Correlation between Sleep Quality and Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.04.008

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between sleep quality and periodontal condition in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: T2DM patients in Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2021-January 2022 were selected. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality. According to the PSQI score, the patients were divided into the sleep group (Poor groups, n=118) and the healthy control group (Good group, n=127). The general information, blood indicators, and various periodontal indicators were collected. The data were analyzed using SPSS27.0 software to evaluate the correlation between sleep quality and severity of periodontitis as well as periodontal indicators. Results: A total of 245 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. There was a significant difference in the distribution of periodontitis severity between the Poor group and the Good group (P<0.001). The PSQI score was positively correlated with clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), and the percentage of sites with PD≥6 mm (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, the Poor group had a higher risk of developing stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis (OR=3.171, 95%CI: 2.652-4.941, P<0.05), compared with the Good group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with CAL (OR=0.714, 95%CI: 0.157-1.527, P<0.05), but not significantly associated with PD. Conclusion: There is a correlation between poor sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes and the severity of periodontitis as well as periodontal indicators. The specific relationship and related mechanisms are worthy of further exploration.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, attachment loss

CHENG Qian, YE Fang. Correlation between Sleep Quality and Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2026, 42(4): 312-317.

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