Abstract: Dental caries, the most common bacterial diseases for mankind, is oral chronic infection disease that under the combined action of various factors to bacterial factors and is characterized by oral microbial ecology imbalance. Because dental plaque is prerequisites of caries, at present, the focus of dental caries prevention is still concentrated in removing dental plaque that is composed of a large number of symbiotic microorganisms actually. Therefore, an idea to "remove or kill" all the microorganisms in dental plaque oppositely creates an open and non-competitive environment for pathogenic microorganisms. People gradually realize that the traditional method of prevention or treatment of dental caries is unable to fundamentally solve not reversible tooth tissue damage and bacterial resistance. Probiotics and antimicrobial peptide are present at the right moment. They regulate the oral microbial ecology balance through the inhibition of toxic effects of oral pathogenic bacteria. Now, it has become the new method to prevent and treat dental caries.

Key words: Caries, Probiotics, Replacement therapy, Antimicrobial peptide