Abstract: The root canals of the maxillary second molar have more variation in quantity and complexity in configuration, easily leading to treatment failure once omitted. To achieve perfect root canal treatment, it depends on the familiarity with the anatomical variation of the root canals, the root canal microscope, and other diagnostic tools. At the same time, the careful exploration and adequate liquidation of root canals, and the heat gutta-percha vertical condensation technique are also essential. The article reports a case of right maxillary second molar with five canals exhibiting double proximal buccal canals and two palatal canals.

Key words: Maxillary second molar, Five root canals, Root canal therapy