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28 April 2026, Volume 42 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Characteristics and Interactive Regulation of Metabolic Reprogramming and Protein Post-translational Modifications in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma YIN Xiteng, HAN Wei 2026, 42(4): 269-273.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.001 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (839KB) ( 7 )   Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most prevalent malignant tumor of the head and neck, exhibits high rates of recurrence and metastasis, necessitating novel therapeutic targets. Metabolic reprogramming and post-translational modifications (PTMs), recognized as core hallmarks of cancer, play a critical interactive role in OSCC progression. OSCC demonstrates significant metabolic remodeling features: enhanced glycolysis, dynamic remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, dysregulated amino acid metabolism, and hyperactive lipid synthesis, supplying energy and biosynthetic precursors for cancer cells. Metabolic intermediates can serve as substrates or cofactors for PTMs, directly regulating epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, PTMs dynamically modulate the activity and flux of metabolic enzymes through mechanisms such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, enabling feedback regulation of metabolic pathways. This bidirectional crosstalk synergistically drives the malignant progression of OSCC. This review summarizes these mechanisms, aiming to provide novel theoretical foundations for molecular subtyping and targeted therapeutic strategies in OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Optimization Strategy of Soft and Hard Tissue around Implants and Clinical Repair Effect YAN Yan, WANG Hongyuan 2026, 42(4): 274-280.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.002 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (1316KB) ( 13 )   The morphological and functional stability of the soft tissue surrounding the implant is the core guarantee for the success and aesthetic effect of implant repair. At present, a large number of studies have confirmed that keratinized mucosal width (≥2 mm), mucosal thickness (≥2 mm), height of soft tissue on the crest (3-4 mm), and thickness of peri-implant bone (≥2 mm) can significantly reduce the incidence of peri-implantitis, reduce early marginal bone resorption, and improve the red and white aesthetic score at aesthetic zone. Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, this article systematically explores the composition, clinical significance, and key influencing factors of peri-implantitis phenotype, covering the entire process management from minimally invasive tooth extraction, implantation timing selection, and soft and hard tissue intervention, providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of precise and minimally invasive implant repair strategies in clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Current Status of Robot-assisted Systems in Oral Clinical Practice CHEN Chongying, LIU Jianguo 2026, 42(4): 281-285.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.003 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (811KB) ( 18 )   With the rapid advancement of science and technology, robotic systems (RS) are increasingly being integrated into the medical field, particularly in oral medicine, where they demonstrate significant potential. This review examines the current research on robotic applications across key areas of clinical dentistry, discusses their developmental prospects, challenges, and limitations, and provides insights into future directions for the evolution of stomatology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promotion of Osseointegration around Implants in Osteoporotic Rats by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes FAN Yue, ZHU Dong'ao, LIU Mingkun, LANG Lv, LIU Honghong 2026, 42(4): 286-292.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.004 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (5104KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To investigate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) in implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats. Methods: BMSC-Exos were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. The proliferative and migratory capacities of BMSCs were assessed via CCK-8 assay and scratch wound healing assay. The expression of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain (Col1a1), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was detected at the gene and protein levels by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. An osteoporotic rat model was established via ovariectomy and was verified. The osteoporotic rats were randomly divided into control group (injected with PBS) and experimental group (injected with BMSC-Exos). Tibial implant surgery was performed on all rats, followed by radiographic and histological evaluations at 8 weeks post-surgery. Results: BMSC-Exos were successfully isolated and characterized. BMSC-Exos significantly promoted BMSCs proliferation and migration while upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic markers (Col1a1, Alp, and Runx2). In the osteoporotic rat model, BMSC-Exos treatment significantly increased the peri-implant bone mineral density (BMD) and the implant-bone contact ratio. Conclusion: BMSC-Exos can enhance BMSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic marker expression, thereby significantly improving implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Osteogenesis and Antibacterial Properties of 3D Printed Titanium Alloy Coated with Berberine Hydrochloride and Hydroxyapatite in Vitro WEI Zhaoming, SONG Nawei, YAN Xinghua, HAN Zekui, LIU Miao 2026, 42(4): 293-299.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.005 Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (6850KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To improve the biocompatibility of Ti6Al4V by loading berberine hydrochloride (BBH) and hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface after acid blasting. Methods: 3D printed Ti6Al4V samples were divided into SLA (control), HA (HA loaded), BBH (BBH loaded), and BBH/HA (BBH/HA loaded composite coating) groups after acid etching and sandblasting. BBH/HA composite coating was prepared on titanium alloy surface by electrochemical deposition method. The microstructure of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscope. The hydrophilic property and roughness of the coating were detected by contact angle measuring instrument and roughness measuring instrument. The bacteriostasis of each group to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was analyzed by plate counting method. The effect on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation was detected by cell proliferation test. The osteogenic ability of each sample was analyzed by alizarin red staining and quantitative pcr test. Results: The microscopic morphology observation results showed that the surface of each coating group was relatively uniform and firmly bonded to the substrate. The BBH/HA group was superior to other groups in terms of hydrophilicity, cell proliferation, and antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Berberine hydrochloride and hydroxyapatite loaded on the surface of Ti6Al4V after sandblasting can improve the osteogenic and antibacterial ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Cleaning on Peri-implant Flora in Full-arch Implant-supported Fixed Restorations ZHANG Xueting, HUANG Zhumei, ZHANG Qiufang, YANG Yiyun, YANG Yang, ZHANG Xiaoqin, XU Mingyan 2026, 42(4): 300-305.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.006 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (5445KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of cleaning of implant-supported full-mouth fixed restorations on changes in peri-implant plaque and microbiota. Methods: Among 64 patients who received full-arch implant-supported fixed restorations, 29 were selected to compare plaque attachment rates on the restoration surfaces across different cleaning habits. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the remaining 35 patients before cleaning (Group BC) and after cleaning (Group AC) for microbial analysis. Results: In full-arch implant-supported fixed restorations, the proportion of plaque on the tissue surface was significantly higher in the mandible than in the maxilla (P<0.05). No significant difference in plaque attachment rate was observed among different cleaning habits (P＞0.05). Compared with Group BC, Group AC showed a significantly increased abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (P<0.05), while the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes significantly decreased (P<0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Prevotella increased, whereas that of Treponema decreased (P<0.05). Diversity analysis revealed significant differences between BC and AC groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with full-arch implant-supported fixed restorations, the mandibular restorations are more difficult to clean; meanwhile, the cleaning of prostheses significantly reduces the species and proportion of pathogenic peri-implant microbiota, which is conducive to peri-implant stability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-inflammatory and Bone Protective Effects of Quercetin on Peri-implantitis in Rats via TLR4/NF-κB Pathway HE Chenggong, LI Yanbo, SU Danni, LI Chunjia, LIU Rui 2026, 42(4): 306-311.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.007 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (2490KB) ( 16 )   Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory and bone protective effects of quercetin (QU) on peri-implantitis (PI) rats. Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to three groups: the control group (Ctrl group), the peri-implantitis group (PI group), and the treatment group (QU group). The inflammation indexes of implant in rats were detected. The bone height and bone density around the implant were measured. HE staining was employed to examine the pathological alterations of the gingival tissue surrounding the implant. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in gingival tissue and the contents of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and collagen type Ⅱ (COL-Ⅱ) in gingival crevicular fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of bone metabolism and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins. Results: Compared with the Ctrl group, the PPD, BI and GI values, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MMP-8 and COL-Ⅱ levels, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 protein expression levels were significantly increased in the PI group (P<0.05). Notably, significant reductions (P<0.05) were observed in the bone height and bone mineral density on the distal, proximal, buccal, and palatal aspects of the implant. Additionally, the expression level of the OPG protein exhibited a substantial decrease. When compared to the PI group, the QU group demonstrated significant decreases (P<0.05) in multiple parameters. Specifically, the pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding index (BI), and gingival index (GI) values were notably lower. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MMP-8 and COL-Ⅱ were significantly reduced. The protein expression levels of receptor activator of RANKL, TLR4, and the p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 were also substantially decreased in the QU group.The bone height and bone mineral density of the distal, proximal, buccal and palatal sides of the implant and the expression level of OPG protein exhibited a notable and significant increase (P<0.05). Conclusion: Quercetin can effectively reduce the inflammatory response and bone resorption in rats with peri-implantitis, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Sleep Quality and Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus CHENG Qian, YE Fang 2026, 42(4): 312-317.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.008 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (838KB) ( 6 )   Objective: To explore the correlation between sleep quality and periodontal condition in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: T2DM patients in Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2021-January 2022 were selected. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality. According to the PSQI score, the patients were divided into the sleep group (Poor groups, n=118) and the healthy control group (Good group, n=127). The general information, blood indicators, and various periodontal indicators were collected. The data were analyzed using SPSS27.0 software to evaluate the correlation between sleep quality and severity of periodontitis as well as periodontal indicators. Results: A total of 245 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. There was a significant difference in the distribution of periodontitis severity between the Poor group and the Good group (P<0.001). The PSQI score was positively correlated with clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), and the percentage of sites with PD≥6 mm (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, the Poor group had a higher risk of developing stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis (OR=3.171, 95%CI: 2.652-4.941, P<0.05), compared with the Good group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with CAL (OR=0.714, 95%CI: 0.157-1.527, P<0.05), but not significantly associated with PD. Conclusion: There is a correlation between poor sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes and the severity of periodontitis as well as periodontal indicators. The specific relationship and related mechanisms are worthy of further exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Er: YAG Laser Pretreatment on Shear Bond Strength between Enamel White Spot Lesions and Glass Ceramics: An in Vitro Study YANG Yuanyuan, TIAN Jingyu, DING Yu, MENG Qingfei, MENG Jian 2026, 42(4): 318-324.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.009 Abstract ( 7 )   PDF (8279KB) ( 7 )   Objective: To compare the effects of different enamel surface pretreatments and bonding interface etching methods on the surface morphology and shear bond strength (SBS) of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Methods: Sixty teeth were randomly selected from 108 intact extracted premolars. A 4.0 mm×4.0 mm×2.0 mm enamel block was cut from the central buccal surface of each crown. After artificial demineralization, the enamel blocks were randomly divided into group D (demineralization only) and group R (resin penetration pretreatment). Based on different enamel etching methods, the samples in each group were further divided into three equal subgroups: P (37% phosphoric acid treatment), L (Er:YAG laser irradiation), and LP (Er:YAG laser irradiation + 37% phosphoric acid treatment). The surface morphology and roughness of the enamel were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. After cutting off the roots and embedding the remaining 48 premolars (with only the buccal enamel surface exposed), corresponding treatments were applied based on the above grouping information. Cylindrical glass-ceramic columns were then bonded to the center of the buccal surfaces. The SBS was evaluated through shear bond strength test, and the fracture modes were recorded using SEM. Results: The etching methods significantly affected the enamel surface roughness and shear bond strength of the WSLs (P<0.05), while resin penetration pretreatment showed no statistically difference (P>0.05). The groups treated with the Er:YAG laser combined with 37% phosphoric acid etching exhibited the highest roughness and SBS, followed by the laser-only groups, with the 37% phosphoric acid groups showing the lowest values. Resin penetration pretreatment did not improve the SBS of the WSLs, but significantly affected the fracture patterns among groups (P<0.05). The adhesive failure mainly occurred in group D, whereas the mixed failure occurred in group R. Conclusion: Er:YAG laser pretreatment alone or combined with 37% phosphoric acid etching significantly improves the surface morphology of WSLs and increases the SBS between WSLs and glass ceramics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of BioclearTM Direct Repair Technique in Closing Anterior Teeth Space WANG Yue, NIU Lin, ZHAO Wei 2026, 42(4): 325-329.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.010 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (2871KB) ( 10 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and application value of BioclearTM direct repair technique in the closure of anterior teeth space. Methods: A total of 34 patients (73 restorations) with anterior teeth space were selected. The anterior teeth aesthetic resin restoration was performed by BioclearTM composite resin injection filling technology. The restoration effect was evaluated by World Dental Federation (FDI) standard evaluation and visual analogue scale (VAS ) at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after operation, and the plaque index (PLI) and periodontal probing depth (PD) were detected. Results: At 1 month and 6 months after operation, the success rate of restoration was 96.77%, and the survival rate was 100%. The success rate and survival rate at 1 year after operation were 98.21%. There was no significant difference in PLI and PD before and after treatment (P>0.05). The VAS scores of the patients were "very satisfied" or "satisfied". Conclusion: BioclearTM direct repair technology can close the anterior teeth space minimally invasively and efficiently, with high success rate of repair, small periodontal impact, and stable aesthetic effect, which is worthy of clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Self-assessment Index for Oral Health in Elderly Based on Delphi Method WU Junyi, TAI Baojun, JIANG Han, ZHANG Shuang, YU Kai, DU Minquan, LIU Chang 2026, 42(4): 330-335.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.011 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (999KB) ( 9 )   Objective: To develop a culturally adaptable and clinically practical oral health self-assessment index for Chinese elderly, thereby filling the gap in localized assessment tools. Methods: An initial indicator pool was generated through systematic literature review and panel discussions. Multiple rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method, involving 16 experts in preventive medicine and public health. Indicators were screened using the threshold method, and their weights were determined via the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Results: The finalized index comprises 5 primary indicators, 16 secondary indicators, and 28 tertiary indicators. The primary indicators (with weights) were: dental condition (32.6%), periodontal condition (28.9%), oral physiological function (15.6%), oral mucosal condition (12.6%), and oral habits (9.8%). The secondary indicators with the highest weights were number of teeth, gum condition, and oral odor. Conclusion: This index is scientific and practical, applicable to community screening, hospital pre-examination, and home self-testing. It facilitates the early identification of high-risk groups for oral frailty, provides a basis for intervention, and helps address the challenges of population aging. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Effects of Different Etching Modes in Pit and Fissure Sealant Application MA Pengcheng, WEI Yongjie, TIAN Wenxian, REN Lewen, DING Yue, LI Junya, XIE Ling 2026, 42(4): 336-340.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.012 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (2106KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To evaluate the effects of three etching methods on the clinical outcomes of dental sealants in pit-and-fissure sealing. Methods: Eighty children, each with at least three fully erupted first permanent molars exhibiting deep pits and fissures, were recruited, yielding a total of 240 experimental teeth. Using a split-mouth, self-controlled design, teeth were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (self-etching mode), Group B (etch-and-bond mode), and Group C (phosphoric acid etching mode). Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to assess complete sealant retention rates, incidence of pit and fissure caries, and marginal staining rates. Results: At 3 and 6 months, no statistically significant differences in complete retention rates were observed among Groups A, B, and C (P＞0.05). At 12 months, Group B demonstrated the highest complete retention rate (95.7%), while Group A had the lowest (78.7%), with a statistically significant difference (P＜0.0167). No significant differences were found between Groups A and C or Groups B and C (P＞0.0167). Throughout all follow-up periods, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of pit and fissure caries incidence or marginal staining rates (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The etch-and-bond technique achieved superior long-term sealant retention compared to the self-etch method. In clinical practice, the etch-and-bond approach is recommended to enhance the durability and caries-preventive effectiveness of pit-and-fissure sealants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Root Resection Combined with GTR for Secondary Vertical Root Fracture in Maxillary Molar: A Case Report KONG Yue, LUO Xiaoliang, WU Hao 2026, 42(4): 341-343.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.013 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (5584KB) ( 16 )   The fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots is compromised, rendering them susceptible to fracture when subjected to occlusal forces. This condition is termed secondary vertical root fracture (SVRF). The management of SVRF in a maxillary first molar using root resection combined with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is reported. One-year follow-up showed good bone tissue regeneration at the root resection site. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Symmetric Three Root Canals in Bilateral Mandibular Premolars Diagnosed by Cone Beam CT: A Case Report CUI Xiaoming, ZHANG Shikuan, HUO Haiyang, ZHANG Zhiyong 2026, 42(4): 344-346.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.014 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (4651KB) ( 12 )   This case report describes a rare anatomical variation of symmetrical three root canals in both mandibular first and second premolars, detected via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a male patient. The incidence of such variations is extremely low, and failure to identify them preoperatively may lead to missed canals and treatment failure. The report highlights the importance of CBCT in diagnosing complex root canal anatomies, as it enables accurate identification of canal features and reduces treatment risks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multidisciplinary Combined Treatment for Stage Ⅲ Grade C Periodontitis: 8-year Follow Up LIU Qiong, LU Xuan, QU Zhe, LIU Xiaolin, SUN Jiang 2026, 42(4): 347-351.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.015 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (2828KB) ( 43 )   The condition of patient with stage Ⅲ grade C periodontitis is complex and always with obvious loss of attachment. The risk of tooth loss is high. This article reports a case of a patient with stage Ⅲ grade C periodontitis and the 8-year clinical treatment process of multidisciplinary combined treatment. The experience in the treatment was summarized, providing a reference for the treatment of patients with stage Ⅲ grade C periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Invisible Extraction Orthodontics for Adult Severe Crowding with Lateral Incisor Crossbite: A Case Report ZHANG Huanhuan, ZHAO Tingting 2026, 42(4): 352-358.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.016 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (12545KB) ( 15 )   This case systematically reports the process of invisible extraction orthodontic treatment with clear aligners for an adult patient with severe dentition crowding, lateral incisor crossbite, and generalized enamel hypoplasia. Based on the patient’s chief complaint, clinical examination, and imaging data, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted, leading to the final decision to implement an invisible orthodontic treatment plan involving the extraction of four first premolars. During the treatment, through scientifically design of molar anchorage, appropriate placement of auxiliary devices, refined controlled root movement, and anterior tooth retraction, the expected orthodontic goals were successfully achieved without the aid of mini-implant anchorage. Upon completion of the treatment, the upper and lower dental arches were neatly aligned, bilateral canines and molars achieved a Class Ⅰ occlusal relationship, the midlines of the upper and lower teeth aligned with the facial midline, and the overbite and overjet of the anterior teeth returned to normal. The occlusal relationship was stabilized, with significant improvements in the patient’s profile and oral function. This case suggests that for adult patients with severe crowding and lateral incisor crossbite, the clear aligner technology can effectively correct malocclusion through precise biomechanical design. It efficiently closes extraction spaces and completely resolves lateral incisor crossbite while maintaining aesthetic appeal and dental tissue health during treatment, providing a feasible clinical approach for such cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics