穿窦种植的临床应用进展

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.07.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 穿窦种植是在上颌后牙区植入长种植体,向前上方倾斜30°~45°,穿过上颌窦,种植体尖端进入上颌窦前壁和鼻腔外侧壁之间的骨质内,种植体可获得3层骨皮质固位:上颌骨牙槽嵴、上颌窦底壁和上颌窦前壁。初期稳定性高,为即刻修复提供了良好的基础,适用于上颌窦严重气化、上颌后牙区严重骨量不足和上颌窦前下壁呈L形或凹形等情况下的种植体植入。与颧种植相比,穿窦种植手术创伤小、并发症少,可作为颧种植的替代方法。

关键词: 穿窦, 种植, 上颌骨萎缩, 上颌窦, 初期稳定性

Abstract: Trans-sinus implant is a technique for the immediate fixed restoration of the posterior maxilla in patients with reduced bone height and sinus pneumatization. A longer implant can be inserted, with crestal position at the first molar or at the second premolar and with 30°-45° degrees of mesial inclination, through the sinus to have its apical portion anchored in the anterior sinus wall bone, engaging 3 cortical layers: the alveolar crestal bone, floor of the sinus cavity, and anterior sinus wall with its body. The level of primary stability is theoretically higher than conventional implant insertion with simultaneous sinus elevation. Therefore, delivering an immediate restoration is possible, resulting in reduced total treatment time and the prompt reestablishment of function and esthetics for the patient. This approach is suggested in the posterior maxilla atrophy and when an 'L'(or concave) anterior sinus wall anatomy is present. This technique could be considered as the first choice of treatment option when indicated due to some clinical advantages to utilization of zygomatic implants. There is less surgical morbidity and is similar to a standard lateral sinus approach. Potential complications compared to zygomatic implants are reduced as the surgical trauma to the patient during operative period is reduced.

Key words: trans-sinus, implant, atrophic maxilla, maxillary sinus, primary stability

郑悦, 张森林. 穿窦种植的临床应用进展[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2025, 41(7): 552-555.

ZHENG Yue, ZHANG Senlin. Progress on Clinical Application of Trans-sinus Implant[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2025, 41(7): 552-555.

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