Neuroimmune: New Insights into Oral-Brain Axis for Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's Disease

doi:10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.10.001

Abstract

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth most common primary disease that threatens the health of the elderly after cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The etiology of AD is still unclear. Periodontal disease is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity caused by dysbiosis and an important risk factor for AD. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that periodontal patients have a significantly increased risk of AD, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Chronic neuroinflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of AD. Systemic inflammation can induce and exacerbate central nervous system immune responses to participate in AD. Periodontal disease can similarly trigger chronic inflammation in the body. It has been suggested that periodontal disease may be involved in AD by triggering neuroinflammation. However, a systematic evaluation of the involvement of periodontal disease in the pathogenesis of AD through neuroimmune pathways is still lacking. Therefore, this review summarizes the known interactions between periodontal disease and AD and highlights insights into the involvement of periodontal disease in the pathogenesis of AD through neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory pathways, with the expectation that it will provide additional ideas for the study of mechanisms related to periodontal disease and AD.

Key words: periodontal disease, Alzheimer’s disease, neuroimmune, neuroinflammation, oral-brain axis, oral-gut-brain axis

MA Guowu, WANG Fu, KONG Lingwenyao. Neuroimmune: New Insights into Oral-Brain Axis for Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's Disease[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2023, 39(10): 857-861.

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