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28 July 2023, Volume 39 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Association of Occlusal Disharmony with Anxiety and Depression Like Behavior. CHEN Jiang, WU Ling 2023, 39(7): 569-573.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.001 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (931KB) ( 516 )   The incidence of occlusal disharmony increased due to tooth attrition and iatrogenic occlusal changes. Occlusal relationship not only affects the health of the oral and maxillary system, but also is closely related to the health of the systemic system. Occlusal disharmony, as a chronic stressor, has been studied for its relationship with general health, especially its role in emotional disorders. Thus, we made a review on the research related to occlusal disharmony and anxiety and depression like behavior, to provide reference for the mental health assessment of patients with occlusal disharmony. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Stomatology SU Qi, ZHOU Zhiying 2023, 39(7): 574-577.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.002 Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (827KB) ( 143 )   Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) can hydrolyze the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in cells to regulate relevant physiological activities of the body and participate in inflammation, bone absorption, and other processes. PDEs inhibitor is a drug that mainly inhibits the activity of phosphodiesterase. This article intends to review the related research and development of PDEs inhibitors in the auxiliary treatment of oral inflammatory diseases, wound healing after tooth extraction, skin flap transplantation, jaw fracture healing, and tooth movement, so as to provide reference for the related treatment in stomatology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Effect of Autoinducer 2 on Periodontitis WANG Dexu, CHEN Xiaotao 2023, 39(7): 578-581.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.003 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (1241KB) ( 414 )   In the oral environment, plaque bacteria, as the initiator of periodontal tissue inflammation, play an important role in the development of periodontitis. Quorum sensing signaling molecules are important molecules that could perform signal transduction between bacteria to effectively regulate population density and promote biofilm development. Different species of bacteria have different quorum-sensing systems, but autoinducer 2 system is the most important universal quorum-sensing system of periodontal pathogens. In recent years, many studies have shown that quorum sensing inhibitors can effectively attenuate quorum sensing between bacteria and inhibit and reduce the formation of plaque biofilms between periodontal pathogens and the expression of their virulence factors. In this paper, the research progress in the effects of autoinducer 2 quorum sensing signaling molecules on periodontitis is reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Prevention and Treatment of Biological Agents for Oral Mucositis Caused by Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation GUO Jincai, ZHANG Shusheng 2023, 39(7): 582-585.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.004 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (821KB) ( 435 )   Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the most important treatment modalities for hematologic malignancies, but this treatment often causes oral mucositis (OM). The incidence of OM caused by HSCT (HSCT-OM) is high and the clinical treatment is difficult. Many biologic agents have been used exploratively in the treatment of HSCT-OM and some are effective. This paper reviews the clinical studies of biologic agents, and provides a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of HSCT-OM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Hotspots and Trends of Orthodontic White Spot Lesion at Home and Abroad: Citespace Analysis Based on WoS and CNKI Database ZHANG Bin, ZHAO Min, TIAN Jiangang, JIA Mingyu, WENG Wenhao, HUANG Ruizhe 2023, 39(7): 586-593.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.005 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (6726KB) ( 457 )   Objective: To explore the current status, research hotspots, and development trends of white spot lesion (WSL) in the past two decades (2000-2022) by visual analysis. Methods: Literature focusing on WSL was systematically searched based on Web of Science (WoS) and China national knowledge internet (CNKI) databases. The Excel and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 softwares were used to perform a retrospective metrological analysis of the literature and draw visual scientific knowledge map. Results: A total of 9487 articles on WSL were published in the past two decades, in which 8606 articles were from WoS and 881 articles were from CNKI database. The research hotspots of WoS focused on early childhood caries, Streptococcus mutans, and laser fluorescence detection, while CNKI focused on white spot lesions, enamel demineralization and remineralization, and fluoride protectors. The shear bond strength of the adhesion was the focus of research both at home and abroad. There was close cooperation between foreign research institutions. The West China Hospital of Stomology, Sichuan University was the main research institution in China, while other institutions had less cooperation between each other. Conclusion: The caries management and permeable resins may be the research trends of WSL in the future. Domestic scholars should carry out more cross-disciplinary, cross-unit, and international cooperation to produce more high-quality scientific research achievements. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Analysis on Functions of hit Gene in Streptococcus Mutans and Its Impact on Cariogenicity FAN Zixuan, QIAO Li, LAI Yangfan, WANG Peng, JIANG Dairen, LIANG Yan, YE Zhaoyang, LUO Peng 2023, 39(7): 594-601.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.006 Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (10664KB) ( 43 )   Objective: To investigate the function of hit gene and its effect on the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: LFH-PCR was employed to construct the hit-deficient mutant strain (Smu.Δhit). The hit gene complemented strain (Smu.ΔhitC) and its added eGFP tagging strain (Smu.ΔhitC-eGFP) were also constructed. The growth rate and acid resistance with different pH values, the biofilm formation, as well as the morphology of the Smu.Δhit and its parental strains were compared. In vitro detection of artificial caries-like lesions of the Smu.Δhit on human dental enamel surfaces was performed. Results: The Smu.Δhit,Smu.ΔhitC, and Smu.ΔhitC-eGFP were successfully screened out. The growth rate of the Smu.Δhit versus their parental was increased greatly in BHI medium. When subjected to modified BHI medium (pH 5.6), the growth inhibition of the Smu.Δhit was much less than that of ATCC25175. Compared with ATCC25175, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystalline violet staining, and anthrone-sulfuric acid test analysis showed that deficiency of hit caused alterations in morphology and decreased in biofilm formation, being devoid of extracellular glucans. Much more serious artificial caries-like lesions of the Smu.Δhit on human dental enamel surfaces was also rapidly occurred. Conclusion: The hit gene is growth-phase regulated in the cell-cycle, and has significant impact on the growth rate, biofilm formation, and acid resistance, and rapidly causes caries-like lesions on human dental enamel surfaces. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential Role of Concentrated Growth Factor on Healing of Mature Permanent Teeth Periapical Inflammation of Beagle Dogs WANG Jing, LIN Huajie, HUANG Wei, YIN Jinping, MENG Weitao, ZHANG Xiaoya 2023, 39(7): 602-606.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.007 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (5262KB) ( 441 )   Objective: To investigate the potential effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with revascularization on the healing of mature permanent teeth periapical inflammation of Beagle dogs. Methods: Thirty-six mandibular incisors from six 18-month-old Beagle dogs were selected and divided into four groups. The teeth in positive control group were not intervened. The teeth in negative group were established periapical periodontitis models and not treated. The teeth in revascularization group were established periapical periodontitis models and treated with revascularization. The teeth in revascularization combined with CGF group were established periapical periodontitis models and treated with CGF combined with revascularization. X-ray apical radiographs were taken after surgery, and the histological changes of the experimental teeth in various groups were observed by HE staining. Results: The periapical periodontitis model of Beagle dogs was established successfully. In revascularization group and revascularization combined with CGF group, periapical shadows were reduced. Mineralized tissue could be seen in the apical, and bone lacuna could be seen in the mineralized tissue, but the mineralized tissue in the group of revascularization combined with CGF was more dense. Conclusion: CGF combined with revascularization has potential effect to promote the periapical periodontitis healing of mature permanent teeth of Beagle dogs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antibiofilm Activity of Irrigation Protocols Activated by Lasers in Vitro SU Zheng, YANG Zi, AN Ting, HOU Benxiang 2023, 39(7): 607-612.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.008 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (930KB) ( 204 )   Objective: To evaluate the sterilization effect of laser activated irrigation technique on bacterial biofilm. Methods: Supragingival and subgingival plaque of healthy volunteers were selected. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) disks coated with collagen were used as carrier. After 21 days of anaerobic culture, bacterial biofilms were formed on HAP disks. Specimens were divided into control group and experimental groups, in which experimental groups used conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EDDY, Nd:YAG laser, Diode laser, Er:YAG photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and Er:YAG shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), respectively. After treatment, bacterial biofilms were scraped from HAP disks, diluted by gradient, and cultured at 37 ℃ for 72 h. Meanwhile, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the copy number of bacterial universal genes and Streptococcus intermedius genes. Results: The total number of bacteria initially culturable by biofilm was (11.33±2.50)×108 CFU/mL. The average sterilization rate of CNI was 71.23%. There was no significant difference in the sterilization rates of Diode and Nd: YAG laser (P>0.05), and average sterilization rates were 86.46% and 87.06%, respectively. PUI, EDDY, and PIPS could significantly improve the sterilization effect of NaOCl compared with CNI (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). The SWEEPS group had the highest sterilization rate of 99.93%, showing significant differences from all groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile, the SWEEPS group had the lowest number of bacterial universal gene and Streptococcus intermedius genes copies, and there were statistical differences compared to the control group, CNI group, Nd: YAG group, and Diode laser group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Laser activation, especially Er: YAG-SWEEPS mode, could significantly improve the sterilization effect on bacterial biofilm of NaOCl. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of ADORA3 in Periodontitis and Its Regulatory Role by Transcriptomic Analysis FENG Meiting, LU Jiawei, LUO Lijun 2023, 39(7): 613-618.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.009 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (2800KB) ( 132 )   Objective: To investigate the expression pattern of adenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3) in periodontitis and its regulatory role. Methods: Animal models of periodontitis were constructed. Alveolar bone loss and the pathological morphology of periodontal tissues were observed by micro-CT and HE staining in each group of mice. The gingival tissues on the ligature-induced and control sides were subjected to transcriptomic sequencing to analyze the Adora3 expression, and then RT-qPCR was used to observe the expression of ADORA3 in human and mice periodontal tissues and macrophages. The correlation of ADORA3 with downstream target genes was analyzed by transcriptomic sequencing and validated by RT-qPCR. Results: Experimental periodontitis model was successfully established in mice, and the expression of Adora3 was upregulated in periodontal tissues on the ligature-induced side. ADORA3 was expressed highly in periodontal tissues from periodontitis, whereas Adora3 was downregulated in the inflammatory microenvironment. Transcriptomic sequencing results showed that Adora3 level was positively correlated with the downstream target gene arrestin beta-2 (ARRB2). And Adora3 level was down-regulated after Arrb2 knockout. Conclusion: Transcriptomic analysis and in vitro experiments verified that ADORA3 was differentially expressed in periodontal tissues and macrophages, which was positively correlation with ARRB2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SMURF2/β-catenin Axis Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells under Cyclic Stretch ZHANG Xiaocen, CHANG Maolin, ZOU Hao, LIU Xiaoyu, HAN Guangli 2023, 39(7): 619-624.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.010 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (1993KB) ( 396 )   Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 2(SMURF2) in cyclic stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Methods: Cyclic stretch was applied on hPDLCs. The expression of SMURF2 and osteogenic genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression of SMURF2 and molecules mediating canonical WNT signaling were examined by western blotting. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was assessed by ALP staining and expression of osteogenic genes. A small interfering RNA was used to knockdown SMURF2 in hPDLCs to investigate effects of SMURF2 on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs and canonical WNT signaling. Results: Expressions of SMURF2, ALP, OPN, OSX, COL-1, and β-catenin were up-regulated in hPDLCs applied cyclic stretch. Activity of ALP was also up-regulated in stretched cells. Depletion of SMURF2 impaired the activity of ALP, down-regulated the expression of ALP,OPN, and OSX genes, and β-catenin protein. However, the protein level of GSK-3β was not changed after SMURF2 depletion. Conclusion: SMURF2 may promote cyclic stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs through canonical WNT signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Clinical Study on Correction of Lingual Inclination of Mandibular Second Molar with Square Wire Rotation Method SUN Liuzhen, ZHANG Lingyun 2023, 39(7): 625-627.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.011 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (837KB) ( 208 )   Objective: To introduce a method for correcting lingual inclination of mandibular second molar and discuss its effectiveness. Methods: Twenty-one patients with lingual inclination of mandibular second molar were selected from the orthodontic department of Anyang Sixth People's Hospital, and orthodontic treatment was performed using the square wire rotation method. The lateral cephalometric and panoramic films were measured and compared before and after treatment. Results: The lingual inclination of the mandibular second molar was corrected for all patients, and a good occlusal relationship was established. There was no obvious absorption of the root after correction, and the mandibular plane angle was slightly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The square wire rotation method is a simple and effective way to correct the lingual inclination of mandibular second molar. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D Esthetic Evaluation on Influence of Chin and Lip Positions on Facial Attractiveness LI Zhiyue, PANG Guangming, SHI Youling 2023, 39(7): 628-633.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.012 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (4315KB) ( 104 )   Objective: To study the effect of chin and lip positions on the facial attractiveness. Methods: A woman with a charming profile was selected and 35 3D head models with different chin and lip positions were obtained by Maya software. The orthodontists (professional group, n=50) and laypeople (nonprofessional group, n=103) were chosen to score the head models by visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Using "E Line" as the reference, the protrusion was defined as a positive value and the backward was regarded as a negative value. Both groups considered that the chin and lip protrusions were most beautiful when they were 0mm (that is, they were tangent to the "E line"). Moreover, the lip projection of +6 mm, -6 mm and the chin protrusion of +4 mm were regarded as the most unattractive. The score of the non-professional group was significantly higher than that of the professional group when the lip protrusion was +6 mm, +4 mm, -6 mm, and chin protrusion was +4 mm. Conclusion: The professional group preferred a slightly concave lip position, while the non-professional group was more tolerant of a slightly convex lip position. Both groups regard a too protuberant chin shape as unpleasant. Orthodontists believe that it is aesthetically pleasing when the chin and lip protrusions changed in accordance with each other. When the protrusion of chin and lips moved within ±2 mm relative to the E line, the aesthetic effect was highly accepted by orthodontists and the general public. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis on Mesial Movement of Mandibular First Molars LI Chen, ZHU Guangzhi, KANG Xiaocui, ZHANG Wenqing, WANG Meili, ZHANG Rong, ZHOU Shan 2023, 39(7): 634-639.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.013 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (3395KB) ( 232 )   Objective: To study the displacement trend of teeth and the stress distribution of periodontal ligament by simulating the application of different attachments on the buccal and lingual sides of mandibular first molar to move 0.2 mm mesially. Methods: Mimics19.0, Geomagic Wrap2017, NX10.0, and other professional modeling software were used to establish the finite element model. Ansys Workbench18.0 software was used to simulate the application of different attachments on the buccal and lingual sides of mandibular first molars and move 0.2 mm mesially. Results: The mandibular first molars of six groups of models showed mesial lingual tilt movement, and the anchorage tooth movement mode was mainly tilt movement. Conclusion: In the process of mesial movement of mandibular first molars, the crown is mainly inclined to the mesial lingual direction and the root is inclined to the distal buccal direction. At the same time, the anchorage loss of anchorage teeth occurs. When the lingual attachment is applied, the molar moves is close to the whole movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mandibular Reconstruction Using Iliac Bone Flap with Perforator based External Oblique Abdominal Muscle: A Pilot Study ZHANG Yuhan, SHI Jingcun, WU Ziqian, ZHANG Bingqing, ZHANG Shijian, XIAO Meng, WANG Lei 2023, 39(7): 640-643.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.014 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (4035KB) ( 131 )   Objective: To design an improved iliac bone flap with perforator based external oblique abdominal muscle (EOAM) island for monitoring postoperative blood supply and flexible repair of soft tissue defects based on the traditional vascularized iliac flap. Methods: Four patients who required segmental resection and mandibular reconstruction due to tumor or osteomyelitis were selected, the ascending branch was found along the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) and a portion of the external abdominal oblique muscle was dissected as an observation island while harvesting the iliac flap, the DCIA and accompanying veins were routinely anastomosed, followed by fixation using a titanium plate. The free external oblique abdominal muscle was placed outside the submandibular skin as an observation island, and the blood supply of the iliac flap was closely monitored by the blood supply of the observation island. Results: The iliac flap was successful in all four patients. Postoperative monitor of the color, shape, and texture of the observation island allowed judging the blood supply of the DCIA. Conclusion: The improved iliac flap with a perforated EOAM island is worthy of further evaluation and promotion for both reliable monitoring of postoperative blood supply and flexible repair of soft tissue defects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 24 Cases of Palatal Fracture ZHOU Shizheng, WANG Jun, ZOU Haixiao 2023, 39(7): 644-648.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.015 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (2516KB) ( 133 )   Objective: To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of 24 cases of palatal fracture in order to provide reference for the selection of treatment methods of palatal fracture and reduce postoperative complications. Methods: The data of 24 patients with palatal fracture admitted to our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, including age, sex, symptoms, fracture types, treatment methods, and postoperative complications. Results: Of the 24 patients with palatal fracture in this group, 3 patients received conservative treatment, and the other 21 patients received surgical treatment, in which Hendrickson type Ⅱ were underwent palatal traction reduction and type Ⅲ were underwent palatal traction reduction + titanium plate fixation at the buccal fracture end and fracture treatment at other parts of the craniomaxillofacial region. During the follow-up of 6 months after operation, the patients who received surgical treatment had the fracture ends healed well without obvious adverse complications. Conclusion: For patients with multiple craniomaxillofacial fractures, it is easy to omit the treatment of palatal fractures. Priority should be given to the accurate alignment of palatal fractures, which will help to restore good occlusal relationship and the treatment of fractures in other parts of the maxillofacial regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Florid Cemento-osseous Dysplasia Concomitant with Simple Bone Cyst: A Case Report FENG Jing, YAN Hongjing, JU Hao, ZHENG Kaijuan, JIN Ling, CAI Yan 2023, 39(7): 649-651.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.016 Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (2781KB) ( 255 )   Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia is a non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesion which often affects tooth-bearing areas of the jaws and has an asymptomatic slow growth. This report was to describe a case which was diagnosed as florid cemento-osseous dysplasia with concomitant occurrence of simple bone cyst. The radiological characteristics of the case were discussed emphatically. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tooth Extraction for Patient with Multisystem Disease Caused by Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report YU Yao, LI Qiaowen, LIU Zhiming, HE Miao 2023, 39(7): 652-653.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.017 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (1599KB) ( 161 )   Patients with chronic kidney disease usually have other systemic diseases in addition to the primary disease. Due to the complex systemic conditions, the risk of tooth extraction surgery is increased. This article reports a case of tooth extraction for patient with multisystem disease caused by chronic kidney disease. The tooth was successfully extracted through the understanding of the previous medical history before surgery and the use of minimally invasive tooth extraction during surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Occlusal Reconstruction of a Patient with Limited Mouth Opening after Radiotherapy: A Case Report WANG Jingyu, YAO Xingmei, WANG Jingwen, LIU Chun, ZHAO Rui, ZHAO Yi 2023, 39(7): 654-657.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.07.018 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (4385KB) ( 504 )   Radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma can easily lead to oral complications such as jaw bone damage, muscle fibrosis and radioactive caries which brings challenges to denture restoration. This article reported a case of occlusive reconstruction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, accompanied by radioactive caries of the entire dentition and limited mouth opening. A denture restoration scheme using maxillary and mandibular short arch is used to restore oral physiology and aesthetic function. References | Related Articles | Metrics