Craniofacial Compensation in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Mechanisms and Orthodontic Treatment Strategies

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.06.003

Abstract

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep. Its pathogenesis is closely associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and the resultant craniofacial compensatory changes. While adenotonsillectomy (AT), as the first-line treatment, can resolve soft tissue obstruction, it fails to correct established craniofacial adaptations, necessitating orthodontic intervention. This review elucidates the mechanisms of craniofacial compensation in children with OSA and emphasizes the critical role of orthodontic treatment in addressing these changes. We further aim to optimize comprehensive treatment strategies and advance multidisciplinary collaboration for children with OSA.

Key words: obstructive sleep apnea, children, malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, mouth breathing, craniofacial compensation

WU Ziyi, FENG Jianying. Craniofacial Compensation in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Mechanisms and Orthodontic Treatment Strategies[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2026, 42(6): 472-477.

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