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28 October 2023, Volume 39 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Neuroimmune: New Insights into Oral-Brain Axis for Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's Disease MA Guowu, WANG Fu, KONG Lingwenyao 2023, 39(10): 857-861.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.001 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (945KB) ( 253 )   Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth most common primary disease that threatens the health of the elderly after cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The etiology of AD is still unclear. Periodontal disease is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity caused by dysbiosis and an important risk factor for AD. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that periodontal patients have a significantly increased risk of AD, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Chronic neuroinflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of AD. Systemic inflammation can induce and exacerbate central nervous system immune responses to participate in AD. Periodontal disease can similarly trigger chronic inflammation in the body. It has been suggested that periodontal disease may be involved in AD by triggering neuroinflammation. However, a systematic evaluation of the involvement of periodontal disease in the pathogenesis of AD through neuroimmune pathways is still lacking. Therefore, this review summarizes the known interactions between periodontal disease and AD and highlights insights into the involvement of periodontal disease in the pathogenesis of AD through neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory pathways, with the expectation that it will provide additional ideas for the study of mechanisms related to periodontal disease and AD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Progress of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontic Diagnosis, Treatment, and Soft Tissue Prediction LIU Jiayi, ZHOU Yanheng 2023, 39(10): 862-865.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.002 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (825KB) ( 626 )   In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence in the field of orthodontics is increasing, and many artificial intelligence models are applied to orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, prognosis prediction, etc. The research shows that the application of artificial intelligence in orthodontics can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment with high accuracy, but there are also problems such as insufficient data, single sample source, poor interpretability of artificial intelligence model, etc. This review intends to provide an overview of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence models used in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and facial profile prediction after orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery, so as to comprehensively understand the status of artificial intelligence in orthodontics and provide reference for relevant research and clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of Pulpotomy in Permanent Teeth: from Fundamental to Clinical Application LANG Xuelian, HU Tao 2023, 39(10): 866-870.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.003 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (849KB) ( 600 )   Pulpotomy is the routine of vital pulp therapy. Based on the theory of minimally invasive endodontics (MIE), the physiological function of soft and hard tissues can be preserved to the maximum extent. In order to ensure the clinical prognosis of pulpotomy, this article reviewed the basic and clinical literature of pulpotomy in recent years and summarized the clinical operating procedures, with hope to provide some references for future clinical practice and research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Metal Ion Doped Silicocarnotite Bioceramics in Field of Bone Repair LI Xinrui, MENG Weiyan 2023, 39(10): 871-874.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.004 Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (827KB) ( 263 )   Oral hard tissue defects caused by periodontal diseases, tumors, trauma, and congenital malformations bring great difficulties to the reconstruction of oral function. Silicocarnotite [Ca5(PO4)2SiO4,CPS] bioceramics have become the research hotspot of new generation of bone defects restoration materials due to their good biocompatibility, degradability, osteoconductivity, and bone conductivity. Natural human mineralized tissues contain various metal ions such as Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, etc, which have their unique biological properties, and the incorporation of these metal ions into silicocarnotite has great potential for material modification. This paper outlines the current investigations of silicocarnotite bioceramics, focusing on the effects of ion doping on the physicochemical properties of bioceramics, the role of metal ions in antibiosis and promoting osteogenesis and neoangiogenesis, and their possible mechanisms, and provides an outlook on the future development of silicocarnotite-based materials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Precision of Various Digital Impressions for Full-arch Implant-supported Prosthesis CHENG Jing, LIU Hailin, ZHUO Xiangyang, LI Ruiying 2023, 39(10): 875-879.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.005 Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (1982KB) ( 170 )   Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of conventional impression, intraoral scanning, multi-unit bridge-assisted intraoral scanning, and stereophotography techniques for maxillary full-arch implant-supported prosthesis. Methods: An aircraft-grade aluminium alloy model of the maxillary edentulous jaw, encompassing six implants, was constructed. Impressions were acquired through conventional techniques, intraoral scanning, multi-unit bridge-assisted intraoral scanning, and stereophotography techniques. The three-dimensional deviation in each of these impressions was measured to evaluate the trueness and precision. Results: The three-dimensional deviation exhibited by stereophotography techniques was less than that of the conventional impression, intraoral scanning, and multi-unit bridge-assisted intraoral scanning. However, there was no statistically significant difference amongst the latter three groups. Conclusion: The stereophotography technique demonstrates superior trueness and precision, establishing itself as an optimal technique for full-arch implant-supported prosthesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Implantation Accuracy of 3D Printing Individualized Titanium Mesh in Guided Bone Regeneration CHENG Yi, CHEN Gang, ZHAO Pengyu, ZHAO Nan, WANG Chao, CHEN Dan, HUANG Haitao 2023, 39(10): 880-885.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.006 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (4369KB) ( 261 )   Objective: To investigate the accuracy of three dimensional printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) in alveolar bone guided bone regeneration surgery. Methods: CBCT data of 9 patients who underwent guided bone regeneration using 3D-PITM as scaffold material due to severe alveolar bone defects were reconstructed in three dimensions immediately after surgery and 6-9 months after surgery, and the actual titanium mesh was digitally fitted with the preoperative designed titanium mesh model to compare the overall deviation and deformation of the titanium mesh. Results: The average deviation of titanium mesh between immediate post-GBR surgery and preoperative design was (0.76±0.23) mm; between 6-9 months post-GBR surgery and preoperative design was (0.71±0.19) mm; and between 6-9 months post-GBR surgery and immediate post-GBR surgery was (0.35±0.11) mm. The largest deviation value occurred between immediate post-GBR surgery and the preoperative design (3.50 mm). Compared with preoperative design, the largest deformation angle of titanium mesh of immediate post-GBR surgery was 21.49°, the smallest was 0°, and the average was (9.92±8.72)°. The correlation analysis showed that the larger the deformation angle of titanium mesh after GBR surgery, the larger the deviation between it and the preoperative design. Conclusion: The actual position of titanium mesh was still deviated from the preoperative design during 3D-PITM guided bone regeneration. It is necessary to study and improve the accuracy of 3D-PITM guided bone regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal Experimental Study on Modified Socket-shield Technique with in Vitro Root Preparation ZHAN Zhen, ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Fubao, PEI Jing, ZENG Yongfa, HUANG Jiamei, SHI Lianshui 2023, 39(10): 886-891.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.007 Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (6257KB) ( 132 )   Objective: To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of modified socket-shield technique so as to explore the method to reduce the sensitivity of traditional socket-shield technique by analyzing the cone-bean computed tomography(CBCT)and histological findings. Methods: Six healthy beagle dogs were used in this study. The third premolar (P3) and the fourth premolar (P4) on both sides of the mandible were hemisected in the buccal-lingual direction, and the clinical crown of the distal or mesial root was cut off. The implant bed on the lingual side of the root was prepared. The root fragment was extracted, prepared in vitro, and then replanted in situ. Immediate implantation was performed. After 3 months of submerged healing, the specimens were performed with CBCT observation and histological examination. Results: After 3 months, no complications such as peri-implant inflammation and implant failure were observed. CBCT showed that all implants formed osseointegration. Histology showed that the root fragment had replacement or surface absorption. There was new bone formation between the root fragment and the implant, and the buccal alveolar ridge was well preserved. Conclusion: Under strict control of the time and storage medium of replanted root fragment, the modified socket-shield technique with in vitro preparation is feasible and can reduce the technical sensitivity. However, long-term animal experimental studies and clinical trials are needed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy Analysis of Tent Nail Technique for Bone Augmentation in Mandibular Posterior Region KONG Dejing, JIANG Zhaoxia, HAN Wenli, QU Zhe 2023, 39(10): 892-897.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.008 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (5384KB) ( 151 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of tent nail technique on horizontal and vertical bone augmentation in the mandibular posterior region. Methods: A total of 17 sites in 9 patients with alveolar crest width ≤5 mm in the mandibular posterior region were selected. During the operation, 1-2 tent nails were inserted into the bone defect area, absorbable collagen membrane combined with 1∶1 mixture of demineralized bovine bone (DBBM) and autologous bone were used. Imaging and biological complications were examined at 6 months after operation. The CBCT data of the patients before surgery, on the day of surgery, and 6 months after surgery were collected and imported into Mimicis software for fitting and matching, respectively. The changes of bone height and bone width on the day of surgery and 6 months after surgery were measured. Results: The initial mean bone width of 9 subjects was (4.04±0.65) mm, the mean bone height was (13.64±2.91) mm. The bone width and height on the postoperative day were (12.21±1.24) mm and (16.95±2.26) mm. After 6 months, the bone width became (9.13±2.27) mm, and the bone height became (15.49±2.21) mm. The bone width increased by (5.09±2.03) mm and the bone height increased by (1.84±2.25) mm at 6 months after surgery compared with the preoperative values. During 6 months of bone healing, the absorption of bone width and height was (3.08±1.41) mm and (1.46±0.57) mm. Conclusion: The present study showed that tent nails played a significant role in spatial maintenance during bone healing, and the application of tent nails combined with GBR (1∶1 mixture of DBBM and autogenous bone) for bone augmentation in the severely atrophied mandibular posterior region achieved good clinical results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Study on Ectopic Eruption of First Permanent Molars of School-age Children in Qingdao ZHANG Qian, WANG Wenru, ZHAO Xia 2023, 39(10): 898-902.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.009 Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (1634KB) ( 102 )   Objective: To learn the incidence, distribution, and severity of ectopic eruption of first permanent molars of school-age children in Qingdao by panoramic radiographs. Methods: The panoramic radiographs of school-age children from 5-8 year-old were selected. These children came to the Pediatric Stomatology Department of Qingdao Stomatological Hospital from August 1, 2020 to December 10, 2022. The age and gender of the subjects and the tooth number, tooth location, and severity of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar were counted by SPSS 24.0 software. Results: In 8939 cases, 295 cases (3.31%) were diagnosed as ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar. The prevalence of males (164 cases, 3.4%) was higher than that of female (131 cases, 3.2%). The incidence of maxilla (84.4%) was significantly higher than that of mandible (15.6%, P<0.001). The incidence of the left (47.7%) was similar to that of the right (52.3%, P>0.001). Bilateral (63.1%) ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar was more common than unilateral (36.9%). Severe and very severe ectopic eruptions were more common in the maxilla than in the mandible (P<0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar was slightly higher in males than in females. The ectopic eruption of the first permanent molars is more common in the maxilla than in the mandible, and the incidence is roughly the same in the left and right maxilla. Bilateral first permanent molar eruption is more common than unilateral eruption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Non-endotracheal Intubation Intravenous Anesthesia Technique in Children Oral Day Surgery ZHAI Rong, ZHAO Ping, ZHAO Xiang, CAO Xinyang, LI Liangjun 2023, 39(10): 903-906.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.010 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (848KB) ( 91 )   Objective: To explore the clinical experience of non-endotracheal intubation intravenous anesthesia in children oral day surgery. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-two children with dental phobia were given oral treatment under intravenous anesthesia with propofol after preoperative dental X-ray examination and general health examination. Results: All cases completed the oral treatment successfully under intravenous anesthesia. Conclusion: The oral treatment under the intravenous anesthesia is an effective method, which can make the operation smoothly, it has little trauma to the children and reduces the medical cost. Rapid postoperative recovery is beneficial to children's oral treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Promoting Pain Relief after Pulpotomy Combined with Pre-crown Surgery in Children YAN Shiwen, PAN Wenting, LI Tiantian, JIANG He, WANG Mengwen, XUE Peng 2023, 39(10): 907-910.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.011 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (784KB) ( 164 )   Objective: To learn the effect of photodynamic therapy(PDT) on promoting pain relief after pulpotomy combined with stainless steel preformed crowns(SSC)in children. Methods: Thirty pairs of teeth restored with SSC were selected, which were divided into photodynamic therapy and control groups, using an autologous tooth as the control. The children were followed up at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h after restoration. Results: At 6 h after SSC, the incidence of pain was 20% and 10% in the control group and the experimental group, respectively, and the incidence of pain was 60% and 56.67% in the two groups at 24 h after surgery, respectively, and the pain scores and pain levels in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). However, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant at 72 h after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion: Photodynamic interventions after SSC can effectively relieve post-operative pain symptoms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Capsaicin Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Rats XIONG Yu, ZHENG Xinxin, CHEN Jinglin, CHEN Lizhen, JIN Youhong, WANG Pei 2023, 39(10): 911-916.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.012 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (2555KB) ( 147 )   Objective: To prepare capsaicin (Cap) nanoparticles and develop them into gel to observe their therapeutic effect on trigeminal neuralgia in rats. Methods: Cap-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid/Cap nanoparticles (PLGA/Cap NPs) were prepared using PLGA as the carrier and bovine serum albumin as the stabilizer by emulsion solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high sensitivity zeta potential analyzer, and nanoparticle size analyzer. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to analyze the properties of the nanoparticles. The Cap nanoparticles were then prepared into gel with Carbopol 934. The drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release performance were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, they were applied to the surgical site of rat trigeminal neuralgia to observe the efficacy. Results: At a dose of 17 mg, PLGA/Cap NPs had regular spherical shape with hydrated particle size of (389.58±12.02) nm; polymer dispersity index (PDI) of 0.270±0.018; Zeta potential of (33.56±2.61) mV; drug loading capacity of (57.56±0.05)%; encapsulation efficiency of (90.26±0.90)%; and maximum cumulative release rate of 77.19%. After applying 0.03%, 0.3%, or 3% PLGA/Cap NP gels to the surgical site in rats' faces, trigeminal pain threshold was significantly increased (P<0.05). The level of substance P (SP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in serum were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cap nano-gel has certain therapeutic effects on rat trigeminal neuralgia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Deep Learning Picture Classification Model for Identification and Classification of Invasion Pattern of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma WU Tianci, YU Jiaxin, HUANG Xiaofeng, CHEN Sheng, WANG Yuxin, PU Yumei 2023, 39(10): 917-922.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.013 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (4778KB) ( 225 )   Objective: To explore the feasibility and effect of the deep learning network model (ResNet-18) to determine the worst infiltration mode (worst pattern of invasion, WPOI) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC). Methods: The 491 digital pathological sections collected by ResNet-18 model were trained to identify and distinguish non-tumor areas, WPOI 1-3 and WPOI 4-5, and the model was evaluated using the classification accuracy. Results: ResNet-18 neural network can effectively distinguish non-tumor areas of OSCC, WPOI 1-3 and WPOI 4-5, with an accuracy of 99.5%. Conclusion: The deep learning network model ResNet-18 can effectively distinguish the non-tumor areas of OSCC, WPOI 1-3, and WPOI 4-5, and assist physicians to improve the diagnosis speed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and Validity of Perceived Stress Scale in Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer ZHOU Jie, YAN Quanhong, ZENG Xiaoyun, JIN Song 2023, 39(10): 923-927.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.014 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (815KB) ( 201 )   Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the perceived stress scale (PSS-10) in recurrent aphthous ulcer. Methods: Using convenient sampling method, 155 cases of recurrent aphthous ulcer were investigated by on-the-spot questionnaire. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were used to test its reliability. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the construct validity of PSS-10, and HADS was selected as the criterion validity. Results: Two factors of helplessness and self-efficacy were obtained by exploratory factor analysis, which cumulatively explained 70.42% of the total variance of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the two-factor model (χ2/df=1.98, CFI=0.96, NNFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.08, RMSR=0.09). The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.72, in which the internal consistency coefficient of helplessness was 0.90, and the internal consistency coefficient of self-efficacy was 0.89. There was a significant correlation between PSS-10 and HADS, showing a good criterion correlation validity. Correlation analysis showed that women were higher than men in sense of helplessness and self-efficacy. Different types of RAU patients had significant differences in sense of helplessness and self-efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The perceived stress scale has good validity and reliability and can be used as a self-assessment tool to evaluate the stress degree of recurrent aphthous ulcer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Severe Crowding and Class Ⅱ Malocclusion Division 2 with Scissors bite: A Case Report YU Lei, ZHANG Han, ZHANG Haoyan, LI Xinyi, YANG Wanqi, ZHU Xianchun 2023, 39(10): 928-931.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.015 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (4068KB) ( 143 )   This paper reports a case of Class Ⅱ, Division 2 with severe dentition crowding, deep overbite, and posterior teeth locking. Through tooth extraction, straight wire arch correction technology combined with implant nails, and long arm traction hooks, the symptoms of skeletal Class Ⅱ and anterior teeth lingual inclination were improved and satisfactory results were obtained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type Ⅰ with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report ZENG Biyun, HUANG Junhui, CHEN Qun 2023, 39(10): 932-934.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.016 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (3508KB) ( 185 )   Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, characterized by bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture, is a group of heritable disorders of connective tissue. The incidence at birth is 1∶10000-1∶20000. OI has multiple secondary features, including blue sclerae, dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), hearing loss, and so on. In this paper, we reported a case of 24-year-old boy, with a chief complaint of tooth fracture and pain. On the grounds of history taken, clinical examination, radiological examination, and genetic testing, we came to a conclusion of OI with dentinogenesis imperfecta type Ⅰ. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Microscopic and Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Restoration of Maxillary Anterior Teeth: A Case Report YANG Ziyi, NIU Wenjun, LI Chenxi, XIAO Weiwei, SHI Hongqian, HUANG Cui, LIANG Shanshan 2023, 39(10): 935-937.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.017 Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (5181KB) ( 284 )   Minimally invasive aesthetic restoration of maxillary anterior teeth has emerged as a prominent topic and a significant challenge in dentistry. This article presents a typical clinical case of minimally invasive aesthetic restoration of maxillary anterior teeth by using post-and-core crowns and porcelain veneer assisted by dental microscope, according to the minimally invasive concept and goal of aesthetic restoration. References | Related Articles | Metrics