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28 September 2023, Volume 39 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Ice-templating Technique and Its Application in Stomatology ZHOU Yanmin, YANG Yixin 2023, 39(9): 767-770.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.001 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (830KB) ( 282 )   Ice-templating technique is a technology that uses the directional growth of ice crystals to control the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of materials by adjusting the temperature distribution, cooling rate, and cooling direction in the freezing process, and then to prepare large-scale ordered porous materials. In recent years, it has shown unique advantages in the field of biomedicine, especially in the synthesis of tissue engineering biomimetic scaffolds. In stomatology, the current ice-templating technique is mainly used in the preparation of periodontal and dental tissue biomimetic repair scaffolds, as well as the synthesis of repairing materials and the culture of seeded cells from oral tissue. This paper summarizes the principle, technical points, and application status of ice-templating technique in stomatology, and looks forward to its application prospect in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements in Application of Copper Death in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Cancer WANG Chenchen, XU Yu 2023, 39(9): 771-774.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.002 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (812KB) ( 669 )   Oral cancer is the sixth most frequently occurring type of cancer in the world, whose incidence is on the rise in China. How to alleviate patients'pain and improve their prognosis through effective treatment is an issue worthy of our research and discussion. Recent research has identified a copper-dependent form of cell death known as 'cuprotosis'. Copper binds directly to the lipid acylated fraction involved in mitochondrial respiration, contributing to the aggregation of lipidated proteins and the reduction of iron-sulphur cluster proteins, resulting in a proteotoxic response that leads to cell death. Because abnormalities of copper homeostasis in the body can affect the growth of tumour cells, the efficacy of copper homeostasis in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies has attracted much attention in recent years. This paper briefly describes three copper-mediated anti-tumour mechanisms and a variety of novel copper complexes involved in solving clinical problems in oral malignancies. We hope that this will provide a reference for the clinical management of oral cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of N6-methyladenine RNA Methylation in Oral Development and Diseases HUANG Jing, ZHOU Yi 2023, 39(9): 775-779.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.003 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 221 )   Epigenetic regulation refers to the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic modification without alteration of genetic material sequence. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is one of regulation approaches. The expression level of target RNA is modified by methyltransferase, demethylase, and recognition protein. This article reviews the role and mechanism of m6A and its regulatory molecules in oral development and regeneration, oral inflammatory diseases, and oral tumor diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Orthodontic Treatment in the Combined Treatment of Periodontal Disease. FAN Xiuru, LIU Jia 2023, 39(9): 780-784.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.004 Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (1153KB) ( 285 )   Periodontal disease is the second largest oral clinical disease. The destruction of periodontal tissue causes tooth loosening, displacement, and even loss, and is often accompanied by secondary occlusal trauma, which makes orthodontic treatment of periodontal disease attract the attention of many scholars and clinicians. However, orthodontic treatment of periodontal disease is difficult and risky, which requires orthodontists to fully grasp the characteristics of them. This article reviews the preparation before orthodontic treatment, the choice of appliance, the characteristics of orthodontic treatment, the consideration after orthodontic treatment, and its molecular mechanism, in order to provide an effective basis for orthodontic clinicians to treat periodontal disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D Printed Composite Guide Plate in Assisting the Reduction of Complex Maxillofacial Fractures under Oral Intubation General Anesthesia GU Xujia, MENG Jian, LI Zhiping 2023, 39(9): 785-791.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.005 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (5323KB) ( 239 )   Objective: To explore the clinical effect of personalized designed 3D printed composite guide plates in assisting reduction of complex maxillofacial fracture surgery under oral intubation general anesthesia. Methods: Twenty-one patients with complex maxillofacial fractures who were treated at Xuzhou Central Hospital from October 2021 to June 2023 were randomly divided into 3D printed guide plate group (experimental group, 10 cases) and traditional manual reduction group (control group, 11 cases). After surgery, chromatogram evaluation, clinical evaluation, and symmetry evaluation of jaw anatomical landmarks were performed. Results: The experimental group saved an average of about 40 minutes in contrast to the control group, and no related complications occurred after 3 months of follow-up. One patient in the control group still had malocclusion. The chromatogram analysis of the experimental group showed that the mean and maximum deviations from the preoperative virtual surgery model were (0.13±0.97) mm and (2.72±0.99) mm, which were significantly lower than those of control group (0.32±0.23) mm and (3.91±1.02) mm, (P<0.05). The symmetry analysis showed that the experimental group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05), and the use of guide plate assisted surgery achieved more accurate preoperative expectations (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of personalized 3D printed composite guide plates can assist surgeons in quickly finding occlusions under oral intubation general anesthesia, shorten surgical time, and achieve precise reduction of fracture segments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study on Overexpression of P2X4 Receptors Mediating Trigeminal Neuralgia HUANG Ruoyu, SONG Yufeng, ZHOU Min, XU Haomin, LIU Jun, ZHANG Mingming, GAO Yun, XIONG Wei 2023, 39(9): 792-797.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.006 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (6224KB) ( 150 )   Objective: To validate whether P2X4 receptors mediate the molecular mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) by regulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through transfecting overexpressed P2X4 receptors in a TN rat model. Methods: The P2X4 receptor overexpression plasmid was transfected into the sublingual vein of TN rats. The facial pain threshold assay, quantitative fluorescence PCR, indirect immunofluorescence, protein blotting, and ELISA were used to detect the pain thresholds in rat spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) and trigeminal ganglia (TG), the transcript levels of P2X4, BDNF, and TrkB, the localization of P2X4 and BDNF, the protein expression of P2X4, BDNF, and TrkB, the phosphorylation levels of ERK, and the expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results: In the P2X4 receptor overexpression group, pain thresholds were reduced, transcript levels of P2X4, BDNF receptor, and TrkB were increased in STN and TG sites (P<0.01), BDNF receptor was co-localized with microglial marker OX42 in STN, P2X4 was co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in TG, ERK phosphorylation was increased in STN and TG sites (P<0.01), and IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels were increased in serum (P<0.01). Conclusion: Overexpression of P2X4 receptors decreased pain thresholds in rats, suggesting that P2X4 ions are involved in the TN pain pathway by the mechanism that P2X4 regulates the BDNF/ERK pathway, and enhances ERK phosphorylation and expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Root Resorption in Extraction Patients Treated with Clear Aligner ZHOU Lianggui, LIANG Ying, PENG Juxiang, GAO Juan, LI Qi, ZHENG Zhijun 2023, 39(9): 798-803.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.007 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (2281KB) ( 188 )   Objective: To investigate the root resorption of maxillary teeth in extraction patients treated with clear aligner using three-dimensional reconstructed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: One hundred and fifty teeth from 15 Class Ⅱ extraction treatment patients were selected. CBCT images were obtained at pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1). Root volume and root surface area(RSA)were calculated by three-dimensional reconstruction of CBCT images. Results: The root volume was significantly decreased in all patients (P<0.001), and 98% of the measured teeth showed mild to moderate root resorption. There was no significant difference in the severity of root resorption between anterior and posterior teeth (P>0.05). The RSA was significantly decreased in all patients (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in RSA between anterior and posterior teeth (P>0.05). The incidence of moderate and severe root resorption in incisors and first molars was 23.33%-26.67%. Conclusion: During clear aligner therapy for Class Ⅱ extraction treatment patients, mild to moderate root resorption occurred in most of the measured teeth, and no statistical difference in the changes of volume and surface area of anterior and posterior teeth, suggesting that orthodontists should pay attention to the risk of root resorptions not only in the anterior teeth but also in the posterior teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Factors Associated with Spontaneous Mesialization of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars during Orthodontic Treatment FAN Yaru, MENG Qingfang, WU Qianqian 2023, 39(9): 804-809.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.008 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (2851KB) ( 163 )   Objective: To investigate the factors associated with spontaneous mesialization of impacted third molars after second molar protraction. Methods: Forty-seven orthodontic patients [12 males and 35 females; mean age: (17.36±3.69) years] from Urumqi Stomatological Hospital treated with mandibular second molar protraction to close the space due to missing L-6 or L-E were selected, with the total number of missing molars was 66. The CBCT image data of mandibular second molar before treatment (T0) and after the anterior closure of missing space (T1) were accurately measured and analyzed. The correlation factors affecting the spontaneous mesial movement of the third molar were discussed by regression analysis. Results: Mandibular second molars were protracted by (5.61±2.46) mm and (6.28±3.19) mm measured at the crown and root furcation, respectively. After second molar protraction, third molars showed spontaneous mesialization by (5.16±2.00) mm and (4.47±2.72) mm, measured at the crown and root furcation, respectively. The distance of the second molar crown (P<0.05), the distance of the root furcation (P<0.05), Nolla’s stage of the third molar at T0 (P<0.05) and second molar protraction time (P<0.05) were significantly associated with the amount of third molar mesialization. Conclusion: Greater third molar mesialization was observed when Nolla’s stage of the third molar was higher before treatment and when the second molar protraction distance and time was longer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Odaph Promoting Osteoblasts Adhesion and Mineralization LI Mingyue, XIAO Shuang, LUAN Linqun, ZHANG Jie, GAO Yuguang, ZHANG Li 2023, 39(9): 810-814.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.009 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (1324KB) ( 177 )   Objective: To explore the influence of odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (Odaph) on osteoblast adhesion and mineralization. Methods: The expression of Odaph in mouse bone tissue was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of Odaph overexpression on MC3T3-E1 was detected by qRT-PCR. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the effect of Odaph overexpression on the expression of Lamininγ2 and Integrinβ6. Odaph and Lamininγ2 plasmid were cotransfected into human embryonic kidney cells-293T(HEK-293T), and co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between Odaph and Lamininγ2. After mineralization induction of MC3T3-E1, the expressions of mineralization-related markers ALP, OCN, and Runx2 were detected by qRT-PCR, and ALP activity was observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Results: Odaph was expressed in mouse bone tissue and MC3T3-E1. Odaph overexpression increased the expression of Lamininγ2 and Integrinβ6, and Odaph interacted with Lamininγ2. After mineralization induction, Odaph overexpression promoted the expression of ALP, OCN, and Runx2, and enhanced ALP activity. Conclusion: Odaph promoted osteoblast adhesion and mineralization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of SOCS6 on Inflammation and Apoptosis of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts through JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway QIU Feng, DU Yu, LUO Huibing, LIU Xing 2023, 39(9): 815-820.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.010 Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (1512KB) ( 306 )   Objective: To explore the effects of SOCS6 on inflammation and apoptosis of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods: hPDLFs in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into the following groups: control group, 0.1 mg/L LPS group, 1 mg/L LPS group, and 5 mg/L LPS group. qRT-PCR was used to observe the effect of LPS on the expression of SOCS6 mRNA in hPDLFs, Western blot was used to observe the effect of LPS on the expression of SOCS6 protein in hPDLFs, CCK-8 was used to observe the effect of LPS on the cell viability of hPDLFs, and ELISA was used to observe the effects of LPS on the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β of hPDLFs. The lentivirus titer, pre-experiment of the target cell infection, and cell transfection were detected, and SOCS6 mRNA expression was detected by qRT-PCR. hPDLFs in the logarithmic growth phase were transfected with overexpressed SOCS6. An inflammatory cell model of hPDLFs was then induced by LPS and treated overnight with the JAK2 signal activator coumermycin A1 (CA1). The groups were as follows: LPS group (5 mg/L LPS), LPS+oe-NC group, LPS+oe-SOCS6 group, and LPS+oe-SOCS6+CA1 group. CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability in each group, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis in each group, ELISA was used to detect the contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of SOCS6, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 proteins. Results: SOCS6 was expressed in hPDLFs. With LPS stimulation, SOCS6 gene expression was down-regulated, and the higher the concentration of LPS, the more obvious the down-regulation of SOCS6 gene expression in cells. Moreover, after overexpression of SOCS6 gene in hPDLFs, the protein expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 decreased obviously, the contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β decreased, and the apoptosis rate decreased. Conclusion: The expression of SOCS6 is down-regulated in LPS-induced periodontitis cell model, and the cell viability is significantly increased and the apoptosis rate is decreased after overexpression of SOCS6, which may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Resin Infiltration Combined with Remineralization on Stability of Enamel White Spot Lesions in Oral Acid-base Environment WANG Yan, NI Ke, HE Jingyu, LI Yingmei, MENG Qingfei 2023, 39(9): 821-826.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.011 Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (2976KB) ( 139 )   Objective: To observe and compare the changes of enamel roughness, hardness, and Ca/P ratio after resin infiltration combined with different remineralization treatment in oral acid-base circulation environment (pH cycle). Methods: A 4 mm×4 mm×2 mm enamel block was cut from 72 intact premolars in the center of the buccal surface of the crown. After acid-resistant nail polish was coated on its surface (except buccal side), it was placed in demineralization solution for 3 days to establish an in vitro demineralization model of enamel white spots. After resin infiltration treatment, half of the enamel surface was covered with acid-resistant nail polish as its own control side, and the other half was used as the experimental side. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=24). RI group was not treated with remineralization, RI/B group was treated with bioactive glass (twice a day), and RI/C group was treated with phosphopeptide containing fluorine casein/amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACPF) (twice a day) for 7 days. Except for remineralization treatment, all samples were placed in pH cycle solution. The nail polish removed from the control side was recorded as before the pH cycle (time T0) and after the pH cycle (time T1) on the experimental side. The roughness, microhardness, and Ca/P ratio of each group of samples before and after pH cycle were observed and measured. Results: Both remineralization and pH cycle can significantly affect the enamel surface roughness and Ca/P ratio (P<0.05). After pH cycling, the roughness values of three groups of samples all increased, but the added value of RI/B group (T1-T0) was the least, followed by RI/C group and RI group increased the most (P<0.05). The microhardness of three groups decreased slightly without statistical difference (P>0.05). The Ca/P ratio of three groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the decrease in RI group was the most, and that in RI/B group was the least. Conclusion: After resin infiltration treatment of enamel white spot lesions, the roughness was increased, and the hardness and Ca/P ratio were decreased in pH cycle environment. Combined with bioactive glass or CPP-ACPF remineralization treatment, it can effectively improve the demineralization resistance of enamel and improve the stability of resin infiltration treatment References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Mandibular First Molar Restored by Inlay with Different Undercut Treatment. KANG Xiaocui, ZHOU Shan, LI Chen, YAN Gaofei, ZHANG Rong, WANG Meili, ZHANG Wenqing, GUO Yang 2023, 39(9): 827-831.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.012 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (2611KB) ( 160 )   Objective: To discuss the effects of conventionally divergent preparation and minimally invasive preparation of undercut on inlay through three-dimensional finite element method. Methods: CBCT scanning data were used to establish the model of mandibular first molar restored by inlay with different undercuts diameters (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm). Two preparation methods were performed. Group A was minimally invasive preparation of undercut. Group B was conventionally divergent preparation of undercut. The size and distribution of stress were studied through finite element methods. Results: When filling material and diameter of the concave were the same, the equivalent stress of enamel was the same in group A and group B under vertical loading. The equivalent stress of dentin in group A was slightly larger than that in group B, and the equivalent stress of prosthesis in group B was significantly larger than that in group A. Under oblique loading, the stress of enamel, dentin, and restoration of group B were larger than those of group A. Different undercut filling materials had little effect on the equivalent stress value of enamel, dentin, and restoration. The stress of fluid resin was relatively small and uniform. Conclusion: From the view of biomechanics, the minimally invasive preparation of undercut is beneficial to protect the enamel and improve the stress of prosthesis, especially in the case of lateral loading But attention should be paid to protect the dentin during tooth preparation and root canal treatment. The filling material in the undercut area has little effect on the whole. In general, fluid resin is a better choice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Mechanical Properties and Cytotoxicity of 3D Printing Photosensitive Resin ZHANG Mengmeng, CHEN Zijie, HAO Pengjie 2023, 39(9): 832-837.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.013 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (4061KB) ( 206 )   Objective: To compare the mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of three different 3D printing photosensitive resins on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) so as to provide reference for clinical application. Methods: Three different 3D printing photosensitive resins (WANFAB DC20, T-CRD-141, and MED 610) were selected to make the standard specimens for mechanical properties test and cytotoxicity test, and then the flexural strength, compressive strength, Shore D hardness, and extract fluid were tested. The experimental data were compared and analyzed by single factor analysis of variance and multiple comparison afterwards (LSD test). Results: The flexural strength and compression strength of 3D printing photosensitive resin were MED 610>WANFAB DC20>T-CRD-141, and the Shore D hardness was WANFAB DC20>T-CRD-141>MED 610. The cytotoxicity of WANFAB DC20 was higher than that of T-CRD-141 and MED 610. Conclusion: The flexural and compressive strengths of WANFAB DC20 and T-CRD-141 were significantly lower than that of MED 610, but the Shore D hardness was higher than that of MED 610. The cytotoxicity of WANFAB DC20 was higher than that of T-CRD-141, but its mechanical properties were significantly better than those of T-CRD-141. WANFAB DC20 is the preferential selection of DLP printing materials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Dental Plaque Control for Fixed Orthodontic Adolescents using Interactive Electric Toothbrushes ZHENG Yaxin, LONG Yuyin, ZHANG Junjie, CHEN Weixiang, LI Huanhuan, GONG Beini, CHEN Xiaobo 2023, 39(9): 838-841.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.014 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (775KB) ( 223 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of manual toothbrush, ordinary electric toothbrush, and interactive electric toothbrush on plaque control for fixed orthodontic adolescents. Methods: Seventy-five adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly divided into manual, ordinary electric, and interactive electric toothbrush groups. Modified plaque index was measured after 0, 2, and 6 weeks, and the brushing times and motivation were assessed through questionnaires. Results: Compared with manual group, the ordinary electric and interactive electric toothbrush groups had significantly more plaque index reduction after 2 and 6 weeks, and the interactive electric group was better than the ordinary electric group (P<0.05). The brushing times and motivation of interactive electric groups increased significantly compared with other two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Electric toothbrushes can effectively help fixed orthodontic adolescents to remove dental plaque. Interactive electric toothbrush can improve the motivation of tooth brushing and get better plaque control effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lateral Transposition Flap Combined with Guided Tissue Regeneration in Treatment of Epulis with Alveolar Bone Resorption: A Case Report CHEN Weimin, ZHANG Zhang, MAO Shun, GUO Jingcai, PAN Taohua, XIE Hui 2023, 39(9): 842-844.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.015 Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (3521KB) ( 213 )   Epulis penetrating buccal and lingual sides are generally large in size, which may accompany with alveolar bone resorption. The recovery of soft and hard tissue defects after surgical resection is a major challenge in the treatment of epulis. This article reported the use of buccal transposition flap through the adjacent space combined with guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of large-volume epulis with alveolar bone resorption in one case. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lichen Planus Pemphigoides with Direct Immunofluorescence Fibrin Linear Positivity: A Case Report XIONG Xiaoqin, HU Huiting, YAO Yanmei, CHEN Zuanshan, MENG Wenxia 2023, 39(9): 845-847.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.016 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (2523KB) ( 133 )   Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is an autoimmune subepidermal herpetic disease, with a long and recurrent course, which is relatively rare to only cause oral mucosal lesions. In this paper, we report the management of a case of LPP with linear positive of fibrin through direct immunofluorescence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Restoration of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Assisted by Digital Technique: A Case Report JIANG Zhongwei, ZHOU Hongli, ZHANG Fan, CAI Xinjie 2023, 39(9): 848-851.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.09.017 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (5751KB) ( 420 )   A case of aesthetic defect of maxillary anterior teeth with altered passive eruption and diastema is performed periodontal surgery and veneer restoration assisted by digital technique, who finally achieves satisfactory treatment results. It is hoped that this case can be used as a reference for the digital treatment and multidisciplinary joint treatment of aesthetic defect cases in dental clinics. References | Related Articles | Metrics