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28 August 2023, Volume 39 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Application of Digital Technique in Occlusal Rehabilitaton of Full-arch Fixed Implant-supported Prostheses. CHEN Xiaodong, Qu Zhe 2023, 39(8): 663-670.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.001 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 446 )   Full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses are recognized on effective method for occlusal rehabilitation of edentulous patients. Literatures reported that the survival rates of implant and prosthesis can reach 86.9%-99.4% and 82.8%-94.1% respectively after 20 years follow-up. In order to achieve occlusal rehabilitation for patients with full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses, the principle of gnathology should be followed, so that the system composed of teeth, occlusion, masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and nerves should be coordinated and stable. With the development and completion of digital equipment and technique, there are various digital alternatives for each procedure of implant-supported fixed restoration in edentulous patients. The involvement of digital technique conforms to the concept of precision therapy and improves the predictability of treatment. In addition, digital technique enables the visualization of treatment effects, which is beneficial for the communication between doctors and patients. This article will describe the treatment procedure of occlusal rehabilitation of full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses, and introduce various digital equipments and techniques applied, hoping to provide reference and help for clinical doctors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancement in Endoscope-assisted Parotid Tumours Surgery LI Xiang, ZOU Haixiao 2023, 39(8): 671-674.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.002 Abstract ( 166 )   PDF (1601KB) ( 325 )   Parotid tumours are the most common salivary gland tumours seen in outpatient dentistry. The current standard of care is facial nerve dissection + extended parotid tumour excision. However, this surgical method will cause obvious scar on the face and neck. With the attention of modern people on facial beauty, reducing scar has become an urgent task for clinicians. There are two main ideas to address this problem: to strive for smaller and more discreet incisions to complete the required exposure by using cosmetic incisions, or to use relatively small surgical incisions as an endoscopic approach with the aid of an endoscopic system to artificially create a cavity to remove the mass. With the development of imaging techniques and minimally invasive surgical instruments, endoscopic techniques are increasingly used in clinical surgery. In the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, since the success of the first parotid endoscopic surgery in 2000, endoscopy has become the choice of more and more clinicians and patients because of its advantages of aesthetics. This article reviews the current surgical incisions and advantages as well as disadvantages of the endoscopic approach to parotid tumour removal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Progress of Computer Software in Three-dimensional Facial Imaging and Measurement YANG Yiqing, LIU Yafei 2023, 39(8): 675-678.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.003 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (802KB) ( 245 )   Three-dimensional facial imaging technology is becoming more and more important in the current facial aesthetics related disciplines such as plastic surgery and orthodontics. The development of three-dimensional facial imaging is closely related to the extensive application of computer technology. The applications of three-dimensional laser scanning, cone-beam CT (CBCT), 3dMD stereoscopic imaging system, and convolutional neural network in facial measurement and analysis are all the results of closely combination of both, which brings the communication between doctors and patients, treatment plan, and result evaluation to a new level. Modern computer software technology is increasingly becoming an important auxiliary tool for clinicians. This paper reviews the specific applications and characteristics of various software techniques in three-dimensional facial imaging and measurement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Progress of Finite Element Method in Cleft Palate Treatment ZHANG Meng, MA Jian 2023, 39(8): 679-683.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.004 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (825KB) ( 188 )   Cleft palate is a common congenital malformation of oral and maxillofacial region. The treatment of cleft palate is mainly surgical repair. Although there are many types of cleft palate surgery, some patients still have complications such as palate fistula, maxillary hypoplasia, and velopharyngeal insufficiency after surgery. The finite element method has been applied to cleft palate, which can predict the clinical prognosis and improve the operation method through simulation operation and mechanical analysis. In this paper, the application progress of finite element method in cleft palate treatment is reviewed from the current situation of cleft palate treatment, the application principle of finite element, and its application in simulation of cleft palate surgery and evaluation of surgical prognosis, in order to provide help for the further application of finite element method in cleft palate treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Barx2 Drives Tumor-specific MHC-Ⅱ Signaling to Induce CD4+T/CD8+T Cell Activation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma LI Yiwei, SUN Yanan, PAN Junchen, HU Yaying, ZHANG Yuying, MA Jiyuan, ZHANG Jiali 2023, 39(8): 684-689.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.005 Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (3653KB) ( 413 )   Objective: To explore the mechanism of BarH-like homeobox 2 (Barx2) killing tumor cells by promoting MHC Class Ⅱ molecules. Methods: The expression levels of CⅡTA/MHC-Ⅱ related molecules in Barx2 overexpressed OSCC cell lines were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, qPCR, and Western Blot. The combination of Barx2 and CⅡTA pⅢ promoter was verified by double luciferase assay. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were extracted and co-cultured with tumor cells in the control group and Barx2 overexpression group, and the number of tumor cells was detected by crystal violet staining. The proliferation activity of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in PBMC was analyzed by flow cytometry after labeling PBMC with CFSE. Results: High-throughput transcriptome sequencing results combined with GSEA gene set enrichment analysis and KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that overexpression of Barx2 enhanced the up-regulation of factors related to antigen processing and presentation pathway and MHC-Ⅱ signaling molecules. In Barx2 overexpressed cell lines, qPCR and Western blot further confirmed the significant upregulation of the above genes. Barx2 could directly bind upstream to CⅡTA pⅢ promoter. After co-culture with PBMC, the number of tumor cells overexpressing Barx2 was significantly less than that in the control group. Overexpression of Barx2 tumor cells promoted the proliferation of CD4+T and CD8+T cells. Conclusion: Barx2 can drive the activation of CⅡTA/MHC-Ⅱ signal axis, induce the expression of HLA-DR-dominated MHC-Ⅱ class molecules in tumor cells, and further activate CD4+T and CD8+T cells to play a role in killing tumor cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Prognostic Value of CENPN in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma CHEN Helin, SHU Jiayu, DONG Qiang 2023, 39(8): 690-695.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.006 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (2251KB) ( 90 )   Objective: To investigate the expression and prognostic value of CENPN in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: The expression level of CENPN in HNSCC was evaluated in TCGA database. Forty-two cancer tissues resected from HNSCC patients who admitted to the Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were chosen to measure CENPN expression by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between CENPN and clinicopathologic feature as well as prognosis was analyzed. Results: The expression level of CENPN was significantly up-regulated in HNSCC (P<0.05). High expression of CENPN was associated with pathological grade. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that age, T stage, and high expression of CENPN were independent prognostic factors in HNSCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher expression of CENPN was associated with lower overall survival rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: CENPN was up-regulated in HNSCC and could be an independent prognostic biomarker. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Relationship between Facial Grimace and Velopharyngeal Closure Ratios in Patients with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency after Cleft Palate Surgery Guliziba·AIHAITI, ZHANG Pengxin, QI Jia, Yaerken·AJI, XU Hui 2023, 39(8): 696-700.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.007 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (2120KB) ( 98 )   Objective: To explore the relationship between facial grimace and velopharyngeal closure ratios in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate surgery. Methods: Medical records and speech evaluation videos of 68 patients from September 2020 to January 2023 with velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate surgery were collected. The characteristics of nasal air emission and facial grimace were analyzed. The degree of velopharyngeal closure ratios was analyzed and calculated through videos of nasopharyngeal fiberscope.Results: Thirty-six (52.9%) patients showed the incidence of facial grimace, the change of alar muscle movement in patients with facial grimace was greater than that in patients without facial grimace. The proportion of patients with inaudible nasal air emission, audible nasal emission, and nasal turbulence presenting facial grimace was 7 (35.0%), 24 (75.0%), and 5 (31.3%), which had statistically difference (P<0.05). The proportion of facial grimace in mild, moderate, and severe velopharyngeal insufficiency was 7 (38.9%), 25 (73.5%), and 4 (25.0%), which had statistically difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of facial grimace was higher in patients with audible nasal air emission with velopharyngeal insufficiency. Patients who showed facial grimace may have moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Randomized Comparative Study of Dual-wavelength Laser Combined with Digital Guide Plate in Maxillary Impacted Central Incisor Distraction DING Yue, XIE Ling, REN Lewen, TIAN Wenxian 2023, 39(8): 701-706.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.008 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (3206KB) ( 118 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of dual-wavelength laser combined with digital guide plate in the traction of maxillary impacted central incisors. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2022, 20 children with impacted maxillary central incisors, aged 7-10 years old, were collected from the Department of Pediatric Stomatology, West District, Hefei City Stomatological Hospital. The operation time, blood loss, and VAS value were recorded. The VAS value was recorded on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day after operation. The bracket dropout rate was recorded on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month after operation. Results: The blood loss of the laser combined with digital guide group was less than that of the traditional scalpel group. In terms of operation duration, the average operation time in the laser combined with digital guide group was (22.4±5.9) min, and that in the traditional scalpel group was (44.0±16.8) min. The first day and the third day after surgery laser guide group number in the hierarchy of lower VAS score less than traditional scalpel group, and the results were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS values during operation and on the 7th day after operation and in the bracket dropout rate at 1, 2, and 3 months after operation between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: It is a more comfortable and time-saving method to treat the maxillary impacted permanent incisors with the combination of dual-wavelength laser and digital guide plate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of High-fat Diet on Osteoarthritis of Temporomandibular Joint in Mice ZHAO Chen, SHANG Qinglong, ZHAO Tiantian, ZHANG Bicheng, SU Tong, LIANG Beibei, LIU Boyu 2023, 39(8): 707-714.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.009 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (10652KB) ( 65 )   Objective: To explore the effect of high-fat diet on temporomandibular joints osteoarthritis of the mouse by examining the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF. Methods: Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into regular diet(ND)group, abnormal occlusion with regular diet(MF+ND)group,abnormal occlusion with high fat(MF+HFD)group, and abnormal occlusion with mixed diet(MF+MD)group. The study used the unilateral anterior crossbite method to establish the mechanical force model. At the end of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week after the model was established, the bilateral temporomandibular joints were collected. HE staining and saffron O staining of condylar cartilage were observed and scored pathologically. The expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF of the condylar cartilage was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results: In the MF+ND group, condylar cartilage destruction was visible and Mankin score increased, while MF+HFD group had more severe destruction and higher Mankin score. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of positive cells identified for IL-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF was significantly higher in each model group. Moreover, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF positive cells in the MF+ND, MF+HFD, and MF+MD groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion: High-fat diet can aggravate the condylar cartilage destruction in temporomandibular joints osteoarthritis in mice induced by occlusal abnormalities and aggravate the degree of temporomandibular joints osteoarthritis in the mice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Guided Bone Regeneration on Inflammatory Susceptibility of Peri-implant Soft Tissue JIANG Zhaoxia, KONG Dejing, LI Yuxuan, LIU Mingli, QU Zhe 2023, 39(8): 715-720.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.010 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 244 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of guided bone regeneration (GBR) on the long-term stability and inflammatory susceptibility of soft tissues around the implants. Methods: A total of 62 soft tissue level implants with keratinized gingival width ≥2 mm were selected for 12-24 months. After horizontal GBR (absorbable collagen membrane combined with 1∶1 autogenous bone and xenogenous bone replacement materials), 12 patients with 27 implant dentures were implanted and fixed (experimental group). There were 16 patients with the same system of implants in the mandibular posterior area undergoing routine implant operation, with a total of 35 implants (control group). Clinical indexes of implants were examined and the probing depth, modified plaque index, and modified sulcus bleeding index were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid around all implants and a healthy control natural tooth were collected using the same filter strip. ELISA was used to detect the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-8 . Results: The survival rates of both groups after 12-24 months of loading were 100%. After an average load of (18.70±4.45) months, PD of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in mSBI and mPLI between two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of various cytokines between two groups and between the implants and healthy natural teeth (P>0.05). Conclusion: GBR with 1∶1 autogenous bone/xenograft had no significant effect on the stability and inflammatory susceptibility of the soft tissue around the implant. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Analysis of Survival Rate and Related Factors of Implant Replantation at Previous Failed Site CHEN Xinglin, CHEN Si, MA Wenjie, TONG Xin. 2023, 39(8): 721-726.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.011 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (1569KB) ( 119 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical prognosis and related factors of failed implant replantation. Methods: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients who underwent implant replantation due to dental defect in a Grade-A dental hospital in Jiangsu from 2016.1 to 2021.6 were strictly screened. The patient's gender, age, systematic medical history, smoking status, implant site, implant system, implant length and diameter, bone increment or not, replantation time, first and second implantation time, and failure time and reason were recorded. Chi-square test and Cox regression were used to analyze the retention rate of replanted implants and the possible influencing factors. Results: A total of 224 patients and 234 implants were included in the study. Eleven implants failed secondly and the replantation retention rate was 95.3%. There were more early failures than late failures. Chi-square test and cox regression analysis showed that age and history of diabetes significantly affected the retention of replantation implants, and smoking patients had a higher risk of implant failure. Conclusion: Implant replantation can still obtain a high clinical survival rate. The patient's age, diabetes history, and smoking history are significant influencing factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Fracture Resistance of Maxillary Premolars Restored with CAD/CAM Onlays and Crowns WU Jie, DA Yunmeng, ZHANG Zhao, YUAN Shuo, MA Xiaoping 2023, 39(8): 727-731.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.012 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (1266KB) ( 195 )   Objective: To compare the fracture resistance of defected maxillary premolars restored with onlay and crown, respectively. Methods: Sixty-four maxillary first premolars with similar size and morphology were randomly divided into four groups (n=16). The following defect types were prepared respectively: group A had 1/3 defect of occlusal surface; group B had 1/2 defect of occlusal surface; group C had 1/3 defect of proximal-occlusal surface; and group D had 1/2 defect of proximal-occlusal surface. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to different restore methods (n=8), A1-D1 were restored by IPS e.max CAD onlays, and A2-D2 were restored by IPS e.max CAD crowns. The maximum loading value and failure mode were analyzed.Results: The maximum fracture resistance of onlays and crowns, i.e. (1203±148) N and (985±103) N, appeared in group A. Among onlay restoration groups, fracture resistances of group A1 and B1 were significantly higher than those of group C1 and D1 (P<0.05). Among crown restoration groups, fracture resistances of group A2 and B2 were significantly higher than those of group C2 and D2 (P<0.05), and C2 was significantly higher than D2 group (P<0.05). Within the same defect type, fracture resistances of onlays were significantly higher than those of crowns (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the fracture mode among all groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Defect types of premolar affect fracture resistance. For occlusal and proximal-occlusal defected premolars, fracture resistance of onlays was higher than that of crowns. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Two Antioxidants on Microleakage of Filling Resin after Intracoronal Bleaching ZHANG Xiaoping, CHANG Yue 2023, 39(8): 732-737.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.013 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (3809KB) ( 90 )   Objective: To compare the influence of 10% SA gel with a surfactant (0.2%Tween 80) and 6.5% PC gel on the microleakage of filling resin after intracoronal bleaching and determine the best treating time. Methods: One hundred and twenty premolars extracted in the past one month were collected and randomly divided into ten groups (n=12). Group A: unbleached group, Group B: bleached group, Group C: 10% SA gel with 0.2% Tween 80, Group D: 6.5% PC gel. After intracoronal bleaching,each experimental group was divided into 4 subgroups(C1/C2/C3/C4 and D1/D2/D3/D4) according to the treating time of antioxidant (10 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min). Then the cavity was filled with composite resin. After 500 thermal cycles, 10 randomly selected samples in each group were put into 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. The microleakage of filled resin was observed at buccolingual under stereomicroscope. The measured data was analyzed with statistical methods. The micromorphology of the bonding interface in the remaining samples was observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results: Group A showed a significantly lower microleakage compared to group B (P=0.000). There were statistical differences between the experimental groups and group B,the microleakage of the filled resin was gradually decreased, and the lowest value was group D3. There was apparent significance between C1 and D1, C2 and D2, C3 and D3 (P<0.05), except for C4 and D4 (P=0.089). Group B demonstrated the most obvious and largest gap between filling resin and dental tissues observed by SEM. The gap at the bonding interface was gradually narrowed in group C, and disappeared in group C4. The filling resin was well united with dental tissue,and the adhesion belt was well formed in group D. Conclusion: 6.5% PC gel has a better effect on the microleakage of filling resin after internal bleaching of dead pulp teeth. It is suggested that the best treatment time is 60 minutes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Efficacy of Er:YAG Laser in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Treatment REN Lewen, XIE Ling, DING Yue, TIAN Wenxian, WANG Ping, LI Junya 2023, 39(8): 738-744.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.014 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (2798KB) ( 153 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Er:YAG laser in the treatment of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Methods: From January to December 2021, 68 MIH children aged 8-16 from Pediatrics Dentistry Department, Hefei Stomatological Hospital were included. By using computer software, different teeth of the same child were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group used Er:YAG laser to remove the caries, prepare the cavity, and deal with surface of the teeth. The control group used a traditional turbine to remove the caries and prepare the cavity. MIH of both groups were filled with resin. The clinical efficiency of two groups were evaluated according to the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) and the modified World Dental Federation (FDI) Criteria during the operation and 13 weeks, 26 weeks and 52 weeks after the operation. Results: In the operation, the percentage of children with no pain or little pain in the experimental group (73.53%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (44.12%, P＜0.05). At 13 weeks after operation, the success rate of sensitivity in the experimental group (100.00%) was higher than that of the control group (82.35%, P＜0.05). At 52 weeks after operation, the success rate of marginal fitness in the experimental group (91.18%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (70.59%), and the success rate of recurrence of caries, erosion, and abfraction of the experimental group (94.12%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (73.53%, P＜0.05). Conclusion: Er:YAG laser in the treatment of MIH can effectively reduce intraoperative pain and improve the success rate of resin restorations, which provides a new idea for minimally invasive treatment of children's oral diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and Evaluation of A Rat Model of Halitosis Caused by Imbalance of Oral Flora HUANG Zhiqiang, CHENG Yongbo 2023, 39(8): 745-750.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.015 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (851KB) ( 226 )   Objective: To construct a rat halitosis model using salivary holistic microbiota colonization in patients with intra-oral halitosis (IOH), and to evaluate the feasibility of the model by detecting the changes of oral-associated microorganisms, associated metabolism, and breath values in rats. Methods: The healthy 6-8 week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, the model group (Group H) and the control group (Group C). Oral flora sampling was performed and breath values were measured under anesthesia after 1 week of acclimatization, mechanical cleaning of the teeth and mucosa of both groups of rats using cotton swabs dipped in saline. The cleaning was repeated and the oral mucosa and tooth were rinsed with 0.1% NaoCl for 5 min after 1 week of routine feeding, followed by a 10 min rinse with 23 μM buffered sodium ascorbate. Tooth and oral mucosa of rats in group H were coated using salivary holistic microbiota of IOH patients added with protective solution once daily, with water and food fasting for 1 h after application, followed by continuous administration of 10% high sugar water, and oral flora sampling under anesthesia for 6 weeks. Group C was also routinely reared and sampled. The 16SrRNA sequencing technique was used to detect microbial changes in the rat oral cavity, the PICRUSt was used to predict the metabolic function of the flora, and the Halimeter breath detector was used to test the breath values of the rats every 2 weeks. Results: Compared with group C, the proportion of IOH-associated species such as porphyromonas, fusobacterium, gemella, leptotrichia, and peptostreptococcus in the oral flora of group H was significantly higher. PICRUSt metabolic prediction analysis showed that the metabolic pathways associated with halitosis were significantly enhanced in group H compared with group C. There was also a significant increase in breath test values. Conclusion: This modeling method allows IOH-related microorganisms to colonize the oral cavity of rats and exert their odor-producing function and well simulates the oral flora and breath characteristics of clinical patients, and can be used in future research on new treatment modalities and disease development of IOH. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Consistency of Salivary Flow Rate and Xerostomia in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome WEI Minghui, WANG Yuanyuan, WANG Yuhong, WANG Xinwen, DU Wanglei 2023, 39(8): 751-754.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.016 Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (785KB) ( 184 )   Objective: To assess the consistency of salivary flow rate and xerostomia, and explore the risk factors for reduced salivary flow rate in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods: The clinical data of 151 patients with SS were collected, including a sensation of oral dryness (xerostomia), unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR), hematological indexes, and medical history. The Kappa consistency test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a very low consistency between the reduced USFR and xerostomia in SS patients. The reduced USFR was positively correlated with the course of SS, ANA antibody, IgM, and the comorbidity of autoimmune liver disease. Conclusion: The consistency of USFR and xerostomia in SS patients was poor. Although USFR has a certain predictive and monitoring value for SS, it may be influenced by multiple factors. Understanding the risk factors influencing USFR and implementing targeted intervention would be helpful for oral health management of SS patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of 47, XYY Syndrome with Self-injurious Oral Ulcer ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Qianqian, DU Guanhuan, WU Lan, SHEN Xuemin 2023, 39(8): 755-756.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.017 Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (1341KB) ( 126 )   The self-injurious oral ulcer is among the manifestations of self-injury behavior (SIB). The essay firstly reports a case of 47, XYY syndrome with self-injurious oral ulcer and illustrates the etiology and treatment of SIB involving the oral cavity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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White Sponge Nevus:A Case Report LIU Defu, CAI Yang 2023, 39(8): 757-759.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.018 Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (2717KB) ( 138 )   White sponge nevus (WSN), also known as white fold disease, is a rare oral streak disease with unknown etiology, and has a certain genetic or familial tendency. WSN is easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreated. This paper reports a case of WSN with a typical family genetic history and involving the vaginal vestibule, and reviews the literature to discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment of white sponge nevus and related diseases, in order to provide ideas for clinicians to improve the diagnostic rate and more scientific and appropriate treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of "Ice-Cream Cone" Technique in Dental Implant Surgery for Patient with Oroantral Communication: A Case Report ZHU Xiao, ZHANG Jie, ZHOU Yi 2023, 39(8): 760-762.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.08.019 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (2655KB) ( 520 )   Oroantral communication (OAC) is a common complication following tooth extraction. Improperly treated OAC may result in the cortical bone discontinuity at the floor of maxillary sinus and the adhesion of maxillary sinus membrane to oral mucosa, so as to increase the complexity of implant treatment. In this case, for the first time, the "ice cream cone technique" was employed to address OAC, concurrently accompanied with horizontal bone augmentation. This innovative approach successfully facilitated implant surgery. The technique is characterized by its simplicity to create a stable bone-forming space through the ice cream cone technique using a collagen membrane from bovine pericardium, which is suitable to manage small-diameter OACs. References | Related Articles | Metrics