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28 February 2025, Volume 41 Issue 2 Previous Issue   

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Vascularization-related Pathogenesis and Treatment Progress of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw SHI Yixin, CHEN Junyu 2025, 41(2): 85-89.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.001 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 38 )   Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a common oral disease involving the jaw after tooth extraction, injury, and radiotherapy, including osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Its main clinical manifestations are bone exposure, pain, infection, and pathological fracture. The pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jaw involves various hypotheses, among which vascular abnormalities are one of the essential mechanisms. Radiation promotes thrombosis by damaging endothelial cells and creating a hypercoagulable state of blood, which becomes a key link in the initiation of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw. Angiogenesis inhibition plays an important role in the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of jaw and is associated with a variety of cells such as macrophages, endothelial cells, preosteoclasts, and their secreted cytokines. Promoting angiogenesis can alleviate or treat osteonecrosis of the jaw. Regulation of vascular function is expected to be a therapeutic option for osteonecrosis of the jaw. This article reviews the vascular-related pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the jaw and explores potential applications for therapeutic strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Prosthetic-guided Peri-implant Soft Tissue Shaping and Transfer Modalities WANG Yuanfan, SUN Xiaojun 2025, 41(2): 90-95.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.002 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (800KB) ( 18 )   Peri-implant soft tissue shaping can be considered as an effective solution for improving the morphology of peri-implant soft tissues. This technique can help achieve ideal implant aesthetic restorations by guiding the soft tissues to form a shape and contour similar to that of the surrounding natural teeth, based on the soft tissue specifics of the implant site. In this article, the modification and attachment of peri-implant soft tissues in the process of implant restoration, the commonly used prosthetic guided soft tissue shaping methods, and the transfer methods after shaping are reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Clinical Factors Affecting Accuracy of Dynamic Navigation Implantation SHAO Xupeng, XIE Zhigang 2025, 41(2): 96-100.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.003 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (771KB) ( 18 )   Dynamic navigation technology has been gradually applied in oral implant clinics due to its unique advantages, allowing the operator to realize real-time guidance for precise preparation and implantation according to the preoperative design plan. In this paper, the factors that may affect the accuracy of dynamic navigation implantation are described from three aspects: clinical system equipment, clinical operation process, and local conditions of the implant site, aiming to improve the accuracy and safety of implantation surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analyses of 317 Elderly Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Single Center Retrospective Study Over 15 Years SHI Tingting, LI Chenxi, GONG Zhongcheng, CUI Wenli, Maimaitituxun·TUERDI, ZHANG Weina 2025, 41(2): 101-108.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.004 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (1730KB) ( 4 )   Objective: To construct a nomogram model to perform the disease-specific analysis, based on demographics, clinicopathological data, and overall survival of the elderly patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: A total of 317 patients admitted to Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, between January 2000 and December 2015, were divided into training (n=221) and validation cohorts(n=96) with a ratio of 7∶3. Statistics was performed by R language program. Association and distribution of clinicopathologic variables among two groups were analyzed using Fisher's exact test or Chi-square withBonferroni correction.Cox proportional hazards regressionanalysis was used to assess independent risk factors impacting patients’ prognosis and construct prediction model. Through backward induction and performance evaluation modeling, the identification and calibration efficacy of the definitive predictive model were appraised by receiver operator characteristic curve and calibration curve analysis. Results: Cox analysis revealed that age, race, marital status, grade of tumor differentiation, T and N stage, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors (all P<0.005).Based on the probability output by multiple regression model, high-risk and low-risk groups of patients were defined according to probability of 0.5 and survival curves were then plotted. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival rate of low-risk patients (less than 0.5) was significantly higher than that of high-risk patients (greater than 0.5) (all P<0.001). In terms of model’s predictive ability, the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operator characteristic curve in training queue was AUC1-year=0.873, AUC2-year=0.829, and AUC3-year=0.795, respectively; and AUC values in test queue was AUC1-year=0.823, AUC2-year=0.806, and AUC3-year=0.768, respectively,indicating that the model had good discriminative ability.The calibration curves also showed that the overall fitting degree of the model was good, and the predicted probability of the model matched the actual observed results to a high degree. Conclusion: The prediction tool can help clinicians identify at-risk patients and develop personalized treatment plans ahead of time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Validation of Long Non-coding RNAs Associated with Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma LIU Xuying, LI Jincun, ZHAI Kun, HU Chen, DONG Wen, MA Jian 2025, 41(2): 109-117.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.005 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (3005KB) ( 11 )   Objective: To identify lncRNA and mRNA related to the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on the oral cancer online database, construct a ceRNA network, and analyze its role in the occurrence and development of OSCC. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) were screened from the TCGA-OSCC, GSE23558, and GSE30784 datasets, and the expression profiling was carried out to screen out differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) and mRNAs. And survival analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed to determine the correlation of them with OSCC prognosis. The starBase and miRTarBase databases were used to predict the common target miRNAs of key lncRNAs and mRNAs, so as to construct the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of these key lncRNAs in OSCC cell lines and tumor tissues. Results: Expression profiling analysis identified 23 differentially expressed lncRNAs, of which 6 lncRNAs were associated with the prognosis of OSCC patients. The expression analysis of mRNA identified 282 differentially expressed mRNAs, which were mainly enriched in GTPase activator activity, NOD-like receptor, and other signaling pathways, and 10 differentially expressed mRNAs were associated with OSCC prognosis. The ceRNA network consisted of 6 lncRNAs, 10 mRNAs, and 26 miRNA molecules for target prediction. The qRT-PCR results showed that 5 lncRNAs, including LINC01980, were highly expressed in OSCC cells, while MIR99AHG was low-expressed. In OSCC tissues, the expression level of LINC01980 was significantly increased, while the expression level of MIR99AHG decreased. Conclusion: The LINC01980 and MIR99AHG screened in this study are related to the progression and prognosis of OSCC, and can be used as biomarkers for further exploration of OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Features and Therapeutic Strategies in Primary Malignant Tumors of Anterior Lingual Gland LI Fuyan, WANG Rui, XU Huixia, SUN Guowen 2025, 41(2): 118-121.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.006 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (6301KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To retrospectively analyze 9 patients with anterior lingual gland tumors, and discuss their clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and prognosis. Methods: Between November 2010 and November 2023, 1619 patients with “tongue malignancy” were admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of the School of Medicine of Nanjing University (Nanjing Stomatological Hospital).All of them underwent surgical treatments, and 9 of them had malignant tumors of the anterior lingual glands, which were retrospectively analyzed. A retrospective analysis of these lesions was performed. Results: Among 9 patients, 4 cases were adenoid cystic carcinoma, 4 cases were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and 1 case was clear cell carcinoma.Those with small tissue defects were directly pulled together and sutured, and those with large tissue defects were repaired with flaps: 4 cases of forearm flap, 1 case of lateral muscle flap of the upper arm, and 1 case of under-chin island flap.The prognosis of all patients was good. Conclusion: Although the incidence of anterior lingual glandtumors is relatively low, once developed, its malignant degree is often high, with adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and clear cell carcinoma as the main types. The clinical manifestation is a well-demarcated mass in the abdomen of the tip of the tongue, with moderately hard texture and poor mobility. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for anterior lingual gland tumors, and the decision of postoperative adjuvant therapy is based on the specific nature of the tumor and the specifics of the surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In Vitro Study on Effect of Inhibiting IRE1α Pathway on Osteoclast Proliferation and Differentiation YU Chengbo, ZHANG Zhixiang, YU Yilin, CAO Yingguang, SONG Ke 2025, 41(2): 122-127.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.007 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (2278KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To investigate the role of inositol demanding enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathway in osteoclast differentiation. Methods: Mouse monocyte macrophage line RAW264.7 was induced to differentiate into osteoclasts by treating it with macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression levels of osteoclast differentiation related genes and proteins, as well as the expression of the IRE1α pathway. RAW264.7 was treated with IRE1α RNase inhibitor 4μ8c, and its effect on cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. During the induction of osteoclast differentiation, 4μ8c was used to treat the cells. The effect of 4μ8c on osteoclast formation was evaluated by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and the expression levels of osteoclast differentiation related proteins and IRE1α pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. RAW264.7 was treated with 4μ8c and stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to simulate an inflammatory environment. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors related to osteoclast differentiation. Results: The expression of IRE1α pathway increased during osteoclast differentiation, and 4μ8c not only significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells, but also inhibited osteoclast formation, and downregulated the protein levels of osteoclast differentiation related factors: nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK). Conclusion: The IRE1α pathway is activated during osteoclast differentiation. Inhibiting the IRE1α pathway not only inhibits the formation and proliferation of osteoclasts, but also downregulates the expression of osteoclast marker proteins and pro-inflammatory factors related to osteoclast differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of NLRP3 Inflammatome on Inflammatory Stimulation of Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts ZHANG Huang, MIAO Ruijing, FAN Xusheng, HUANG Jie, WANG Yongwu 2025, 41(2): 128-133.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.008 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (3354KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in primary human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). Methods: NLRP3 silencing RNA (siRNA) transfection was performed to silence NLRP3 in hGFs to induce inflammation by co-culturing with P.gingivalis (Pg) and intervened with 1 μmol/L BMS-986299, an NLRP3 agonist. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in each group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Western blot was adopted to evaluate NLRP3, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 precursors (pro-Caspase-1), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1), apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activating recruitment domain (ASC), Interleukin-1β precursors (pro-IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa-B phosphorylation (p-NF-κB)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and Gasdermins D (GSDMD). And immunofluorescence was performed to detect the NLRP3 localization. Results: Flow cytometry confirmed that NLRP3 silencing suppressed cell apoptosis. ELISA analysis demonstrated that NLRP3 silencing successfully reduced the expression of Pg-induced inflammation factors. Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that the blocking of NLRP3 significantly reduced NLRP3 inflammatory body activation, inhibited pro-IL-1β expression, NF-κB phosphorylation, and the activity of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. However, this beneficial effect was partially restored with the administration of BMS-98629. Conclusion: NLRP3 activates NLRP3 inflammatory bodies and inflammation-related pathways and promotes pyrolysis in hGFs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antimicrobial Studies of Liposome Nanoparticles Loaded with Indocyanine Green Against Streptococcus Gordonii In Vitro YANG Qing, CAO Shisheng, GUO Surong, MU Xingtong, ZHAO Cailing, ZHANG Juan 2025, 41(2): 134-139.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.009 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (5876KB) ( 3 )   Objective: To examine the antibacterial activities of liposomeloaded with indocyanine green (ICG) against streptococcus gordonii using photothermal photodynamic processes in vitro. Methods: The nanoprecipitation method was used to encapsulate ICG in liposomes to obtain indocyanine green nanoparticles (ICG NPs).The particle size and polydispersity index were characterized, and the encapsulation rate of ICG NPs was measured. The photothermal characteristics and generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) of free ICG and ICG nanoparticles were studied in vitro. Crystal violet staining and colony counting were used to assess the antibacterial efficacy of free ICG and ICG nanoparticles against streptococcus gordonii and to evaluate their effect on biofilm. A test for hemolysis was used to determine the biocompatibility of ICG nanoparticles. Results: ICG NPs had an encapsulation rate of 93.7%, an average particle size of (146±2) nm, and a polydispersity coefficient of 0.263. Compared to the control group, the number of colonies and biofilm biomass gradually decreased with the increase of ICG concentration under NIR irradiation (P<0.05). Additionally, the ICG NPs exhibited higher antimicrobial (99%) and anti-biofilm (87%) efficiencies. The amount of intracellular ROS gradually increased after different ICG and ICG NPs concentrations were irradiated by 1 W/cm2 of near-infrared light. ICG NPs had a hemolysis rate of only 3.34%. Conclusion: Periodontal streptococcus gordonii and biofilm can be efficiently destroyed by applying ICG NPs for antimicrobial photodynamic and photothermal therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory Effect of Oral Streptococcus Sanguis Extract on SKOV3 Cells SUN Pang, MA Shengli, GE Wenyu, LIU Yongtao 2025, 41(2): 140-146.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.010 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (1907KB) ( 4 )   Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Xue Lian Su (XLS), a kind of bacteriocin-like substance extracted from oral streptococcus sanguis, on ovarian cancer (OC) SKOV3 cell line and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: The effects of XLS and paclitaxel on the activity of SKOV3 cells were detected by CCK-8 method. The effects of XLS on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were detected by colony formation, Transwell, and cell scratch. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to analyze the regulation of XLS on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway and related protein expression. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ levels were detected to investigate XLS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Results: The viability of SKOV3 cells treated with XLS decreased with the increase of XLS concentration. XLS inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SKOV3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. XLS inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, regulated the expression of related gene proteins, and induced apoptosis. XLS could reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, increase oxidative stress and Ca2+ imbalance, and further destroy cell structure and function. Conclusion: XLS can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SKOV3 cells and induce apoptosis, showing the potential to significantly inhibit SKOV3 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Progressive Loading on Peri-implant Osseointegration LI Jiahe, WEI Lingfei, ZENG Ni, LIU Zhonghao 2025, 41(2): 147-154.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.011 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (5992KB) ( 11 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of progressive loading on implant osseointegration and marginal bone levels through animal experiment. Methods: Six male beagle dogs were selected, with three implants placed on each side of the mandibles and randomly allocated to immediate loading, progressive loading, and non-loading groups. The non-loading and immediate-loading groups used 2.5 mm and 7.0 mm healing abutments after implant surgery, respectively, and did not change the abutment height during the experiment. The progressive-loading group used a 2.5 mm abutment after implant surgery and loaded the implants by changing the height of the implant-healing abutment (3.5 mm, 5.5 mm, and 7.0 mm) at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after implant placement. The marginal bone levels peri-implant at 0, 4, 6, and 8 weeks following surgery were measured. At eight weeks, bone specimens were obtained for measurements of bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular number (Tb. N), trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), and BIC, as well as for Micro-CT analysis and hard tissue sections to look for new bone growth surrounding the implants. Results: A total of 36 implants were inserted, with only one failure in the immediate loading group, resulting in an overall survival rate of 97.2%. Marginal bone levels remained stable, with no significant changes in Micro-CT bone parameters. Active new bone production was seen in hard tissue sections, and the progressive and immediate loading groups' BIC values were significantly greater than those of the non-loaded group. Conclusion: In delayed implantation scenarios, progressive loading post-implantation promotes superior osseointegration compared to non-loading, leading to better bone integration results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Study on Impact of Interproximal Contact Changes of Single Crown Implants in Mandibular First Molars on Peri-implant Soft and Bone Tissues Health LUO Xin, LIU Honghong, ZHANG Zhihong, CHEN Jia, ZHU Dongao, YU Mengqin 2025, 41(2): 155-160.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.012 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 4 )   Objective: To observe the changes in interproximal contact of single crown implant in mandibular first molar after one year of loading, and to analyze the impact of these changes on the health of peri-implant soft and bone tissues and patient satisfaction. Methods: A total of 48 patients with 54 implants, who completed implant restoration at the Oral Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China from April 2022 to August 2023 were selected. Dental floss was used to evaluate the proximal and distal interproximal contact relationship of dental crowns. The results were recorded as: tight contact, loose contact, or no contact. Follow-up visits were conducted at 6 and 12 months post-loading to record the current interproximal contact and peri-implant probing depth, plaque index, and gingival index. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed at 12 months to measure peri-implant bone resorption, and a simple questionnaire survey was conducted for each patient. Results: Changes in interproximal contact were observed in 35.2% and 44.6% of cases at 6 and 12 months post-loading, respectively. The plaque index and gingival index in the loose contact group were significantly higher than those in the tight contact group at 6 months and 12 months (P<0.05). At 12 months, the probing depth in the no contact group was statistically significantly different from that in the tight contact group (P<0.05). Compared with the baseline period, there was a statistically significant difference in gingival index after 6 months and 12 months (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in other parameter groups (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in bone resorption around the implants among the three groups (P>0.05). Patients with changes in proximal contact were more likely to experience food impaction, which affected their satisfaction with the restoration outcome (P<0.05). Conclusion: Changes in the interproximal contact of mandibular first molars implant crowns increase the risk of food impaction and affect patient satisfaction. These changes also have some impact on the health of peri-implant soft tissues but do not show a significant impact on peri-implant bone resorption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Calcified Root Canal in Mandibular Anterior Teeth Using Dynamic Navigation Combined with Digital Intraoral Scanning Technology: A Case Report LU Chang, FAN Wei 2025, 41(2): 161-163.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.013 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (3481KB) ( 9 )   Dynamic navigation technology allows accurate localization and negotiation of calcified root canals, avoiding excessive dentin removal and reducing the probability of complications. Currently, the most common registration method for non-surgical endodontic treatment in dynamic navigation is U-shaped tube registration, which has disadvantages of secondary seating errors and the need to take additional cone beam CT (CBCT) scanning for registration. In this case, intraoral scan-assisted marker registration was used for dynamic navigation and the calcified root canal of the mandibular anterior teeth was successfully localized and negotiated, which demonstrated the feasibility of digital intraoral scanning technology applied to dynamic navigation registration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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GTR for Extensive Stage Ⅲ Class C Periodontitis with Third Degree Furcation Involvement:A Case Report HE Lijuan, PAN Taohua, WU Hao, LUO Xiaoliang 2025, 41(2): 164-166.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.014 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (5182KB) ( 14 )   Restoring the damaged periodontal tissue is key to treat periodontitis. This paper reports a case of extensive stage Ⅲ grade C periodontitis with third degree furcation involvement treated by guided tissue regeneration (GTR), and periodontal tissue regeneration was obtained after two years of follow-up. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mucinous Carcinoma of Skin Misdiagnosed as Sebaceous Cyst of Chin: A Case Report LI Shensui, TIAN Xudong, WANG Weili, TANG Zhenglong 2025, 41(2): 167-169.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.015 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (2768KB) ( 9 )   Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a rare malignant tumor originating from sweat glands, with insidious onset and various clinical manifestations, such as cysts, papules, nodules, or ulcers, which are easily misdiagnosed in clinical practice. In this paper, we report a rare case in which the first symptom was chin nodule, which was misdiagnosed as a sebaceous cyst and finally diagnosed as MC. We discuss the clinicopathological features of this type of tumor and analyze the reasons for misdiagnosis, with the aim to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and differentiation of MC in the head and neck region. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Periodontal-implant Restorative Multidisciplinary Treatment for Severe Periodontitis:8-year Follow Up SUN Yuhong, GUO Yun, FAN Mingzhe, ZENG Yu, GAO Ya, SUN Hualing, CAO Zhengguo 2025, 41(2): 170-174.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.02.016 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (6342KB) ( 33 )   Patients with severe periodontitis often lose teeth due to severe attachment loss, accompanied by local soft and hard tissue defects. It is necessary to design a personalized treatment plan based on the disease in combination with multiple disciplines to restore the integrity of the dentition, so as to achieve the long-term stability of the occlusal function and periodontal tissue. This paper reports the whole process of sequential treatment of a patient with severe periodontitis, including disease analysis, periodontal surgery, implant repair of missing teeth, supportive treatment, and follow-up observation for 8 years. References | Related Articles | Metrics