120 composites resin samples (5 mm×4 mm) were prepared including Filtek Z350, Filtek P60, Ceram-X mono, Quixfil, Synergy Duo Shade, and Synergy compact. They were polished with Sof-Lex discs (S), PoGo cups (PG), and Brilliant Golss cups (BG). The surface roughness parameters (RMS) of composite samples were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and analyzed statistically. Results: For dry polishing, S + Synergy Duo Shade showed the lowest RMS value; PG + Quixfil showed the highest value. There was no significant difference in RMS for the same resin using different polishing methods, and a two-way comparison between groups showed that the polishing effect of CeramX was better for S than for PG ( P<0.05). Nanofill and hybrid resin showed smoother surfaces compared to the packable resin after the same polishing methods. The dry polishing method showed a better effect when PG polishing Quxifil/CeramX and BG polishing Synergy Duo Shade ( P<0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in surface roughness when different polishing methods are used for the same resin. The RMS of packable composite resin is higher than others for the same polishing method. Some resins show better effects in dry polishing method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Orthodontic Treatment in the Combined Treatment of Periodontal Disease. FAN Xiuru, LIU Jia Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (9): 780-784.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.004 Abstract （155）      PDF （1153KB）（244）       Periodontal disease is the second largest oral clinical disease. The destruction of periodontal tissue causes tooth loosening, displacement, and even loss, and is often accompanied by secondary occlusal trauma, which makes orthodontic treatment of periodontal disease attract the attention of many scholars and clinicians. However, orthodontic treatment of periodontal disease is difficult and risky, which requires orthodontists to fully grasp the characteristics of them. This article reviews the preparation before orthodontic treatment, the choice of appliance, the characteristics of orthodontic treatment, the consideration after orthodontic treatment, and its molecular mechanism, in order to provide an effective basis for orthodontic clinicians to treat periodontal disease. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Shape of Incisor Canal and Its Clinical Significance in Orthodontic Treatment HUANG Zicheng, KONG Weidong Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (5): 388-391.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.05.002 Abstract （150）      PDF （803KB）（247）       The position of maxillary central incisors directly affects facial contour symmetry and midline coordination after orthodontic treatment. Therefore, the three-dimensional spatial angle of maxillary central incisors should be considered when making orthodontic treatment plan. With the wide application of CBCT, scholars found that the root resorption of maxillary central incisors was not only related to the palatal cortex of the maxilla, but also closely related to the shape of the incisor canal. Therefore, understanding the shape of incisor canal and its clinical significance in orthodontic treatment can provide guidance for clinicians in the formulation of treatment plans, process monitoring, and postoperative evaluation. This article reviews the structure of incisor canal and its clinical significance in orthodontic treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Laser in Treatment of Periodontal Tissue Problems during Orthodontics BI Lan, ZHANG Ronghe Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (6): 479-482.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.002 Abstract （146）      PDF （799KB）（265）       During orthodontic treatment, periodontal tissues including gingival, alveolar bone, periodontal membrane, and cementum are the support and foundation of tooth movement. Therefore, effective methods should be taken to treat periodontal tissue problems during orthodontic treatment. In recent years, laser has been paid more and more attention for its safe, minimally invasive, and highly targeted characteristics. It can be used to deal with various periodontal problems during orthodontics, such as peri-nail inflammation, periodontal disease, acceleration of alveolar bone remodeling, and acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. This paper reviews the application of laser in this field, introduces the working principle and application direction, and provides the basis for better clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vitamin D/VDR Signaling Regulates IL-10 Expression in Macrophages from Oral Lichen Planus GE Xuejun, SUN Zhuo, ZHAO Zhenni, DU Jie Journal of Oral Science Research    2023, 39 (6): 541-546.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.014 Abstract （146）      PDF （1007KB）（226）       Objective: To investigate the regulatory roles of vitamin D and its receptor VDR in the cytokines production in macrophages from oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: Twenty OLP patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. Macrophages from oral tissues were isolated, and the expressions of cytokines and VDR was detected. IL-10 levels were measured in monocyte-derived macrophages and THP-1 cells overexpressed VDR or treated with vitamin D. The binding of VDR and its element in the promoter region of IL-10 gene was confirmed by ChIP and luciferase report assays. Cytokines levels were detected in OLP macrophages with vitamin D treatment. Results: VDR expression was decreased in OLP macrophages and positively correlated with IL-10 expression. Vitamin D/VDR signaling up-regulated IL-10 levels in monocyte-derived macrophages and THP-1 cells. Mechanistically, VDR was able to interact with its element in the promoter to enhance the transcription of IL-10. Vitamin D increased IL-10 levels and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in OLP macrophages. Conclusion: Vitamin D/VDR signaling regulates IL-10 transcription to mediate cytokines levels in OLP macrophages. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics