Abstract: Objective: To investigate the expressions and significances of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2 (LAIR-2) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in peripheral blood of patients with oral lichen planus. Methods: 53 cases of oral lichen planus patients and 50 healthy people were selected. The expression of LAIR-2 in peripheral regulatory T cells was tested using flow cytometry. The level of TGF-β in plasma was detected by ELISA method. Results: The expression rate of LAIR-2 in peripheral regulatory T cells of oral lichen planus patients was (4.62±0.33)%, which was significantly lower than (6.47±0.28)% of the control group (P<0.05). The level of TGF-β in peripheral blood of oral lichen planus patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the positive expression of LAIR-2 in peripheral of oral lichen planus patients was negatively correlated with the levels of TGF-β (r=-0.416, P=0.011). Conclusion: The expression of LAIR-2 in regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of oral lichen planus patients was reduced, but the levels of TGF-β was elevated. This might relate to the inhibition of T cell-mediated immunity and relate to the occurrence and progression of oral lichen planus.