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Research Progress in Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hairy Tongue WU Sihua, CHEN Qianming 2024, 40(9): 757-761.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.001 Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (1748KB) ( 132 )   Hairy tongue is a hairy lesion on the dorsal surface of the tongue that can be stained by food, tobacco, or microorganisms, resulting in a variety of colors such as white, tan, and black. Hairy tongue is a kind of benign lesions that can cause halitosis, dry mouth, aesthetic problems, so that patients’ quality of life is reduced. At present, the pathogenesis of hairy tongue has not been clarified. This review summarizes current studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of hairy tongue, which may be related to metabolic abnormality of filiform papillae, oral microbiota imbalance, immune abnormal phenomenon, and use of certain drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Single-cell Sequencing in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research QIAO Yingjie, HUANG Xinzhi 2024, 40(9): 762-766.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.002 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (816KB) ( 114 )   Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant oral tumor with a tendency for metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Current research on its mechanisms is insufficient. Single-cell sequencing and the spatial transcriptome technology can obtain transcriptome information at the single-cell level, enabling more in-depth research on cell populations, functions, changes, and communication. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the application of single-cell sequencing technology in OSCC research areas such as cell typing, tumor microenvironment, tumor invasion and metastasis, therapeutic targets and prognostic markers, immune-targeted therapy, and intratumoral microbiota. It also points out the current deficiencies in research and suggests directions for future improvements. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth, Construction, and Maintenance of Retromolar Space HU Jia, JIA Ying 2024, 40(9): 767-771.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.003 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (805KB) ( 35 )   The retromolar space is the biological and spatial basis of orthodontic molar distal movement. As one of the common and important orthodontic treatment methods, the effect of molar distal movement is often uncertain. At present, most of the studies focus on how to improve the distal movement efficiency of molars and optimize the static calculation methods of postmolar space, but there are few studies on the dynamic plastic construction mechanism of retromolar space and the effect of orthodontics on it. This article reviews the growth, plastic construction mechanism, and related influencing factors of retromolar space, in order to provide reference for clinical correct evaluation and utilization of retromolar space. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Developmental Anomalies of Anterior Deciduous Teeth in 3-6-year-old Children QIU Fenfang, MENG Shan, WU Zeqi, WANG Haixia 2024, 40(9): 772-777.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.004 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (3341KB) ( 78 )   Objective: To investigate the occurrence of developmental anomalies of anterior deciduous teeth in 3-6-year-old children. Methods: A total of 9432 panoramic radiographs of 3-6-year-old children with deciduous dentition were collected from January 2023 to December 2023. The incidence of anterior deciduous and inherited dental developmental anomalies was observed and analyzed. Results: The incidence of anterior deciduous developmental anomalies was 3.9%, and the difference between the genders was not statistically significant (P=0.483). Congenital anterior deciduous teeth absence was the most common, with an incidence of 2.15%. There was no statistical difference between genders (P=0.887). The differences between unilateral and bilateral, maxillary and mandibular, right and left were statistically significant (P=0.000). Four types of congenital deciduous anterior teeth absence with inherited permanent teeth were observed (absent teeth 70.85%, visible teeth 25.83%, fused teeth 1.85%, and supernumerary teeth 1.48%). The incidence of anterior deciduous tooth fusion was 1.84%, and there was no statistical difference between genders (P=0.110). The differences between unilateral and bilateral, maxillary and mandibular were statistically significant (P=0.000). Tooth fusion in right was more than left (P=0.012). Three types of deciduous anterior fused teeth with inherited permanent teeth were observed (absent teeth 52.33%, visible teeth 43.52%, and fused teeth 4.15%). The incidence of supernumerary teeth in deciduous anterior teeth was 0.13%, and two types of inherited permanent teeth were observed (33.33% with supernumerary teeth and 66.67% without supernumerary teeth). The incidence of freakish lingual cusp in deciduous anterior teeth was 0.42‰, bi-rooted in deciduous anterior teeth was 0.21‰, and impacted in deciduous anterior teeth was 0.11‰. Conclusion: The anterior deciduous developmental anomalies partly affects deciduous teeth and deciduous dentition, and even complicates with permanent teeth and permanent dentition abnormalities. The application of imaging examination can detect inherited permanent teeth abnormalities so as to adopt reasonable treatment plans. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Saliva Microbial Community and Construction of Prediction Model for Young Children with Caries LIN Xiuyan, ZHAO Caiyun, SHI Hong 2024, 40(9): 778-784.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.005 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (1836KB) ( 35 )   Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of early childhood caries (ECC) and to provide a basis for exploring the correlation between ECC and flora and establishing a comprehensive diagnostic model of ECC through high-throughput sequencing on saliva of children with different caries status. Methods: Children were examined orally and divided into three groups according to the Results: Caries free (CF) group, ECC group, and Severe early childhood caries (SECC) group. The influencing factors of ECC were investigated by questionnaire. At the same time, saliva of three groups of children was collected for high-throughput sequencing, and a disease diagnosis model based on the above results was established by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: There was significant statistical difference in the composition of microbial communities among groups with different caries status (P<0.05). Among the top 15 bacterial genera, the abundance levels of Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Alloprevotella were significantly different (P<0.05). Veillonella and Leptotrichia were the marker species of ECC group. Alloprevotella was significantly enriched in SECC group. The area under the ROC curve for screening children with high caries risk was 0.754, which was based on the age of weaning from bottle feeding, the combined application of Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Alloprevotella. Conclusion: Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Alloprevotella may be potential cariogenic bacteria in saliva of children with caries. The age of weaning from bottle feeding, the combined application of Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Alloprevotella are of diagnostic value for screening children with high caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SIRT1 Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs and H-type Vessels Formation to Promote Healing of Osteoporotic Bone Defects YANG Qiheng, LIU Shibo, LIU Hanghang, LIU Yao, SHAO Jingjing, LUO En 2024, 40(9): 785-792.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.006 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (12763KB) ( 29 )   Objective: To investigate the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) on H-type vessels regeneration and bone defect healing in senile osteoporotic state by regulating osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to explore its specific molecular mechanism. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect age-related changes in SIRT1 expression in mouse bone tissue. BMSCs were treated with SIRT1 activator SRT1720 and inhibitor EX527, and the changes in the expression of osteogenic markers and H-type angiogenic factors were detected by RT-qPCR and Western Blot, and the changes in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the above process were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot. A model of osteoporotic bone defects was constructed in the elderly, and SRT1720 and EX527 were administered with XAV939, an inhibitor of Wnt signaling pathway, and CHIR-99021, an activator of Wnt signaling pathway, respectively. The differences in the formation of new bone and H-vessel content of the defects were detected by Micro-CT, HE/Masson staining, and immunofluorescent staining in the respective groups. Results: The expression of SIRT1 showed an age-increasing down-regulation trend in mouse bone tissues. SIRT1 was able to promote the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and the pro-H-type angiogenic factors slit homolog 3 (SLIT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and able to promote the H-type angiogenesis and bone regeneration in the region of osteoporotic bone defects in old age, which was mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: SIRT1 can promote the osteogenic differentiation and H-type angiogenesis of BMSCs by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which in turn promotes the healing of bone defects in the osteoporotic state of aged mice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Study on Application of High-negative Pressure Drainage Bottle in Postoperative Removal of Maxillofacial Tumors HU Zelong, LI Peibo, XIE Yuchong, LI Ran, LI Bingyan, LI Rui 2024, 40(9): 793-796.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.007 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (1839KB) ( 16 )   Objective: To retrospectively analyze the complications and economic benefits of using high-negative pressure drainage bottles versus low-negative pressure drainage drums in patients undergoing maxillofacial tumor resection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with maxillofacial tumors between December 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022. Based on the treatment received, 123 patients were divided into two groups: the high pressure negative pressure wound therapy (HP-NPWT) group (≤-15 kPa, n=79) and the low pressure negative pressure wound therapy (LP-NPWT) group (≥5.2 kPa, n=44). Clinical outcome data, including postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and surgical and treatment costs, were analyzed. Results: Among 44 patients in the low-pressure group, 17 patients had wound infections, resulting in a wound infection rate of 38.64%. In contrast, among 79 patients in the high-pressure drainage group, only 3 patients had infections, yielding a wound infection rate of 3.8% (P＜0.001). Regarding flap transplantation, the incidence of flap necrosis in the low-pressure group was 9.09%, while no cases of flap necrosis occurred in the high-pressure group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of complications in patients undergoing maxillofacial tumor resection surgery with high-negative pressure suction drainage is significantly lower compared to low-negative pressure suction drainage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Lugol's Iodine Enhanced Micro-CT Imaging for Evaluating Margin Status of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma YU Jiaxin, LIU Kunyu, ZHANG Qian, PU Yumei, HU Qingang, XIA Chengwan, WANG Yuxin 2024, 40(9): 797-802.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.008 Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (2866KB) ( 26 )   Objective: To assess the incisal margin status of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in three dimensions using Lugol's iodine enhanced Micro-CT imaging. Methods: A total of 68 human OSCC in vitro samples were collected for this study. All samples were stained with 3% solution of Lugol's iodine for 12 hours and underwent Micro-CT scanning with a layer thickness of 50 μm. Subsequently, the Lugol's iodine stained samples were subjected to routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining sections (4 μm) to create digital pathological sections. The mucosal margin (MM) and deep margin (DM) were measured separately on both the imaging and pathological images. Results: Lugol's iodine enhanced Micro-CT imaging can effectively differentiate tumor boundaries in three-dimensional space, providing more accurate measurements of MM and DM compared to two-dimensional pathological sections, thus enabling identification of positive incisal margins and critical incisal margins. Conclusion: Lugol's iodine enhanced Micro-CT imaging allows comprehensive evaluation of OSCC incisal margins in three dimensions, offering more comprehensive and clear information regarding tumor margins which can guide clinical treatment plan selection and prognosis assessment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of CENPF on Progression of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma through Regulation of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway YANG Xinyi, HUANG Weiwei, HUANG Li, HU Yun 2024, 40(9): 803-809.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.009 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (4001KB) ( 13 )   Objective: To investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of CENPF in the pathogenesis and development of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Methods: CENPF in ACC cells was knocked down by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The effects of CENPF knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ACC cells were evaluated using CCK-8, scratch assay, and transwell assay, respectively. Changes in the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine/threonine protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins in ACC cells after altering CENPF expression were analyzed by Western blot. Finally, the combined effect of CENPF knockdown and PI3K inhibitor BKM-120 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ACC cells was assessed using CCK-8, scratch assay, and transwell assay. Results: Knockdown of CENPF expression in ACC-M cells resulted in decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities as demonstrated by CCK-8, scratch assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The expression levels of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway, including p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR, were reduced. Furthermore, the expression levels of these proteins further decreased when PI3K inhibitor was added to CENPF-knockdown ACC-M cells. Additionally, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of ACC-M cells with CENPF knockdown were further weakened when PI3K inhibitor was added compared to CENPF knockdown alone. Conclusion: CENPF regulates the progression of ACC by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CBCT Imaging Analysis of Relative Position between First and Second Mandibular Molars and Mandibular Canal YANG Sisi, CHENG Bo, YIN Miao, WENG Xiuhong, YANG Fuhua 2024, 40(9): 810-815.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.010 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (1505KB) ( 40 )   Objective: To analyze the root distribution of the first and second mandibular molars, as well as the relative orientation and distance between the root tip and the mandibular canal. Methods: The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients who visited the Department of Stomatology at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in the past 2 years were selected. After screening with inclusion criteria, the proportion of root types of the first and second molars in CBCT was analyzed, as well as the relative orientation and distance between the root tips and the mandibular canal. The differences in the relative positions between different genders and between the left and right sides were compared. Results: (1) In the overall population, the number of mandibular second molars with two root types was higher than that with single root types, with more two root types in males and more single root types in females (P<0.001). The number of mandibular first molars with two root types was more than that with three root types, and there was no significant difference between genders. There was no significant difference in the root distribution of the first and second molars on the left and right sides. (2) The root of the second molar was mainly located directly above the neural canal, followed by the upper part of the lingual side, and was least commonly distributed above the buccal side. The mesial root of the first molar and the distal root of the two root type first molar were mainly distributed above the neural canal, followed by the upper buccal side, and the least commonly distributed above the lingual side. The distal buccal roots of the three types of first molars were mainly distributed above the buccal side, followed by directly above. The distal lingual roots of the three types of first molars were mainly distributed above the lingual side, and rarely located directly above. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the relative orientation of the second molars with two roots in the left and right sides. There was a gender difference (P<0.01) in the relative orientation of the two root type first molar. (3) The second mandibular molar was closer to the mandibular canal than the first molar (P<0.001). In these three types of roots, males got further distance than females: the mesial root tips of second molars with two roots (P<0.001), the distal root tips of second molars with two roots (P<0.001), and the distal buccal root tips of first molars with three roots (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the distance between left and right sides. Conclusion: The second mandibular molar is closer to the nerve canal than the first molar. There are gender differences in the distribution of root types and the distance between the root tip and the nerve canal in some mandibular molars, and there are differences in the orientation of the root tip relative to the nerve canal between males and females, as well as between the left and right sides in some root types. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Root and Canal Morphology of Primary Maxillary Second Molars Studied by CBCT PENG Xuezhen, KONG Jie, ZHANG Li, LIU Jie, WANG Qin 2024, 40(9): 816-819.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.011 Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (1249KB) ( 26 )   Objective: To analyze the root and canal morphology of primary maxillary second molars by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: CBCT images of 144 Chinese children (aging from 4 to 8) in the Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital were analyzed. The number of roots and morphology of canals were record. The data were statistically analyzed by software SPSS 26.0. Results: Ninety-eight point five percent of the teeth had three roots and one point five percent had four roots, respectively. There was no significant difference in the number of roots between genders (P=1.000) and between left and right sides (P=0.123). Of the subject enrolled, 3 canals in 3 roots were found in 62.03% and 4 canals in 3 roots in 31.95% of the molars, respectively. There was no difference in the 2 major types of root canal between genders (P=0.513) and between left and right sides (P=0.894). Conclusion: The morphology of the root canals of maxillary second primary molars is very complex. It is necessary to master the common morphological types before root canal treatment to improve the success rate of root canal treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Eupatilin Inhibits RANKL-induced Osteoclast Differentiation by Regulating MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways ZHAO Boxuan, LI Ting, YAO Hantao, WANG Zijun, GUO Haiying, JI Yaoting, DU Minquan 2024, 40(9): 820-826.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.012 Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (5750KB) ( 41 )   Objective: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of eupatilin on the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells to osteoblasts. Methods: CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of Eupatilin on the cell activity of osteoclast precursor cells RAW264.7 and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). RAW264.7 and BMDMs were induced to differentiate into osteoclasts by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and different concentrations of Eupatilin (5, 10, and 20 μmol/L) were used for intervention. The effects of Eupatilin on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation were evaluated through TRAP staining and F-actin staining. The expression of osteoclast-related marker genes was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway molecules were detected by Western blot. Results: Eupatilin at 20 μmol/L exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the differentiation of osteoclasts, and also shown an effective downregulation of the expression of related marker genes such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphas (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK). Western blot results indicated that Eupatilin significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway molecules induced by RANKL. Conclusion: Eupatilin exerts a significant inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by regulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Celastrol on Periodontal Tissue Injury in Periodontal Disease Rats by Regulating HMGB1-RAGE Signaling Pathway PAN Xuan, XU Zhengmao, XIANG Guolin, XIA Shidi, JIN Song 2024, 40(9): 827-833.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.013 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (4345KB) ( 412 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of celastrol (Cel) on periodontal tissue injury in periodontal disease (PE) rats by regulating high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1)-advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling pathway and its mechanism. Methods: The periodontitisrat model was established rat model was established. The rats were separated into Control group, Model group, low, Celastrol groups [Cel-L group: 1 mg/(kg·d) Cel; Cel-M group: 2 mg/(kg·d) Cel; and Cel-H group: 4 mg/(kg·d) Cel], and Cel-H+HMGB1 recombinant protein group group (4 mg/(kg·d) Cel+R-HMGB1). The inflammation of periodontal tissue was evaluated. Microcomputedtomography asappliedtoobservethealveolarboneresorption. He hematoxylin and eosin staining and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were applied to observe the pathological changes of periodontal tissue and the number of osteoclast. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma. IFN-γ superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase CAT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Western blot was applied to detect the levels of HMGB1 and RAGE proteins. Results: Compared with the control group, partial loss of gingival papilla and erosion or ulcer of gingival epithelium were found in the model group, a large number of inflammatory cells were found in the gingival epithelium and lamina propria, periodontal collagen bundles were arranged irregularly, some collagen fibers were dissolved and degenerated, and alveolar bone resorption was obvious. The gingival index, gingival bleeding index, cement-to-enamel junction-alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) value, the number of osteoclast in periodontal tissue, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum, the levels of MDA, ROS, NO, and PGE2 in periodontal tissue, and the expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE proteins in periodontal tissue were obviously increased in rats (P<0.05). The levels of SOD and CAT in periodontal tissue were obviously reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the Model group, the alveolar bone damage and inflammatory erosion in the Cel-L, Cel-M, and Cel-H groups were reduced, the gingival index, gingival bleeding index, CEJ-ABC value, the number of osteoclast in periodontal tissue, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum, the levels of MDA, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, and PGE2 in periodontal tissue, and the expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE proteins in periodontal tissue of rats were obviously reduced (P<0.05). The levels of SOD and CAT in periodontal tissue were obviously increased (P<0.05) and dose-dependent. HMGB1 recombinant protein could reverse the inhibitory effect of celastrol on periodontal tissue injury in PE rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Celastrol can inhibit the periodontal tissue injury in periodontal disease rats by inhibiting HMGB1-RAGE signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of A Young Permanent Tooth after Unsuccessful Root Canal Therapy: A Case Report XI Xufeng, WANG He, LIN Yao 2024, 40(9): 834-836.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.014 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (2077KB) ( 77 )   Regenerative endodontic treatment for young permanent teeth after unsuccessful root canal therapy is challenging and rarely reported, and requires long-term follow-up for efficacy assessment. This case demonstrates a regenerative endodontic treatment for the mandibular second premolar. The periapical inflammation of this tooth was caused by inadequate filling. The outcome was favorable after 36 months of follow-up. Clinical examination and imaging revealed that the tooth exhibited normal percussion responses, and the low-density images of periapical inflammation disappeared. The infection control of the affected tooth was achieved, and the pulp regeneration was induced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia with a New Missense Mutation in GNAS ZHANG Lanlan, WANG Weihong 2024, 40(9): 837-839.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.015 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (4572KB) ( 29 )   We report a case of fibrous dysplasia with a new missense mutation in GNAS (NM_016592.5; Exon 1/13; c.517G>C). Gene mutations in this site are not reported in fibrous dysplasia patients. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is diagnosed by the combination of imaging and clinical results, histopathological analysis, and the whole exon gene test. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accidental Ingestion during Edentulous Fixed Implant Impression: A Case Report and Risk Prevention WANG Shuang, DUAN Siyi, CHEN Rui, WANG Zijian, DU Bowen, TANG Yulong 2024, 40(9): 840-842.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.016 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (2272KB) ( 28 )   This article reports the detailed process of an accidental swallowing of an impression coping following edentulous fixed implant surgery. Combining literature analysis, preventive measures and treatment options for accidental ingestion are summarized to offer a warning and reference for clinical doctors, aiming to prevent such accidents from happening. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Addison's Disease with Mucosal Skin Pigmentation as Initial Manifestation CHEN Xiaojie, LU Rui, ZHOU Gang 2024, 40(9): 843-846.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.09.017 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (4316KB) ( 33 )   Primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, is a rare adrenal diseases closely related to autoimmune diseases that can be accompanied by various systemic manifestations, including mucosal and skin pigmentation, and even lead to adrenal crisis that endangers life. Pigmentation of oral mucosa often appears earlier than on the skin, which may be confused with other pigmentation related diseases and easily misdiagnosed in clinical practice. This article reports a case of Addison's disease with mucosal and skin pigmentation as the initial symptom. After timely diagnosis and treatment, the pigmentation completely disappeared, providing a specialty diagnosis and treatment approach with oral mucosal characteristics for this disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics