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    28 June 2023, Volume 39 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    The Challenges, Key Factors and Progress of Periodontal Regeneration Therapy
    YAN Fuhua, YUAN Zhiyao
    2023, 39(6): 473-478.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.001
    Abstract ( 451 )   PDF (1036KB) ( 605 )  
    The ultimate goal of periodontal disease treatment is to achieve periodontal tissue regeneration. However, it is difficult to achieve a true periodontal regeneration. Increasing the clinical predictability of periodontal regeneration and restoring the structure and function of cementum-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex remain great challenges. This article provides a brief overview of the challenges faced in periodontal regeneration treatment and explores the possible solutions based on the key elements of periodontal regeneration and recent research progress.
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    Application of Laser in Treatment of Periodontal Tissue Problems during Orthodontics
    BI Lan, ZHANG Ronghe
    2023, 39(6): 479-482.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.002
    Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (799KB) ( 293 )  
    During orthodontic treatment, periodontal tissues including gingival, alveolar bone, periodontal membrane, and cementum are the support and foundation of tooth movement. Therefore, effective methods should be taken to treat periodontal tissue problems during orthodontic treatment. In recent years, laser has been paid more and more attention for its safe, minimally invasive, and highly targeted characteristics. It can be used to deal with various periodontal problems during orthodontics, such as peri-nail inflammation, periodontal disease, acceleration of alveolar bone remodeling, and acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. This paper reviews the application of laser in this field, introduces the working principle and application direction, and provides the basis for better clinical application.
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    Effects of Sintering Times on Properties of CAD/CAM Machinable Ceramic Restorations
    WU Yanzhu, LIU Qian
    2023, 39(6): 483-486.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.003
    Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (787KB) ( 260 )  
    Due to its high efficiency and accuracy, CAD/CAM, as a novel dental restoration technology, has been widely applied in clinics. Although this restoration technique exhibits high success rate, the results could still be affected by several factors, such as mechanical and aesthetic properties. In addition, the success rate could also be influenced by the processing technique of materials. In the production process, different steps may affect the restoration performance to various degrees. In clinical practice, the number of sintering may be changed from case to case for the purpose of color change and adjacency contact, which causes the post-cutting sintering to be a significant concern. In this paper, an extensive and comprehensive review is conducted on the effects of sintering times on the CAD/CAM machinable material restoration to summarize useful information to dental technicians as well as clinical work.
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    Recent Advance on Examination Methods of Invasion Depth of Early Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    CHEN Zhuoxuan, CHEN Linlin
    2023, 39(6): 487-490.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.004
    Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (959KB) ( 398 )  
    Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy of the oral and maxillofacial region. The 8th edition Cancer Staging Manual of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) refines the T categorization of oral cancer by incorporating the depth of invasion. The implementation of neck dissection is determined by the precise depth of invasion before surgery, and it is also beneficial to the evaluation of prognosis. This review summarizes the methods of histopathology, intraoral ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to measure the depth of invasion of OSCC in recent years.
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    Preliminary Development and Verification of CBCT Image Intelligent Measurement System in Implant Surgery Area
    MA Xuechun, HUANG Hanxiao, SHEN Xiaojing, NING Nan, LIU Zhonghao
    2023, 39(6): 491-495.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.005
    Abstract ( 145 )   PDF (3363KB) ( 393 )  
    Objective: To develop and validate a new intelligent measurement system for CBCT image in the implant surgery area. Methods: With Qt as the development framework, the VCG library was used to read and process the tooth model, and the intelligent analysis system for CBCT image diagnostic parameter measurement in implant surgery area was developed. The intelligent measurement results of the system were compared with the manual measurement results to evaluate the differences between them. Results: An intelligent analysis system was successfully developed to allow users to select the tooth position and automatically measure the CBCT image for diagnostic parameters in the implant surgery area. For the measurement of various implant diagnostic parameters, there was no statistical difference between the intelligent measurement method and the manual measurement method (P>0.05), and the measurement results were reliable. Conclusion: The parameters measurement results of the intelligent measurement system are reliable, which can provide reference for preoperative planning.
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    Accuracy of Implant Height and Width Measurement Based on Cone-beam CT
    YUAN Zhengding, MOU Yongbin, LI Shuyuan, LIN Zitong
    2023, 39(6): 496-499.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.006
    Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (2328KB) ( 178 )  
    Objective: To investigate the accuracy of implant height and width measurement in the mandibular first molar region based on cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to establish an accurate method for bone measurement in the implant region. Methods: CBCT images of 64 patients with mandibular first molar implants were collected. Two methods were used to measure sagittal height (SH),coronal height (CH),sagittal width (SW), and coronal width (CW) of dental implants. Method 1: the images were analyzed using the built-in software NNT 9.0 software. An oral radiology postgraduate student reconstructed the sagittal and coronal images based on his experience. The SH1,CH1,SW1, and CW1 were measured on the reconstructed images. Method 2: the raw data were demonstrated in expert mode of NNT 9.0 software, in which the coronal axis and sagittal axis were rotated paralleling to the long axis of the implant for reconstruction. The same student reconstructed and measured SH2,CH2,SW2, and CW2. The results of two methods were compared with the actual implant size (H0, W0). The paired T-test was performed for statistical analysis. Results: For method 1, there was no significant differences between SH1 and H0 (P>0.05), but significant differences between CH1 and H0,SW1 and W0, and CW1 and W0 (P<0.05). For method 2, there were no significant differences between all measurements and actual size (P<0.05).Conclusion: The modified triaxial rotation method is more accurate for implant height and width measurements on CBCT images.
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    Effects of Impacted Supernumerary Teeth on Adjacent Maxillary Central Incisors in Children and Adolescent Based on CBCT
    CHEN Tao, MA Xiaowei, YAO Qin, SHI Yawei, WANG Dongmiao, CHENG Jie
    2023, 39(6): 500-504.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.007
    Abstract ( 137 )   PDF (1729KB) ( 307 )  
    Objective: To explore the effect of impacted supernumerary teeth in the anterior region on the development and eruption of adjacent maxillary central incisors in children and adolescents. Methods: This study retrospectively collected patients diagnosed with impacted supernumerary teeth in the maxillary central incisor region. To measure and compare the maxillary incisor tooth length, crown length, root length, angle with palatal plane, angle with median sagittal plane and height difference with occlusal plane of the affected maxillary central incisors and contralateral homonymous, CBCT images were obtained and analyzed using InVivo5 software, and the impacted side (case group) was compared to the normal side (control group). Results: Among the 201 patients included in the study, (1) no statistically significant difference in maxillary incisor crown length was found between the case group (11.00±1.09) mm and the control group (11.09±0.92) mm (P>0.05). (2) significant differences were found between the case group and the control group in root length (9.08±2.83) mm vs (9.75±2.82) mm, tooth length (20.08±2.92) mm vs (20.85±2.72) mm, and crown-root ratio 1.39±0.65 vs 1.28±0.58 (P<0.05). (3) the angle between the long axis of the incisor and the palatal plane was (112.7±12.8)°vs (117.3±11.3)° in the case and control groups respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). (4) there was no statistically significant difference in the angle between the long axis of the tooth and the mid-sagittal plane, which was (7.4±18.3)°vs (7.3±11.4)° in the case and control groups respectively (P>0.05). (5) a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in the height difference of the maxillary incisor crown eruption, with a value of 2.01 mm (P<0.05).Conclusion: The presence of impacted supernumerary teeth in maxillary central incisor area affects normal development and eruption of adjacent maxillary central incisors.
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    Study on the Error of CBCT Images of Alveolar Crest of Proposed Implant Site in Posterior Dental Region
    LIU Ya, WEI Luming, LI Xiaofei, LI Xiaoming, YUAN Changyong, WANG Penglai
    2023, 39(6): 505-509.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.008
    Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (2912KB) ( 216 )  
    Objective: To explore the error of CBCT images of the alveolar crest with discontinuous and fuzzy boundary in the proposed implant site in posterior dental region three months after the extraction. Methods: The trial was conducted at Department of Implantology, affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, from April 2022 to September 2022. Forty patients with a single molar missing for 3 months and CBCT showing discontinuous and fuzzy alveolar crest boundary in the missing area were included in the trial. The experimental group used the automatic bone threshold segmentation function provided by the medical 3D reconstruction software to extract the 2D mask of the alveolar bone image at the proposed implant site, while the control group used the manual interpretation method to extract the 2D mask of the alveolar bone image at the proposed implant site. Finally, the 3D digital model of the alveolar bone was reconstructed based on 2D mask, and compared with the optical model of alveolar crest obtained during the operation. The mean deviation (AVG) and root mean square (RMS) values of the differences between two groups were calculated using the deviation analysis algorithm. Results: The AVG and RMS of the CBCT reconstruction model and the optical scanning model at the implant site in the experimental group were (2.26±0.36) mm and (2.35±0.26) mm, respectively, which were greater than those in the control group [AVG was (1.25±0.21) mm, RMS was (1.31±0.20) mm], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Three months after tooth extraction, when the CBCT image of the alveolar crest is discontinuous and fuzzy, the error of the position of the alveolar crest interpreted manually was smaller than that obtained automatically by the software, and both of them had a certain error with the actual boundary of the alveolar crest. Therefore, the possible impact should be fully considered when planning the implant treatment program.
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    Clinical Study of Keratinized Gingiva Augmentation in Maintaining Implant Stability with Chronic Periodontitis
    LU Jie, XU Yan, ZOU Chenyang
    2023, 39(6): 510-514.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.009
    Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (3607KB) ( 499 )  
    Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of apically positioned flap combined with free gingival graft on the reconstruction of implant keratinized gingiva in patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients with insufficient keratinized gingiva around implants were selected and randomly divided into FGG group and control group, with 19 implants in each group. The clinical parameters, including keratinized tissue width (KTW), peri-implant probing depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), modified plaque index (mPI), mucosal recession (MR), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were compared between two groups at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment.Results: During the period, the implant function of two groups was good, and some measurement indicators (KTW, GI, mPI, GR, MBL) in the FGG group were improved compared with the baseline (P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the conditions of peri-implant tissues (KTW, GI, PI, GR) in the FGG group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: APF combined with FGG is a practical method to reconstruct the keratinized gingiva of implants in patients with periodontitis. It can maintain the health and stabilize the bone level around the implant in short term.
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    Effect of CGRP on Mock-microenvironment around Implants and the Building-up of CGRP Sustained Release System on Titanium Plate Surface
    XUE Shenghao, WU Meichen, LI Jian, LEI Lei, LIU Zhongning, JIANG Ting
    2023, 39(6): 515-521.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.010
    Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (3611KB) ( 112 )  
    Objective: To explore the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and its optimal concentration, and to build up a CGRP sustained-release system on the surface of titanium plate to detect its nerve growth promoting effect. Methods: The proliferation and differentiation of hBMSCs induced by different concentrations of CGRP (0-10-6 mol/L) were measured. According to the concentration of CGRP induced the best cell activity of hBMSCs, the effects of CGRP on the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the expression of osteogenic related genes and proteins were determined. The surface of titanium plate was modified by dopamine chelating CGRP compound. The sustained release effect of CGRP was checked by Elisa in 28 days, and its effect on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was also measured. Results: CGRP with a concentration of 10-7 mol/L had the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y in vitro. Dopamine chelating CGRP composite modified titanium plate had a sustained release effect and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of nerve cells.Conclusion: Dopamine chelating CGRP composite modified titanium plate surface might build up a way to apply CGRP in the microenvironments round implants, forming a new strategy to promote the osseointegration and osseoperception of dental implants.
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    Application of Conscious Sedation and Analgesia in Full Arch Implantation
    ZHANG Dandan, JI Meng, WANG Linhu
    2023, 39(6): 522-526.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.011
    Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (846KB) ( 132 )  
    Objective: To observe the clinical effect of full arch implantation under conscious sedation and analgesia combined with local anesthesia. Methods: Twenty-our patients who needed full arch implantation were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group, with 12 patients in each group. The experimental group used conscious sedation analgesia and local anesthesia, and the control group adopted pure local anesthesia. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and digital oxygen saturation (SpO2) of two groups were recorded before anesthesia (T0), local anesthesia (T1), flap (T2), drilling (T3), and suturing (T4). The sedation scores (RSS) at T1-T4 were recorded, the intraoperative pain scores were performed before leaving the hospital, and the postoperative pain scores were performed 3 days after the operation. Results: MAP and HR at each time point of T1-T4 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The changes of MAP and HR at any time point in the control group showed an increasing trend, while the changes of MAP and HR at any time point in the experimental group showed a decreasing trend. There was no significant difference in SpO2 between two groups at each time point (P>0.05). The RSS scores of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group at each time point of T1-T4 (P<0.05), and the pain scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group during operation and on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day after operation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Conscious sedation and analgesia anesthesia combined with local anesthesia is safe and effective, and can reduce intraoperative and postoperative pain, with less adverse reactions. It is worthy of application in surgery with complex and long operation time, especially in full arch implantation.
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    Transcriptome Sequencing Screened Differentially Expressed Genes in Leuk-1 Cells under Paeoniflorin Condition
    XIAO Lijun, CHEN Qianming, WU Yuqi, YANG Jiantang
    2023, 39(6): 527-533.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.012
    Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (1228KB) ( 683 )  
    Objective: To analyze the gene expression of Leuk-1 cells regulated by paeoniflorin based on transcriptome sequencing, to excavate and analyze key genes, to study the mechanism of paeoniflorin on Leuk-1 cells, and to explore its medicinal value. Methods: Transcriptome analyze were carried out on Leuk-1 cells in zero, low (5 μmol/L), and high (10 μmol/L) concentration groups. A series of different expression genes (DEGs) were screened, and the gene function and pathways of DEGs were annotated by Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis. Results: Among 1212 DEGs identified in Leuk-1 cells under the influence of paeoniflorin, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment in immune response, humoral immune response, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase activity, serine-type endopeptidase activity, extracellular space, extracellular region, endoplasmic reticulum, and other pathways. KEGG pathways enrichment indicated that DEGs were significantly enriched in Herpes simplex virus 1 infection, pathways in cancer, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, human papillomavirus infection, and other pathways. RT-qPCR examination of DEGs confirmed that accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. The role of paeoniflorin was mainly reflected in antiviral infection, tumor inhibition, protection of epithelial integrity, and immune regulation. Conclusion: The results of this experiment provided a reference to further study the molecular mechanism and provided clues to explore the prevention and treatment of oral mucosal diseases.
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    Effects of Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide on Biological Behaviors of Rat Dental Follicle Stem Cells
    JIANG Zhen, YAN Yanhong, HAN Xue, JIANG Beizhan
    2023, 39(6): 534-540.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.013
    Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (4413KB) ( 102 )  
    Objective: To investigate the effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (E. coli LPS) on biological behaviors of rat dental follicle stem cells (rDFSCs). Methods: rDFSCs were cultured and identified, and then were treated with different concentrations of E. coli LPS (0, 1, 10 μg/mL). The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes were measured by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of LPS on proliferation and migration ability of rDFSCs were assessed by CCK-8 and scratch test plus transwell assay, respectively. The osteogenic capability of rDFSCs was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining, and their osteogenic-related gene mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. Results: The gene expressions of IL-6, IL-1 β, and TNF-α were significantly upregulated under 1 or 10 μg/mL LPS treatment (P<0.05). LPS at 1 μg/mL significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of rDFSCs (P<0.05), while a higher concentration (10 μg/mL) did not show any improvement. ALP staining intensity and the number of mineralized nodules decreased, and the expressions of osteogenic markers RUNX2, COL1, and OPN were inhibited in LPS-treated group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The osteogenic ability of rDFSCs was significantly inhibited under inflammatory microenvironment simulated by E.coli LPS, and LPS promoted the proliferation and migration of rDFSCs at low concentration.
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    Vitamin D/VDR Signaling Regulates IL-10 Expression in Macrophages from Oral Lichen Planus
    GE Xuejun, SUN Zhuo, ZHAO Zhenni, DU Jie
    2023, 39(6): 541-546.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.014
    Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (1007KB) ( 258 )  
    Objective: To investigate the regulatory roles of vitamin D and its receptor VDR in the cytokines production in macrophages from oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: Twenty OLP patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. Macrophages from oral tissues were isolated, and the expressions of cytokines and VDR was detected. IL-10 levels were measured in monocyte-derived macrophages and THP-1 cells overexpressed VDR or treated with vitamin D. The binding of VDR and its element in the promoter region of IL-10 gene was confirmed by ChIP and luciferase report assays. Cytokines levels were detected in OLP macrophages with vitamin D treatment. Results: VDR expression was decreased in OLP macrophages and positively correlated with IL-10 expression. Vitamin D/VDR signaling up-regulated IL-10 levels in monocyte-derived macrophages and THP-1 cells. Mechanistically, VDR was able to interact with its element in the promoter to enhance the transcription of IL-10. Vitamin D increased IL-10 levels and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in OLP macrophages.Conclusion: Vitamin D/VDR signaling regulates IL-10 transcription to mediate cytokines levels in OLP macrophages.
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    Effect of Polishing System on Surface Roughness of Composite Resins
    ZHENG Hongxia, HUANG Xinyue, CHEN Zhi
    2023, 39(6): 547-552.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.015
    Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1823KB) ( 338 )  
    Objective: To examine the surface roughness of composite resins treated by different polishing systems. Methods: A total of 120 composites resin samples (5 mm×4 mm) were prepared including Filtek Z350, Filtek P60, Ceram-X mono, Quixfil, Synergy Duo Shade, and Synergy compact. They were polished with Sof-Lex discs (S), PoGo cups (PG), and Brilliant Golss cups (BG). The surface roughness parameters (RMS) of composite samples were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and analyzed statistically. Results: For dry polishing, S + Synergy Duo Shade showed the lowest RMS value; PG + Quixfil showed the highest value. There was no significant difference in RMS for the same resin using different polishing methods, and a two-way comparison between groups showed that the polishing effect of CeramX was better for S than for PG (P<0.05). Nanofill and hybrid resin showed smoother surfaces compared to the packable resin after the same polishing methods. The dry polishing method showed a better effect when PG polishing Quxifil/CeramX and BG polishing Synergy Duo Shade (P<0.05).Conclusion: There is no significant difference in surface roughness when different polishing methods are used for the same resin. The RMS of packable composite resin is higher than others for the same polishing method. Some resins show better effects in dry polishing method.
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    Preparation and Evaluation of Bacteriophage LysP53 Mouthwash
    ZHAO Xiaowei, CHEN Fangyuan, WEI Hongping, LI Yuhong
    2023, 39(6): 553-557.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.016
    Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (1612KB) ( 161 )  
    Objective: To develop a mouthwash containing the bacteriophage lysin LysP53 and evaluate its bactericidal activity, cytotoxicity, and stability in vitro. Methods: LysP53 was cloned, expressed, and purified in vitro and prepared into mouthwash. The bactericidal effect of LysP53 was evaluated by bactericidal activity assay, crystal violet staining test, and scanning electron microscopy. Its safety was assessed in vitro by CCK-8. Stability was evaluated by the effect on LysP53 mouthwash bactericidal activity at different temperatures. Results: 8 μmol/L LysP53 mouthwash had bactericidal effect on the main cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Actinomyces naeslundii (P<0.05), but had poor antibacterial activity against the common commensal bacteria Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguinis (P>0.05). Application of LysP53 mouthwash in established biofilms disintegrated the biofilm structure and effectively reduced the number of viable bacteria (P<0.05). CCK-8 showed no statistical difference in cell viability between the groups (P>0.05). LysP53 mouthwash showed no difference in bactericidal efficiency after 1 hour of storage at 4, 37, 43, 60, and 95 ℃, and still showed excellent bactericidal activity. Conclusion: LysP53 mouthwash has good antibacterial activity, safety, and stability. It has great potential in preventing dental caries for routine oral hygiene measures.
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    Invisible Orthodontic Treatment for A Severe Unilateral Posterior Scissors Bite
    LI Junxiong, LI Siyu, CHEN Hongjun, FENG Jingzhe, LI Lihua
    2023, 39(6): 558-561.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.017
    Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (2970KB) ( 251 )  
    It is very difficult to correct adult scissors bite. In this case, the invisible appliance combined with implant anchorage technology were used to correct the severe unilateral posterior scissors bite.
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    Application of Digital Technology in Implant-Supported Fixed Complete Dental Prostheses:A Case Report
    HE Zhixiao, JIA Shuqing, WU Hongzhao, SA Yue
    2023, 39(6): 562-564.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.06.018
    Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (4044KB) ( 150 )  
    The implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses in terminal dentition patients is complicated due to the remaining teeth and anatomical conditions. Here we reported a case to summarize the application process of digital technology including the information collection and matching,digital design, digital guide plate assisted implantation, digital impression technology, and CAD/CAM technology in the final restoration, and discusses its characteristics and advantages.
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