Abstract: Objective: To improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment by retrospective analyzing the case of osteomyelitis secondary to pycnodysostosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on osteomyelitis secondary to pycnodysostosis in Nnazi Mmoja Hospital of Zanzibar from June 2013 to June 2015. The clinical data, imaging data, treatment methods, and follow-up data of patients were analyzed. Results: After treatment by antibiotics and sequestrum scraping or resection of dead bone, the normal values of ESR, CRP and blood routine were obtained. Four out of five patients were cured, while 1 patient showed recurrence within 12 to 24 months' follow-up. Conclusion: Pycnodysostosis is rare. Oral craniomaxillofacial characterization can be used as a key point for differential diagnosis of the pycnodysostosis. Antibiotic therapy and resection of dead bone in jaw lesions may be the preferred method for patients with pycnodysostosis secondary to osteomyelitis of jaw.

Key words: pycnodysostosis, mandible, osteomyelitis, surgical procedures, retrospective analysis