Journal of Oral Science Research

Study on Degradation and Biological Compatibility of PGS/PLLA Electrospuning Films.

ZHONG Ni,BAO Guangjie, LI Yan-mei, LV Wei, ZHANG Wen-xia, ZHAO Hong-bin,KANG Hong.

2016, 32(5): 427-431. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.001

Abstract ( 276 )

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Objective: To explore the feasibility of the poly-glycerol-sebacate/poly-l-lactic acid (PGS/PLLA) electrospuning film as a scaffold of goat TMJ disc tissue engineering by assessing the degradation and cytocompatibility in vitro. Methods: The morphological features, weight loss, pH value changes in the PBS, and the mechanical properties of the PGS/PLLA electrospuning films were evaluated during the degradation process. Moreover, the TMJ disc cells were co-cultured with the PGS/PLLA scaffold and the biocompatibility was assessed by MTT assays. Finally, the hematoxylin-eosin staining, safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry staining were tested on the 14^th day. Results: The PGS/PLLA electrospuning films showed proper degradation performance. Nontoxic properties and favorable cell proliferation were observed. Conclusion: TMJ disc cells can adhesive and proliferate on the PGS/PLLA scaffold. The PGS/PLLA can serve as a potential scaffold to repair the TMJ disc disease.

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Changes of CaMKⅡ Expression in Degenerative Cartilage of Rats Mandibular Condylar Induced by Unilateral Anterior Crossbite.

WAN Xiang-hong, ZHAN Mian, WANG Mei-qing.

2016, 32(5): 432-436. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.002

Abstract ( 338 )

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Objective: To investigate the changes of CaMKⅡexpression level in degenerative cartilage of rats mandibular condylar induced by unilateral anterior crossbite. Methods: Forty 6-week-old SD female rats were randomly and equally divided into UAC (unilateral anterior crossbite) group and the control group. Metal prosthesis was cemented to the left maxilla and mandible incisors of the UAC group rats to create the unilateral anterior crossbite relation. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the 4th or 8th week after stimulation of UAC. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and safranin O (SO) staining were carried out for studying the morphological changes of the condylar cartilage. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to observe CaMKⅡexpression, and real-time PCR analysis to detect the expression of differentiation and proliferation related genes in condylar cartilages. Results: There was an aberrant chondrocytes differentiation in UAC cartilage. The average thicknesses of condylar cartilage was decreased and SO positive staining area was reduced in UAC group compared with the same period controls and got worse with time. The percentage of CaMKⅡ positive cells was increased. The mRNA expression of differentiation related genes, such as CaMKⅡ and Mmp13, were up-regulated and the proliferation and matrix related genes like Pcna, Col2a1 and Aggrecan mRNA were down-regulated (P<0.05). Conclusion: Differentiation was enhanced and the expression of CaMKⅡ was significantly up-regulated in the degenerative condylar cartilage induced by the aberrant occlusion of UAC.

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Resistance to Cyclic Fatigue Failure of New Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments.

ZHAO Dan, PENG Bin.

2016, 32(5): 437-439. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.003

Abstract ( 281 )

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Objective: To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary endodontic instruments made of traditional or new nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys. Methods: 30/.06 Hyflex CM, TF, K3XF and K3 were tested in a simulated canal with 60° of curvature and 3-mm radius. The number of rotations until fracture was recorded for each instrument. All fracture surfaces were examined under the SEM. Results: Hyflex CM, TF and K3XF showed a significantly higher resistance to cyclic fatigue than K3. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed a typical pattern of cyclic fatigue fracture for Hyflex CM, TF, K3XF and K3 that was characterized by fatigue striations and microcrack. Conclusion: Hyflex CM, TF, and K3XF instruments composed of new thermal treated alloy appeared more resistant to cyclic fatigue failure than K3 in a simulated canal model.

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Preparation of Naturally Derived Acellular Bovine Pericardium for Guiding Bone Regeneration.

BAI Ming-hai, ZHANG Ting-ting, XIE Hui, WU Han-jiang, ZHAO Zhi-he, HE Zheng-quan, LIU Xin-yu.

2016, 32(5): 440-444. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.004

Abstract ( 292 )

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Objective: To find out the best way for decellularization and cross-linking of naturally derived bovine pericardiumto prepare GBR membrane which can meet the clinical demand. Methods: Natural bovine pericardium were decellularized using trypsin+ detergent method (I), trypsin +enzymatic nucleic acid method (II), trypsin+ detergent +enzymatic nucleic acid method (III), freeze- thaw+detergent method (IV), freeze-thaw + enzymatic nucleic acid method (V), or freeze- thaw+detergent + enzymatic nucleic acid method (VI), and then were cross-linked using glutaraldehyde or genipin. The best way of decellularization and cross-linked method were screened by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, cell toxicity test, determination of the mechanical properties, and measurement of the chemotactic properties. Results: Freeze- thaw+detergent + enzymatic nucleic acid method with bovine pericardium was the best method of decellularization. Genipin crosslinking method by which acellular bovine pericardium was crosslinked was better. Conclusion: Freeze- thaw+detergent + enzymatic nucleic acid method and genipin crosslinking method were ideal method for preparation of natural bovine pericardium.

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Effects of Sema3A on the Proliferation and Mineralization of a Cementoblast Cell Line OCCM-30.

QIU Yu, REN Ai-shu, PANG Qin, MA Xiao-juan, FU Gang.

2016, 32(5): 445-448. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.005

Abstract ( 377 )

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Objective: To investigate the effects of Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) on the proliferation and mineralization of cementoblasts. Methods: The immortalized murine cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 was treated with recombinant human Sema3A (0, 0.5, 1mg/L). Cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay. Alkaline phosphotase (ALP) activity was detected using an ALP kit. The mRNA levels of osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and Runx2 were investigated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Calcium deposition was assayed with Alizarin red staining (ARS). Results: The proliferation and the ALP activity of OCCM-30 treated with Sema3A were not significantly different from those of the control. The OCN and Runx2 mRNA expressions of the OCCM-30 treated with Sema3A significantly declined in contrast to that of the control. Sema3A also inhibited the mineral nodule formation in vitro compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: Sema3A did not obviously affect the proliferation, but suppressed the mineralization of the cementoblasts.

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Antibacterial Properties of Nano Silver-containing Orthodontic Cements in the Rat Caries Disease Model

LI Jie, LI Fu-jun.

2016, 32(5): 449-452. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.006

Abstract ( 231 )

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Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial properties of experimental nano silver-containing cements (NSC) in the rat caries disease model. Methods: Rat caries disease model was used to simulate the human oral environment. The sample teeth were bonded bracket base with adhesive onto the surface of the buccal half crowns of the first upper premolars. Then the bracket base was fixed at the lingual surface of the front teeth root in rats for a long-time preservation. After one and three months of implantation respectively, 25 samples were taken out from the mouth of the rats under local anesthesia. Then the scanning electron microscope observation was conducted. Results: The caries disease model was successfully built in rats. Through long-term observation, we found that the material samples did not affect the normal eating of rats, and there was almost no materials loss. The scanning electron microscope observation showed that the growth of streptococcus mutans was very active. One month later, Streptococcus mutans scattered or a small amount of them gathered into a cluster on GC Fuji ORTHO LC surface. While three months later, the amount of streptococcus mutans significantly increased and arranged in chains on the material surface. In the groups of NSC2, NSC3 and NSC4, the number of streptococcus mutans presented the downward trend and tended to disperse individually with the increase of nano silver content. Conclusion: The incorporation of silver nanoparticles enhanced the effect of GC Fuji ORTHO LC on the adhesion inhibition and killing of streptococcus mutans.

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Effect of Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Ceramic Bracket and Different Porcelains.

JIANG Hai-wei, SHI Xu-xu, BAI Li-xue, QIU Cheng-yu, XIAO Zhen.

2016, 32(5): 453-455. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.007

Abstract ( 239 )

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Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) between ceramic brackets and different porcelains, the surfaces of which were treated with three different methods. Methods: The surfaces of four kinds of specimens, i.e. PFM, casting porcelain, zirconium porcelain and aggregation porcelain, were sandblasted (SB), etched by hydrofluoric acid (HFA), or treated by the combination of sandblast and HFA etching (SB+HFA). Then they were coated by silane coupling agent (SCA) and were bond with ceramic bracket. The specimens were incubated in 37 ℃ water bath for 24h before the shear bond strength test. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was performed to observe surface roughness of the porcelains before bonding with the brackets and the adhesive residue and the damage extents on the surface after removal of brackets. Results: The shear bond strength of PFM, casting porcelain and aggregation porcelain were statistically different from zirconium porcelain (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the shear bond strength between PFM and casting porcelain. SEM showed the surface roughness and porosity were significantly increased after surface treatment compared with the untreated groups. The surface roughness of SB and SB+HFA groups was significantly higher than that of HFA group. No significant difference was found between SB and SB+HFA groups. The four kinds of porcelains treated with SB showed the least adhesive residue with the lowest adhesive residue index scored compared with other two treatments. Conclusion: Three kinds of surface treatment methods could satisfy the clinical needs of orthodontics. After the removal of ceramic bracket, the SB group showed the least adhesive residue on the surface of the porcelains. SB+HFA treatment did not increase the shear bond strength significantly.

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A Rational Study of 3-D External Expansion Appliance for Zygomatic Distraction Osteogenesis.

ZHANG Ju-hui, LIN Jia-jia, ZHANG Chun-xia, REN Wei, HU Hong-sheng, DENG Gang ,WANG En-qun

2016, 32(5): 456-459. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.008

Abstract ( 243 )

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Objective: To study the connection between the changes of alkaline phosphatase, bone gla protein, calcium and the formation of new bone. Methods: The specimen of sutural expansion osteogenesis (SEO) were ground into flour, centrifugalized, and then the quantitatively measured the level of alkaline phosphate (ALP), bone gla protein (BGP) and calcium (Ca). Results: The ALP level was raised after 1 week, culminated at (3.42±0.35)U/g after 3 weeks and descended obviously after 5 weeks. The BGP level was raised after 3 weeks, culminated at (74.86±2.71)ng/g after 5 weeks and descended obviously after 8 weeks. The Ca content was raised gradually, and closed to the level of control group after 8 weeks. Conclusion: Much ALP and BGP are formed in sequence in the course of SEO, and then the expanded sutures are calcified rapidly, which accelerates the form of new bone.

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IL-21 Regulates RANKL Expression and Proliferation Activity in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells via Notch Signal Pathway

XING Quan, QIN Wei, ZHANG Xiao-lei, FAN Ming-wen.

2016, 32(5): 460-463. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.009

Abstract ( 325 )

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Objective: To explore the effect of interleukin-21 (IL-21) via Notch signal pathway on the expression of RANKL/OPG and proliferation in hPDLCs and to investigate the possible role of IL-21 in bone resorption of apical periodontitis. Methods: hPDLCs were treated with IL-21 in different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50 μg/L). Then the optimal concentration (50μg/L) was used in the time-dependent experiment. The expressions of RANKL/OPG were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA. The expressions of RANKL/OPG were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA. Real-time PCR and western-blot were conducted to detect the expression of Notch1 in hPDLCs treated by IL-21. After pretreatment with GSI (5μmol/L) to inhibit Notch1 signaling pathway, the expressions of RANKL/OPG of hPDLCs treated with IL-21 (50μg/L) were investigated. CCK8 was carried out to detect the proliferation activity in the different groups of hPDLCs. Results: The expressions of RANKL were significantly up-regulated by IL-21. IL-21 decreased the cell proliferation activity in hPDLCs. Conclusion: IL-21 up-regulated the expression of RANKL and reduced proliferation activity in hPDLCs via Notch signal pathway.

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Application of Modified Preauricular and Temporal-conjunctival-intraoral Incision Approach in the Treatment of Orbital-maxillary-zygomatic Complex Fractures.

KE Re-mu·A Ba-si, LING Bin, MAI MAI-ti·TU ER-xun, LIN Zhao-quan, GONG Zhong-cheng.

2016, 32(5): 464-469. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.010

Abstract ( 431 )

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Objective: To compare treatment effectiveness between modified preauricular and temporal-conjunctival-intraoral united incision and coronal-subciliary-intraoral united incision in treating orbital-maxillary-zygomatic(OMZ) complex fractures. Methods: 170 cases of OMZ complex fractures were divided into two groups. 88 cases in the control group were treated via coronal-subciliary-intraoral united incision,and 82 cases in the test group were treated via modified preauricular and temporal-conjunctival-intraoral united Incision. Both groups were reducted and fixed with titanium-plates. We compared the treatment results of two groups including the operation time, operative blood loss, the length of the incision, the degree of swelling and post-operative incision scar, wound effusion, facial nerve function, orbital nerve function, the sensory function of the preauricular and temporal region, the incidence rate of Lacrimal duct injury and the lower eyelid ectropion, the incidence of depression of the temporal region, the effect of rigid internal fixation, and the degree of patient satisfaction. Results: There were less time of operation, less loss of operative blood, shorter length of incision, less tissue reaction, less scar, less wound effusion, less incidence of facial nerve and the sensory dysfunction of the preauricular and temporal region, less incidence rate of Lacrimal duct injury, lower eyelid ectropion and depression of the temporal region, but more patient satisfaction in test group than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the effect of rigid internal fixation and the incidence of orbital nerve dysfunction between two groups. Conclusion:The modified preauricular and temporal-conjunctival-intraoral united incision shows advantages of indistinguishable incison, slight injury and less complications.

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Correlation Between Abnormal MicroRNA Expression with Wnt Family in NSCL/P Patients

WANG Xin, WANG Shan, MENG Yan, QIANG Dong-xia, SHI Lei, SU Yan-guo, ZHAO Er-yang.

2016, 32(5): 470-473. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.011

Abstract ( 202 )

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Objective: To investigate the miRNA expression in nonsyndromic cleft lip patients with or without cleft palate and its correlation with Wnt family in nonsyndromic cleft lip patients with or without cleft palate. Methods: Gene chips of MiRCURY^TM probe were used to detect and compare the microRNA expression of the lip and palate tissues in 4 NSCL/P patients as well as umbilical cord tissues in 4 normal newborns. Results: In total, 254 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected, among which 181 up-regulate and 73 down-regulate (P<0.05). According to the fold change and P value, the top ten different miRNAs were selected for target prediction. The results showed that hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-205-5p, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-27b-3p and hsa-miR-720 are combined with Wnt5a, Wnt9b and Wnt10a. Conclusion: Differentially expressed miRNA may control the development of lip and palate by targeting Wnt family in embryonic period.

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Comparison of Viability and Apoptosis of Gingival Fibroblasts in the Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Healthy People.

DONG Yun-yun, SONG Li-ting, ZHU Dong-wang, DENG Jia-yin, JIANG Shao-yun.

2016, 32(5): 474-477. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.012

Abstract ( 259 )

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Objective: To investigate the differences in the proliferation and apoptosis of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) between patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy people and provide experimental evidence for the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis. Methods: HGFs were obtained from patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy people and cultured in vitro. Cell activity between two groups was detected by MTT assay. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic gene Bax in HGFs from the two groups, and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was compared. Results: Compared with the healthy group, the cell activity of the HGFs in chronic periodontitis group decreased significantly after 4 days culture (P<0.05). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax significantly decreased after 2 days and 4 days in vitro in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion: HGFs cells from patients with chronic periodontitis show low cell activity and high cell apoptosis, which indicates the susceptibility of periodontitis.

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Level and Influencing Factors of Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Oral Cancer.

XIAO Yan, ZHANG Pei-pei, LI Wen-lu, HE Wei.

2016, 32(5): 478-482. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.013

Abstract ( 294 )

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Objective: To investigate the level and influencing factors of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with oral cancer. Methods: Totally 85 patients who had had oral cancer surgery between May 2011 and January 2013 in the Department of Stomatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were eligible. HRQoL of patients was assessed by means of the 14-item oraI health impact profile (OHIP-14) and University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaires 12 months after operation. Results:76 questionnaires were collected (89.4%). UW-QOL: The highest-scoring domains were pain (77.3±6.3), anxiety (76.4±7.8) and activity (74.3±8.2), the lowest scoring domains were chewing (34.5±8.3), followed by saliva (46.4±4.8) and taste (49.9±3.9). OHIP-14: the best scoring domains were handicap (38.5±7.4), physical pain (46.8±10.2) and psychological disability (50.9±5.8), the worst-scoring domains were functional limitation (62.4±12.3), psychological discomfort (57.8±9.2) and physical pain (55.8±12.8). Conclusion:Oral cancer surgery could significantly influence the patients’ HRQoL. In order to improve the HRQoL of patients with oral cancer, nurses should make efforts to do well in nursing and strengthen nutritional support, psychological guidance and social support.

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Expression and Correlation of Naa10p and PrPc in Oral Squamous Cell Carcionoma.

ZHENG Jun, XU Jiang, YU Xin-le, ZHANG Jie, YANG Yang, ZHANG Kai-nan, ZENG Yan.

2016, 32(5): 483-486. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.014

Abstract ( 204 )

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Objective: To detect the expression and clinical significance of N-α-acetyltransferase10 protein (Naa10p) and cellular prion protein (PrPc) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa. Methods: The expressions of Naa10p and PrPc were detected by immunohistochemistry assay (EnvisionTM) in OSCC (112 cases), leukoplakia (42 cases) and normal mucosa tissues (11 cases), and the correlation between their expression and clinical features was analyzed. Results: The expression level of Naa10p and PrPc was the highest in OSCC, followed by leukoplakia, and the lowest in normal mucosa tissues. Naa10p expression in three different tissues was statistically significant (P<0.05). PrPc expression was significantly different in OSCC compared to oral leukoplakia and normal tissues (P<0.05), while there was no difference between oral leukoplakia and normal mucosa. In addition, Naa10p expression was correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and cell differentiation of patients with OSCC (P<0.05), but was not associated with gender and age. Moreover, PrPc expression was only positively correlated with cell differentiation in OSCC (P<0.05), while Naa10p expression was negatively correlated with cell differentiation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Naa10p and PrPc are associated with the tumorgenesis and metastasis of OSCC.

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Design of Visual Virtual Oral Implantation System Based on CBCT.

CHEN Zhong-zhong, ZHANG Jian-fei, WANG Qian-qian, YANG Ya-ru, ZHANG Peng, ZHU Hui-yu.

2016, 32(5): 487-489. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.015

Abstract ( 330 )

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Objective: To help medical staff perform the oral implant operation, based on CBCT data,an visual virtual implantation system was designed and realized. Methods: With the aid of the visualization algorithm in VTK kit, the system was compiled in VS platform. First, CBCT data were read and interpreted by the system. Then, the images of transverse, coronal and sagittal planes were generated and displayed in the system interface. After that, a surface model of the jaws was reconstructed through MC method. Finally, implant was selected and placed on a proper place in the model. Results: Virtual implant was realized using this system. Conclusion:The visual system can help medical staff plan operation scheme and communicate with the patients.

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Effects of Erbium:YAG Laser Irradiation on Bond Durability of an All-in-one Bonding System for Cervical Dentin.

HE Zheng-di, Shimada Yasushi, Tagami Junji, HU Xue-juan, CHEN Ling-ling, RUAN Shuang-chen.

2016, 32(5): 490-493. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.016

Abstract ( 239 )

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Objective: To investigate the effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation on micro-shear bond strength of an all-in--one bonding system for cervical dentin over a period of 1 year. Methods: Sixty cervical dentin slices obtained from extracted human third molars were prepared. After surface treatments by Er:YAG laser irradiation or 600-grit silicon paper polishing, the micro-shear bond strength of Tri-S Bond to cervical dentin were tested after 24 hours (24H), 7 days (7D), 6 months (6M) and 1 year (1Y). The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and t-test. Results: It was showed that bond strengths of lased dentin after 6M and 1Y were significantly lower than those of other groups. Conclusion: Er:YAG laser irradiation influenced the bond strength of Tri-S Bond to cervical dentin after 6 months and 1 year.

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Clinicopathological Observation of Oral Tissue of 55 Amyloidosis Cases.

XU Gang, CUI Quan-cai, DU De-shun.

2016, 32(5): 494-496. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.017

Abstract ( 270 )

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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of amyloidosis in the oral and maxillofacial region and evaluate the value of oral tissue biopsy to the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Methods: The clinical data of 55 amyloidosis cases from May 2010 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Oral tissue biopsy was applied for all of the patients by the authors and was analyzed by HE staining, alkaline Congo red staining and immunohistochemical staining. All sections were examined by transmitted and polarized light microscopy. One kidney biopsy tissue was observed via transmitted electron microscopy (TEM). Results: 46 oral tissue biopsy (gingival, glossa, lip and gland) presented positive outcome of amyloidosis with the positive rate of 84%. The amyloidosis was characterized as pink amyloid protein deposition under the basement membrane and in the wall of blood vessles, and was presented brick-like red by alkaline Congo red staining. The TEM results showed that the amyloid protein appeared like irregular and uneven flocculent structure. Conclusion: The amyloidosis in the oral and maxillofacial region mainly manifests enlargement, solidness and ulceration of the tongue. Oral tissue biopsy can provide an important evidence for amyloidosis disease diagnosis.

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Influence of Different Incisor Positions on Evaluating Facial Profile Esthetic in Skeletal Class II Patients.

HE Chang-ping, DENG feng, WANG Hua-qiao, HUANG Qian-qian, ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Yi.

2016, 32(5): 497-501. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.018

Abstract ( 348 )

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Objective: To study the influence of incisor position on facial profile esthetic inskeletal class II adult femaleduring camouflage treatment. Methods: A Chinese young female with skeletal class II hard and soft tissue was chosen as research object, lateral cephalogram and lateral profile photograph of post-orthodontic treatment were taken in natural head position. Photoshop software was chosen to change the position of incisors, then those changes were reflected to lip based on accepted ratios of soft tissue to hard tissue changes.Finally, 12 different profile pictures were achieved. 37 professional orthodontists and 40 non-professionals were chosen to score for these pictures. Results: The preferable profiles were those with lower incisor inclination of 90 or 92.5 degrees, and those with FA Points of maxillary incisors 1 or 2mm behind the goal anterior limit line(GALL line). Conclusion: In skeletal class II adult orthodontic treatment, attractive soft tissue profiles were achieved when the lower incisor and upper incisor were kept in a labial and lingual tipping position respectively,and the ideal lower incisors labial inclination was kept between 90° and 95°.Excessive labial inclination of lower incisors easilyruin a pleasing smiling appearance.

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Soft Tissue Augmentation for Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization in the Maxillary Anterior Area Using Two Different Methods: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

WANG Qun, LU Yu, HU Fang-fang, GAN Chao-bing, NING Ye, KANG Lin, WU Hai-zhen.

2016, 32(5): 502-505. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.019

Abstract ( 273 )

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Objective: The aim is to compare pedicle connective tissue grafts (PSCTG) with free subepithelial connective tissue grafts (FSCTG) in augmenting soft tissue to have good esthetic outcome in the anterior maxilla. Methods: Twenty-nine immediate implantations in the esthetic zone were randomly allocated to the PSCTG group or the FSCTG group. The clinical outcomes were observed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the PES score between 2 groups. Results: The clinical survival rates were 100% and 93.33% for the group grafted with PSCTG and group grafted with FSCTG, respectively. The change of facial gingival tissue thickness was (1.57±0.74)mm and (1.45±0.61)mm. The PES score was 8.50±1.34 and 7.80±1.74, respectively. There was not significant difference between two groups. The aesthetically acceptable frequency for the PSCTG group was higher than that for the FSCTG group. Conclusion: Soft tissue augmentation for immediately single tooth implantation in the anterior maxilla was successfully performed using both techniques. The PSCTG was more likely to survive because of better blood supply.

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Utilization of Bacterial Array-CGH to Compare the Differences of Genomic in Different Strains of Porphyromonas Gingivalis.

LI Xin-yue, ZHANG Liang, LV Li-juan, MA Jian, ZHOU Wei-ping, HUANG Shu-jun, ZHOU Xiang-cheng, HE Jun-cheng, YE Ning.

2016, 32(5): 506-509. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.020

Abstract ( 186 )

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Objective: To identify the genomic differences among different strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)to provide a basis for further exploration of periodontitis. Methods: According to the whole-genome sequencing of 12 P.gingivalis strains, the probes and the whole-genomic chip were designed. After extracting the genomic DNA of highly toxic strain P.gingivalis W83 and minimally toxic strain P.gingivalis ATCC 33277, array-CGH was used to compare the differences and PCR was employed to verify the array results and accuracy. Results: This global comparative analysis showed the difference of continuous fragments between W83 and ATCC 33277, and the unique genes in W83 might contribute to the virulence and associate with the invasion ability of P.gingivalis. Verification with PCR confirmed the consistency with array-CGH. Conclusion: Array-CGH is an effective method to compare the genomic differences among clinical strains of periodontitis.

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Application of PDCA Circle in Reducing the Incidence of Dry Socket following the Extraction of Mandibular Impacted Third Molars.

YU Xue-zhou, HU Tu-qiang, ZHOU Yong-qing, WANG Yu-pei.

2016, 32(5): 510-512. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.021

Abstract ( 227 )

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Objective: To explore the application effects of PDCA circle method in reducing the incidence of dry socket following the extraction of mandibular impacted third molars. Methods: We collected material, found problem, analyzed the reason, set plan, organized and implemented the plan, and evaluated the effects using PDCA circulation method. 1186 mandibular impacted third molars were divided into improvement group (n=602) and control group (n=584). The incidences of dry socket within two groups were compared. Results: The incidence of dry socket in the improvement group was 4.4%, and that in the control group was 9.6%. There was significant difference between two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: The PDCA circulation method is effective in reducing the incidence of dry socket following removal of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth, which is an effective way to improve the quality of medical treatment.

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Expressions and Significances of Leukocyte-associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor 2 and Transforming Growth Factor-β in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus.

CHEN Ye.

2016, 32(5): 513-516. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.022

Abstract ( 190 )

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Objective: To investigate the expressions and significances of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2 (LAIR-2) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in peripheral blood of patients with oral lichen planus. Methods: 53 cases of oral lichen planus patients and 50 healthy people were selected. The expression of LAIR-2 in peripheral regulatory T cells was tested using flow cytometry. The level of TGF-β in plasma was detected by ELISA method. Results: The expression rate of LAIR-2 in peripheral regulatory T cells of oral lichen planus patients was (4.62±0.33)%, which was significantly lower than (6.47±0.28)% of the control group (P<0.05). The level of TGF-β in peripheral blood of oral lichen planus patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the positive expression of LAIR-2 in peripheral of oral lichen planus patients was negatively correlated with the levels of TGF-β (r=-0.416, P=0.011). Conclusion: The expression of LAIR-2 in regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of oral lichen planus patients was reduced, but the levels of TGF-β was elevated. This might relate to the inhibition of T cell-mediated immunity and relate to the occurrence and progression of oral lichen planus.

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Preliminary Clinical Study on the Application of Three Dimensional Printing Technology to Reconstruct Mandibular Defects.

ZHANG Yun-qi, JIA Bao-jun, AO Jian-hua, QU Dan-yang, LEI Ming.

2016, 32(5): 517-520. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.023

Abstract ( 476 )

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Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of implants individualized by three dimensional printing technology in reconstruction of mandibular defects. Methods: Included in this study were three patients with segmental defects of mandible. The digital data of three dimensional mandibular model were obtained by spiral CT. In two out of three cases, a resin model of mandible was made by 3D printing technology and then the titanium plate for reconstruction was individualized according to the resin model before operation. In the rest one case, the digital data of the implant were carefully designed before operation, and directly inputted into the three dimensional printing machine so that an individualized implant with condyle was manufactured. The lesion segment in mandible was resected according to pre-operation design, and meanwhile the printed implant or ilia graft was planted. Results: In application of three dimensional printing technology in reconstructing mandibular defects, customized implants fitted the defects smoothly; the operations became much easier; bone remodeling became quicker and more accurate. All patients were followed up for 3-11 months, and they were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. Meanwhile stable occlusions were gained and no loosening, displacing or losing of the plant was found. Conclusion: Application of three dimensional printing technology to repair mandibular defects can not only shorten the operation time, reduce the surgical trauma, but also improve the accuracy of mandibular reconstruction, and achieve both aesthetics and function at the same time, which provides a fast and effective method for the simulated reconstruction of mandible.

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Submental Island Flap for Repair of Retromolar and Soft Palate Defects

MENG Sha-sha, JIE Ya-qiong, HAN Xin-guang, SUN Xiao-jing.

2016, 32(5): 521-523. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.024

Abstract ( 262 )

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Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the submental island flap in the reparation of retromolar and soft palate defects. Methods: Retromolar and soft palate defects resulted by extended resection due to oral malignant neoplasm were reconstructed with the submental island flaps in 26 cases. Results: In our study, flap necrosis occurred in 2 out of 26 cases. Donor sites gained primary healing in all cases. 21 patients were followed up from 6 to 45 months. All these patients were satisfied with the long-term functions (speech and swallowing) and cosmetic outcomes. No local recurrence was found during follow-up, and no flap necrosis occurred during the radiotherapy. Conclusion: The submental island flap is a feasible option for repairing retromolar and soft palate defects in treating oral malignant neoplasm.

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Mathematical Analysis of Duplicating upper Anterior Tooth Morphology by CAD Mirror-image.

LI Rui-ying, YAO Jiang-wu.

2016, 32(5): 524-526. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.025

Abstract ( 263 )

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Objective: To assess the mathematical match virtual prostheses reconstructed by the modes of mirror-image (MI),biogenericreconstruction (BR), and wax-ups (WU) on the original upper anterior tooth morphology. Methods: Twenty intact upper anterior teethwere included. Preparations of all ceramic crowns were performed on the gypsum model and scannedbefore and afterpreparations. The virtual prostheses were formed by the MI, BR, and WU as well as the original teeth (CEREC^ software v4.0). Discrepancies were evaluated by matching the scans with the original morphologies using the parameters of three-dimensional distance (3-DD) and rate of volume change(RVC)(Geomagic Qualifyv7.0, USA). Datawere analyzed by one-way ANOVA and rank sum test. Results: 3-DD differences of MI and BR were significantly less than those of WU (P<0.05), but there was nosignificant difference between MI and BR. There were significant differences in RVC between MI and BR as well as WU (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found between BR and WU. Conclusion: The MI model enables a closer reconstruction of upper anterior teeth than BR and WU.

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Expression and Significances of Integrin-linked Kinase and Nitric Oxide Synthase in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

GUAN Yong-yu

2016, 32(5): 527-530. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.026

Abstract ( 201 )

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Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: 71 cases of tumor and adjacent tissues of patients with OSCC undergoing surgical resection were collected. The expression of ILK, eNOS and iNOS in tumor and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The positive expression rates of ILK, eNOS and iNOS in adjacent tissues were 39.4%, 45.1% and 29.6%, and most of them were weakly positive, while in OSCC tissues were 98.6%, 93.0% and 95.8%, and most of them were strongly positive. The expression levels of ILK, eNOS and iNOS in OSCC tissues were significantly higher than the adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of ILK and iNOS in OSCC tissues were correlated with the degree of cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of ILK in OSCC tissues was positively correlated with the expression of iNOS (r=0.529, P=0.000). Conclusion: Up-regulated expression of ILK, eNOS and iNOS in OSCC might be involved in the cell invasion and metastasis through promoting tumor angiogenesis.

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Comparison of Success Rate of Two Kinds of Micro-implant System in Posterior Area

LEI Fei-fei, LIANG Rui, ZHANG Xiao-jie, ZENG Jun-ling, LING Chu-ru.

2016, 32(5): 531-533. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.027

Abstract ( 207 )

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Objective: To compare the stability of two kinds of micro-screw system placed in maxillary posterior area. Methods: 102 patients were selected with 176 micro-screws placed. Possible influencing factors including the kinds of micro-screws, age and skeletal patterns were analyzed by Chi-square tests through SPSS Statistical Package. Results: Different kinds of micro-screws and different skeletal patterns exhibited significantly different failure rates (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between age groups. Conclusion: Higher failure rates were conformed in group of stainless steel micro-screws compared with Ti-alloy micro-screws. The failure rates in high angle cases were higher than those of lower and average angle cases.

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Influence of Total Glucosides Paeony on the Expression of IFN-γand IL-10 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus

YAN Xin-hong, ZHANG Bo.

2016, 32(5): 534-537. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.028

Abstract ( 205 )

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Objective: To explore the influence of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on the expression of IFN-γand IL-10 in peripheral blood of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: 38 patients with OLP were randomly divided into control group and research group. There were 18 patients in the control group, who were extracted the residual roots and residual crowns, and used 0.1% tacrolimus ointment for topical treatment. There were 20 patients in the research group, who were administrated with TGP capsules besides the treatment of control group. The clinical curative effect was compared. The expression of IFN-γand IL -10 in the peripheral blood between two groups of patients was also compared before and after treatment. Results: Compared with control group (44.4%), the total effective rate of research group (75%) was significantly increased. After treatment,the expressions of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the research group were significantly increased. Conclusion: TGP treatment of OLP has good clinical curative effect, which may associate with the increased IFN-γ and IL-10 in the peripheral blood of patients.

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Pathologic Research Progress of Fibronectin EDA.

YANG Yue, WANG Hai-cheng, PENG Jin, LI Cui-ying, JIANG Jiu-hui.

2016, 32(5): 538-540. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.029

Abstract ( 372 )

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Fibronectin is an adhesive extracellular matrix glycoprotein. Its primary gene transcription is alternatively spliced in three regions: designated EDA, EDB and IIICS. EDA is associated with a variety of cellular processes, such as embryogenesis, malignancy and wound healing. Here we discuss the biological properties and possible application of EDA.

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Research Progress of Osteogenesis Mechanism of Magnesium Alloys.

GUO Yu,LOU Yi-xin,ZHOU Yan-min,ZHAO Jing-hui.

2016, 32(5): 541-544. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2016.05.030

Abstract ( 313 )

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Magnesium alloys have good biocompitability and biodegradation,the elastic modulous of which is similar to normal bone tissue. They can also promote new bone formation, thus show great prospects as bone implant materials. This review summarizes the properties and osteogenesis phenomena and mechanism of magnesium alloys.

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