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Research Progress in Animal Models of Oral Leukoplakia ZHANG Qi, SHI Jing Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (3): 179-183.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.03.001 Abstract （541）      PDF （776KB）（628）       Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have a poor prognosis whose 5-year survival rate is less than 50%. Early intervention in the oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) stage is necessary to improve survival rate and prognosis, oral leukoplakia (OLK) is the most common OPMDs. In order to understand the process of OSCC deeply, an ideal OLK animal model is in great request. In this paper, the common animal models of OLK were reviewed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Accuracy of Dental Implant Robot under Different Bone Inclinations in Vitro WANG Yiming, TENG Weiwei, ZHAO Wenbo, CAI Wenyu, LIU Yibo, ZHOU Libo Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (3): 238-242.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.03.011 Abstract （513）      PDF （2570KB）（495）       Objective: To investigate the effect of different bone inclinations on the accuracy of dental implant robot. Methods: Three kinds of bone inclination models (45°, 60°, and 90°) were designed. The models were scanned by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and the data were imported into the robot system for implant planning. Under the guidance of the robot,a total of 90 implants were implanted at three bone inclinations. The deviation between preoperative implant and actual implantation position was compared by CBCT scan after operation. The main measurement indexes were implant angle deviation, and total deviation of entry and apex. Results: In the 45°, 60°, and 90° groups, the entry deviations were (0.52±0.15) mm, (0.36±0.13) mm, and (0.34±0.15) mm, respectively, the apical deviations were (0.64±0.19) mm, [0.46 (0.42,0.55)] mm, and (0.37±0.15) mm, respectively, and the angle deviations were (1.27±0.22)°, (1.09±0.21)°, and (0.48±0.22)°, respectively ( P< 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in the entry level and depth deviations and the apical level and depth deviations of the apical point ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The dental implant robotic system achieved high implant accuracy at all three bone inclinations, demonstrating good clinical outcomes. However, there were differences in accuracy between different bone inclinations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Roles of Osteoclasts in Chronic Apical Periodontitis WEI Xiaoxuan, LI Bolei Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 363-368.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.001 Abstract （476）      PDF （1164KB）（530）       Chronic apical periodontitis is frequently characterized by alveolar bone resorption, with osteoclast differentiation and proliferation playing pivotal roles in its development. Research indicates that various factors and enzymes associated with chronic apical periodontitis can either promote or inhibit osteoclast function which influenced the response of osteocytes in the affected areas. Moreover, scholarly attention is increasingly focusing on the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. Strategies targeting relevant pathways, such as inhibiting NF-κB activation or activating the PI3K signaling pathway, are considered promising. Nevertheless, these therapeutic interventions require further clinical investigation, and their efficacy in clinical settings warrants evaluation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of current advancements concerning the role of osteoclasts and potential treatment modalities for chronic apical periodontitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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ANXA2 Improves Inflammatory Injury in ATDC5 Cells by Regulating YAP and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways WANG Xinru, WANG Xinyi, YANG Chang, DONG Wei, WANG Jiawei Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (3): 243-249.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.03.012 Abstract （452）      PDF （2227KB）（668）       Objective: To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of Annexin A2 (ANXA2) in inflammatory injury of ATDC5 cells induced by IL-1β. Methods: After injecting the temporomandibular joint of mice with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) or saline for 2 weeks,the condylar sections were analyzed the expression level of ANXA2 in arthritis cartilage. qRT-PCR was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of IL-1β on ANXA2 and cartilage anabolism markers SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) and collagen type Ⅱ alphal chain (Col2a1), cartilage catabolism markers matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin 5 (Adamts5), and inflammatory response-related factors cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in ATDC5 cells. After ATDC5 cells were transfected with lentiviruses that knocked down and overexpressed ANXA2, transfection efficiency was detected by Western blotting. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of ANXA2 on the mRNA and protein expressions of cartilage catabolism, anabolism, and inflammation-related factors in ATDC5 cells under physiological and inflammatory conditions, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), as well as the protein expression levels of SOX9, MMP-13, and iNOS after the addition of the YAP inhibitor Verteporfin. Results: The condylar cartilage of MIA-induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis mice significantly degenerated, and the expression of ANXA2 in arthritic cartilage increased.As the concentration of IL-1β increased, the expression of cartilage anabolism markers decreased, while the expression of cartilage catabolism and inflammatory response markers and ANXA2 increased significantly.Knockdown of ANXA2 inhibited cartilage anabolism under inflammatory conditions and promoted cartilage catabolism and the expression of inflammatory-related factors; overexpression of ANXA2 showed the opposite results.Overexpression of ANXA2 promoted YAP phosphorylation under inflammatory conditions and inhibited p38 phosphorylation. Inhibition of YAP could partially reverse the protective effect of ANXA2 on inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells. Conclusion: ANXA2 improves IL-1β-induced inflammatory injury of ATDC5 cells partially by regulating YAP and p38 MAPK pathways. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Membrane Potential on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Follicle Stem Cells and Its Electrophysiological Mechanisms GU Yujie, YANG Yidan, LIAO Siqi, WANG Heyi, ZHOU Rui, LAN Xiaorong, XU Xiaomei, ZUO Dongchuan, ZENG Jin Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 413-419.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.010 Abstract （437）      PDF （3659KB）（159）       Objective: To explore the effect of membrane potential on osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFCs) and its electrophysiological mechanisms. Methods: hDFCs were isolated and cultured from human dental follicle tissue by enzymatic digestion methods. To evaluate the effects of Kir2.1 channels on the osteogenic differentiation capacity and membrane potentials of hDFCs, osteogenic differentiation induction, Alizarin red staining, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and whole cell patch clamp were conducted by using lentiviral particles carrying human Kir2.1 channels specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and Kir2.1 channels specific inhibitor (ML133). Ca 2+ imaging was performed to identify the store-operated Ca 2+ channels (SOCs) mediated Ca 2+ influx in hDFCs by using La 3+ (a SOCs inhibitor) and Thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ pump inhibitor), and to evaluate the effect of membrane potential hyperpolarization caused by decreased extracellular potassium level (1 mmol/L) on intracellular Ca 2+ concentration. Results: Alizarin red staining, RT-qPCR, and patch clamp results showed that blocking the function of Kir2.1 channels or inhibition of Kir2.1 channels expression could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation ability of hDFCs and reverse the membrane potential hyperpolarization associated with osteogenic differentiation. Ca 2+ imaging results showed that: (1) SOCs channels mediated Ca 2+ influx in hDFCs. (2) Promotion of membrane hyperpolarization increased the intracellular Ca 2+ levels in hDFCs, which could be inhibited by blocking the function of Kir2.1 channels or inhibition of Kir2.1 channels expression; by removal of extracellular Ca 2+; or by blocking the function of SOCs channels. Conclusion: Kir2.1-linked membrane hyperpolarization controls osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs by increasing intracellular Ca 2+ levels and SOCs channels-mediated Ca 2+ influx plays an important role in this process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Porphyromonas Gingivalis on Migration and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma through NDK/ATP/P2X7 Pathway WEI Wei, TAN Xiaorong, LI Muqiu, GONG Zhongcheng, LI Chenxi Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 378-385.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.004 Abstract （430）      PDF （14866KB）（553）       Objective: To explore the effect of nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) on proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by hydrolyzing extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and to clarify the relationship between NDK and ATP on the impact of oral cancer. Methods: Clinical data and OSCC tissue samples from 30 patients who visited the Department of Maxillofacial Oncology Surgery at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2022 to December 2023 were collected. Immunohistochemical detection was used to determine the expression of P.g and P2X7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues. By culturing human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC 9 and SCC 25 cells in vitro with P.g (W83 type) or P.g knocking out NDK ( P.g-△NDK), a cell/bacteria co-culture model was established (using cell immunofluorescence to observe the co-culture model). CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, and LDH release were used to detect the effects of P.g and P.g-△NDK on proliferation, migration, invasion, and toxicity of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. The expression of P2X7 protein among the groups was verified using western blot. Results: The expressions of P.g and P2X7 were significantly higher in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues ( P<0.0001). The proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCC9 and SCC25 cells infected with P.g were enhanced ( P<0.01), and their cytotoxicity was also enhanced ( P<0.0001). After infection with P.g-△NDK, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCC9 and SCC25 cells were further enhanced ( P<0.01), however, their cytotoxicity was weakened ( P<0.0001). In all groups, the addition of ATP resulted in an enhancement of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ( P<0.05) and a weakening of cytotoxicity ( P<0.0001). Among them, the ATP content in the supernatant of the P.g group was significantly reduced ( P<0.05), and the expression of P2X7 was positively correlated with the ATP content. Conclusion: NDK secreted by P.g has the ability to deplete extracellular ATP of SCC 9 and SCC 25. After knocking out NDK, the expression of P2X7 is up-regulated, thereby enhancing its proliferation, migration, and invasion ability and reducing cytotoxicity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Study on 90 Cases of Mandibular Defects Repaired with Fibular Flap with Different Thicknesses of Reconstruction Titanium Plates SUN Yawei, WU Zhuhao, CHEN Xin, PU Yumei, SUN Guowen Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 386-390.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.005 Abstract （427）      PDF （782KB）（202）       Objective: To investigate the effect of different thickness of reconstruction titanium plate on the clinical results of reconstruction of mandibular defects with fibular flap. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical information and follow-up records of patients with mandibular defects caused by malignant tumors admitted to the First Ward of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital from January 2018 to June 2024 and repaired with fibular musculocutaneous flaps at the same time. Results: A total of 90 patients with complete follow-up information were included. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients with a median time of 9 months. On univariate analysis, postoperative radiotherapy ( P<0.002) was significantly associated with postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative radiotherapy ( P=0.015) was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. A total of 19 patients received postoperative radiotherapy, including 12 patients in the sub-reconstruction titanium plate group (thickness 2.0 mm). The incidence of long-term complications was 8.3% (1/12). There were 7 patients in the reconstruction plate group (thickness≥2.5 mm), and the incidence of long-term complications was 71.4% (5/7). There was significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.019). Conclusion: Postoperative radiotherapy can significantly increase the incidence of complications after mandibular defect reconstruction with fibular flap. Close follow-up is necessary for 6-18 months after surgery. The use of different thickness reconstruction titanium plates has no significant effect on the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with mandibular defects repaired with fibular flap. However, for patients who are expected to undergo postoperative radiotherapy, the use of sub-reconstruction titanium plates should be tried to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulatory Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Irisin on Periodontal Tissue Repair and Regeneration YANG Yuxin, MA Qian Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 369-372.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.002 Abstract （425）      PDF （778KB）（137）       Irisin is a polypeptide hormone with a promising role in reducing the inflammatory response of metabolic syndrome and treating bone metabolism-related diseases. We reviewed the anti-inflammatory capacity of irisin and its influence on bone metabolism. What’s more, the regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of irisin on periodontal tissue repair and regeneration were investigated, in order to explore the potential role of irisin as a novel immunological agent for the treatment of periodontal inflammatory bone defects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Microscope Combined with CBCT in Root Canal Treatment of Fused Mandibular First Premolar with Four Root Canals: A Case Report XING Yunbo, CHEN Jie, YE Mao Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 440-442.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.015 Abstract （422）      PDF （2534KB）（119）       Fused teeth usually occur in the mandibular anterior tooth region, which share the same root canal system or have individual pulp canal systems. Fused teeth in mandibular first premolars are rare. The root canal system of mandibular first premolar has great variation, usually single canal, and four canals are exceedingly rare. This paper reports a rare case of a fused mandibular first premolar with four root canals. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to examine the affected tooth, and microscopic examination was employed to accurately locate the root canal orifices. Nickel-titanium instruments were used for mechanical preparation and ultrasonic irrigation, followed by tight filling of the root canals using thermoplastic gutta-percha. 3-12 months' follow-up after surgery showed excellent treatment outcomes for the affected tooth. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Skeletal Class Ⅲ Treated with Clear Aligner Combined with MSE: A Case Report QI Na, LI Hongtao, WANG Xiaoli, LIANG Jingwen, YE Qian, AN Xiaoli Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 436-439.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.014 Abstract （413）      PDF （3206KB）（379）       This article reports a case of skeletal class Ⅲ patient with a full dental crossbite. The treatment was successfully completed by maxillary skeletal expander (MSE) and mandibular molars distalization with clear aligners. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Functional Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering NIU Delong, LIU Zhonghao Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 373-377.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.003 Abstract （412）      PDF （812KB）（284）       Autologous bone grafting, as the clinical "gold standard" for the treatment of major bone defects, still has limitations including limited donor sites and the extra trauma. Functional composite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering are characterized by high mechanical strength and biocompatibility, etc. Various substances, such as cell growth factors, drugs, and metal ions, endow the scaffolds with biological features of proliferation promoting, anti-inflammation, and osteogenesis. The resulting functional composite scaffolds provide a new alternative for the treatment of bone defects, which is expected to replace autologous bone. This study summarizes the latest research of various functional composite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering in recent years, providing reference and strategy for the follow-up design and application of functional composite scaffolds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Fluoride's Impact on Ameloblasts Based on Transcriptome Sequencing YAO Shuran, WENG Qingqing, ZHU Yiying, LIU Jia, ZHANG Ying Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 420-425.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.011 Abstract （406）      PDF （1181KB）（308）       Objective: To investigate the impact of sodium fluoride (NaF) on gene expression in the mouse ameloblast cell line LS8, and to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) utilizing transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Methods: The research was divided into two groups: the control group receiving no treatment and the experimental group exposed to 1.5 mmol/L NaF for 24 hours. Post-treatment, samples were collected for RNA-seq analysis. The DEGs were identified, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. To validate the accuracy of the sequencing results, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed, while Western blotting confirmed the expression levels of relevant signaling pathway proteins. Results: After 24 hours of NaF exposure, RNA-seq detected 104 DEGs-34 up-regulated and 70 down-regulated. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated notable activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in LS8 cells. RT-qPCR showed decreased mRNA levels for PI3K, Akt, and MAPK ( P<0.05), corroborating findings from RNA-seq analyses. Furthermore, Western blot results revealed lower relative expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-p44/p42MAPK/p44/p42MAPK ( P<0.05). Conclusion: Both PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways may play crucial roles in mediating the toxic effects of fluoride on ameloblasts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Effect of Locking Surface Patterns on Accuracy of Full-arch Scanning JI Jianhua, ZHA Xuzhe, WEI Luming, GUO Huiying, YUAN Changyong, WANG Penglai Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 400-405.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.008 Abstract （400）      PDF （3154KB）（220）       Objective: To explore the effect of different locking surface patterns on the accuracy (including trueness and precision) of full-arch scanning. Methods: The design and 3D printing of the experimental models were accomplished using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques. Then, different surface locking patterns (P1: no locking pattern; P2: locking 1/4 arch surface; P3: locking 1/2 arch surface, and P4: locking 3/4 arch surface) were used to sequentially collect intraoral optical scanning data ( n=10) of the standard resin dental models. These data were compared with the data obtained by the dental laboratory scanner to analyze the differences in the accuracy of the impressions obtained. Results: In the evaluation of trueness and precision, the Δd2-Δd4 values measured using the P2 were significantly greater than those of the other groups ( P<0.05). Additionally, both trueness and precision assessments of the Δd3 and Δd4 values measured in the scans of each locking surface pattern were higher for the mandible compared to the maxilla ( P<0.05). Conclusion: Different surface locking patterns significantly influenced the accuracy of full-arch scanning, with relatively high scanning accuracy achieved when the locking surface was positioned on the occlusal surface of the posterior region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different Bone Types on Stress Distribution of Mandibular Double Implants Overdenture by Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis WEI Xing, ZHANG Zhihong Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 395-399.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.007 Abstract （397）      PDF （2455KB）（205）       Objective: To analyze the effects of different bone types on the stress distribution of overdenture supported by mandibular double implants by three-dimensional finite element method. Methods: A mandibular edentulous adult patient was selected and the solid model of mandibular edentulous jaw was created by CBCT, and a three-dimensional finite element model including mandible, implant, Locator attachment, and overdenture was established. The vertical and oblique loading conditions of the model were given to obtain the von Mises stress of the implant system and its supporting bone tissue, and the law of stress distribution was analyzed. Results: (1) The maximum von Mises stress of cortical bone and implant increased with the decrease of cortical bone thickness and cancellous bone mineral density, that was Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ. (2) The maximum von Mises stress of cancellous bone decreased with the weakening of bone, that was Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ. (3) The peak stress of the implant under all working conditions was concentrated in the contact area between the implant and the abutment and the cervical thread at the junction of the implant and cortical bone. (4) The maximum von Mises stress of the implant system and surrounding bone tissue increased significantly under oblique loading. Conclusion: During the restoration of mandibular double implants overdenture, bone type will affect the stress distribution of implant system and supporting bone. With the weakening of bone, the stress of cortical bone and implant increases, while the stress of cancellous bone decreases. Ⅳ bone may increase the risk of implant complications, which is not conducive to improve the long-term stability of the implant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Small Extracellular Vesicles of Platelet-rich Plasma Promoted Bone Tissue Repair GAO Yang, GAO Linbo, SHI Chun, WU Dalei Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 426-431.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.012 Abstract （395）      PDF （5047KB）（230）       Objective: To investigate the impact of platelet-rich plasma derived small extracellular vesicles (PRP-sEV) on the expression of bone markers in osteoblasts, as well as to observe the bone repair effect of PRP-sEV in a mouse calvarial defect model. Methods: The small extracellular vesicles were extracted from mouse platelet-rich plasma. These PRP-sEV were then analyzed for size, structure, and marker proteins using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot. PKH67 was used to assess the uptake of these vesicles by MC3T3-E1 cells and used western blot to examine the expression of osteogenic marker proteins. A mouse cranial defect model was established and evaluated the bone repair effects of PRP-sEV through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and osteopontin (OPN) in PRP-sEV in the cranial defect model. Results: The size of PRP-sEV was around 144 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that these vesicles had a typical lipid bilayer structure. Western blot results indicated that the positive marker proteins CD63, CD81, and ALG-2-interacting protein X (ALIX) were present in the vesicles, while the surface marker protein CD40 was absent. PKH67 testing demonstrated that MC3T3-E1 cells effectively incepted the PRP-sEV. Western blot results showed that these vesicles enhanced the expression of bone formation markers BMP-2 and OPN ( P<0.05). HE staining and Masson staining results indicated that the PRP-sEV promoted bone defect repair. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the expression of BMP-2 and OPN in the cranial bone defect model treated with the vesicles was higher than that of control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The extracellular vesicles in platelet-rich plasma could promote bone tissue repair. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case Report of Initial Periodontal Therapy for Generalized Severe Periodontitis (Stage Ⅱ Grade B) WU Jing, NA Xin, PENG Simin, CAO Zhengguo, WANG Xiaoxuan Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (3): 260-264.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.03.016 Abstract （393）      PDF （5060KB）（953）       This article systematically documents the complete treatment process of a case with generalized stage Ⅱ grade B periodontitis, following the S3-level clinical practice guidelines of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP). By demonstrating the synergistic effects of initial periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal care (SPC), we aim to enhance dental practitioners' understanding of standardized periodontal treatment. Clinical practice has proven that standardized initial periodontal therapy combined with long-term SPC monitoring can effectively control disease progression, maintain treatment outcomes, and reduce recurrence risk. This systematic treatment approach provides a reliable clinical solution for reducing the burden of periodontal diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Cone-beam Computed Tomography Features of Florid Cemento-osseous Dysplasias ZHAO Pei, HAO Xiaoqi, MEI Shuang, LIU Weisheng, YU Meiqing Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (3): 207-211.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.03.006 Abstract （392）      PDF （2777KB）（449）       Objective: To explore the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging characteristics of florid cemento-osseous dysplasias (FLCOD). Methods: Clinical and CBCT data from patients diagnosed with FLCOD were collected, and the imaging characteristics of the patients were analyzed. Results: Among the 37 patients with FLCOD, the incidence rate was high in women over 30 years old, accounting for approximately 94.6%. In the 37 cases of FLCOD, 125 quadrants were involved, including 394 teeth with 25 missing teeth. The lesions predominantly occurred in the mandibular posterior region, accounting for about 44.2%.The density of the lesions within the jawbone was mainly high density and mixed density. There was a low-density shadows around the FLCOD lesions. In the maxillary posterior tooth area, low-density shadows were partially present in 36 cases (31.9%) of the lesions. The cortical bone in the lesion area may become thin, perforated, and the jaw bone may become swollen, with the highest probability of thinning in the anterior mandibular lesion area, about 60 cases (76.9%). Important anatomical structures within the jawbone, such as the maxillary sinus and the mandibular nerve canal, may also be involved in this disease. The affected teeth may exhibit imaging manifestations such as root resorption, cementum hyperplasia, and blurred periodontal membrane images. Conclusion: FLCOD is a rare, extensive bone metabolism abnormality occurring within the jawbone, with a high incidence rate in middle-aged women, predominantly in the mandibular posterior region. CBCT can accurately reflect the density of the lesion area and minute structural changes, which can enhance the oral physician's understanding of FLCOD and reduce the misdiagnosis rate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Necrotizing Sialometplasia-related Diseases with Palate Ulcer: A Case Report PENG Qiao, CHU Zhijuan, XIE Xiang, WANG Xiang, DUAN Ning, WANG Wenmei, CHEN Sheng Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (5): 432-435.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.05.013 Abstract （390）      PDF （6584KB）（249）       Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a begin lesion of salivary gland characterized as a self-limited and rare condition. NS can be mis-diagnosed as invasive malignant tumors due to their similar clinical and histological manifestations. In this study, we reported a case of the diagnosis and treatment of NS on the palate and reviewed relevant literatures, in order to provide reference and experience for clinicians. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and Mechanisms of Macrophage-mediated Osteoimmunity in Osseointegration after Implant Placement LI Congcong, ZHAO Li Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (3): 189-194.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.03.003 Abstract （384）      PDF （2493KB）（518）       The key to successful implant therapy is the formation of good osseointegration between the implant and the alveolar bone. Macrophage plasticity, however, plays a key role in all stages of osteogenesis and healing, and is involved in osseointegration after implant placement. Currently, the mechanisms behind macrophage plasticity are unclear, and further exploration of the interactions between immune cells and between them and macrophages is needed to search for targets of polarization reversibility. In this review, by summarizing macrophage origin, classification, polarization plasticity, and function, their role in regulating bone immunity after implant placement is concluded and the mechanism of osseointegration after implant placement from the osteoimmune level is elaborated, which will provide a theoretical basis for the design of implants with good osteoimmune effects, thus reducing the risk of implant placement failure. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hexokinase HK2 Activates STING Pathway to Exacerbate Bone Resorption in Apical Periodontitis LI Jiaqi, CHENG Shi, ZHOU Lu, WEN Yuanhao, MAO Hanqing, ZHANG Lu Journal of Oral Science Research    2025, 41 (6): 469-476.   DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.06.004 Abstract （383）      PDF （6430KB）（439）       Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism by which hexokinase 2 (HK2) regulates bone resorption in apical periodontitis. Methods: Using RNA sequencing, the differences in glycolysis gene expression between human apical cysts/granulomas and normal mucosa were analyzed. Protein expression of HK2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro experiments: bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and HK2 inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway was analyzed by Western blot, and osteoclast differentiation ability was assessed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In vivo experiments: C57/BL6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2DG while establishing a periapical periodontitis model (14 days/28 days). Bone resorption was quantified by micro-CT, osteoclasts were counted by TRAP staining in apical periodontitis tissue sections, and the expressions of HK2 and STING were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Glycolysis-related genes were significantly up-regulated in apical periodontitis tissues. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of HK2 was significantly increased. After inhibition of HK2 by 2DG, the expression level of STING in LPS-induced BMDMs was decreased by 23.6% ( P＜0.05), and osteoclast differentiation induced by LPS in BMDMs was reduced by 22.2% ( P＜0.01). Animal experiments showed that 2DG treatment reduced the bone resorption, osteoclast number, and STING expression in mice with apical periodontitis. Conclusion: HK2-mediated glycolysis promotes macrophage osteoclastic differentiation by activating the STING signaling pathway. Inhibition of HK2 can alleviate bone resorption in apical periodontitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics