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28 December 2025, Volume 41 Issue 12 Previous Issue   

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Research Progress on Mechanisms of miRNA in Osteogenic Aspects of Alveolar Bone Homeostasis LIN Tong, LI Wenjin 2025, 41(12): 1019-1024.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.001 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (1275KB) ( 28 )   The growth and development of alveolar bone is a continuous and dynamic process, maintained by the coordinated activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to balance bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts play a central role in this process by synthesizing and secreting bone matrix, which subsequently undergoes mineralization to sustain the dynamic equilibrium of alveolar bone. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have recently been identified as key modulators of osteoblast activity. By targeting mRNAs involved in osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, miRNAs influence the formation and homeostasis of alveolar bone. This review explores the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate osteogenesis in alveolar bone, with a focus on their roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may provide valuable insights into the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for alveolar bone-related diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Understanding Role of Occlusal Force in Non-carious Cervical Lesions ZHOU Kaiyan, LI Song 2025, 41(12): 1025-1029.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.002 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (839KB) ( 37 )   Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) refer to the loss of dental hard tissue at the cervical region of teeth, the exact pathogenesis of which remains unclear, and effective prevention and treatment strategies are still lacking. The relationship between occlusal force and NCCL has long been a focus of research, as NCCL development may be associated with occlusal stress. This article reviews recent advances in studies exploring the biomechanical interactions between occlusal force and NCCL pathogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Prospects of "One-Abutment One-Time" Concept in Implant Restoration LIN Hailu, WANG Linhong 2025, 41(12): 1030-1036.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.003 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (885KB) ( 11 )   Conventional implant restoration often involves repeated assembly and removal of components, which can damage the mucosal barrier, displace fibrous tissue, and cause marginal bone loss. To address this, the one-abutment one-time (OA-OT) concept, introduced by Degidi in 2011, advocates placing the final abutment at the time of implant placement or during the second-stage surgery. This approach avoids multiple adjustments of healing abutments, transfer bars, and restorative abutments, reducing trauma to peri-implant tissues. While studies suggest that OA-OT placement preserves more peri-implant bone, its impact on the long-term stability of soft and hard tissues remains debated. This review explores the effects and application prospect of OA-OT on peri-implant tissue stability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective Mechanism of PINK1-mediated Mitophagy on Apoptosis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Repukati·DILIMAOLATI, Ailimaierdan·AINIWAER, WANG Qi, CHEN Yue, HALIYA 2025, 41(12): 1037-1043.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.004 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (4539KB) ( 9 )   Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin-mediated mitophagy under inflammatory conditions and its regulatory role in apoptosis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) during periodontitis progression. Methods: Apoptosis levels in gingival tissues from healthy individuals and patients with gingivitis or periodontitis were assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the expression of PINK1 and Parkin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. PDLSCs were isolated from three groups, and the expressions of autophagy-related, mitophagy-related, and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. MitoTracker Red staining was used to examine mitochondrial function, and flow cytometry was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Results: With the progression of inflammation, apoptotic cells increased in gingival tissues. PINK1 and Parkin expression was upregulated in gingivitis tissues but downregulated in periodontitis. In PDLSCs derived from inflamed tissues, autophagy was enhanced, as evidenced by increased autophagy-related proteins and decreased p62 levels. The expression of PINK1 and Parkin showed a dynamic pattern consistent with mitophagy changes during disease progression. MitoTracker staining revealed disrupted mitochondrial distribution and reduced membrane potential in PDLSCs from the periodontitis group. Western blot and flow cytometry further confirmed elevated apoptosis, with strengthened pro-apoptotic signals and diminished anti-apoptotic activity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that dysregulated mitophagy in periodontitis promotes PDLSC apoptosis, indicating that mitophagy plays a critical role in disease progression and may serve as a potential target for periodontal tissue regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Fumaric Acid on Alveolar Bone Loss in Mice with Experimental Periodontitis ZHANG Yuxin, WEI Zhuang, XU Yuxuan, CAI Ming, CHANG Zhimin, LIU Yan 2025, 41(12): 1044-1049.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.005 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (6689KB) ( 6 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on alveolar bone loss in mice with experimental periodontitis induced by ligation. Methods: The groups were as follows: normal mice + solvent group, normal mice were intragastric administrated with 0.8% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) every two days; mice with periodontitis + CMC group, periodontal ligation was performed on the mice, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into the gingival sulcus every two days, and the mice were intragastrically administered with 0.8% CMC; mice with periodontitis + DMF group, periodontal ligation was carried out on the mice, LPS was injected into the gingival sulcus every two days, and the mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg DMF suspension. The treatments in the latter two groups were lasted for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the left maxilla of three groups of mice was taken for immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), and the sections were observed under a microscope. The expression levels of IL-1β in peripheral blood and spleen were detected by ELISA. Micro-CT was used to scan the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) to evaluate alveolar bone loss. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to assess tissue inflammatory response, bone resorption, and osteoclast activity. Results: After DMF intervention, the CEJ-ABC and Tb. Sp of periodontitis mice increased and decreased respectively compared with those in the periodontitis group, while the Tb. Th and BV/TV increased compared with the periodontitis group. The level of IL-1β in peripheral blood and spleen were lower than those in the periodontitis group, the percentage of inflammatory cell infiltration decreased, and the activity and percentage of osteoclasts decreased. Conclusion: DMF can reduce alveolar bone loss in mice with experimental periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Icariin on Periodontal Tissue Inflammatory Damage in Periodontitis Rats by Regulating NOX2/ROS/NF-κB Pathway XIAO Zunsheng, DING Wencui, LIU Lu, WEN Chao 2025, 41(12): 1050-1054.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.006 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (2456KB) ( 6 )   Objective: To discuss the impact of icariin (ICA) on periodontal tissue inflammatory damage in periodontitis rats by regulating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Methods: Rats were grouped into control group, model group, ICA low-dose group (ICA-L, 20 mg/kg), ICA high-dose group (ICA-H, 40 mg/kg), and NOX2 inhibitor group (2.5 mg/kg), each with 12 rats. Gingival bleeding index (BI) was used to assess periodontal tissue inflammation. Micro CT was used to measure alveolar bone resorption. HE staining was used to measure the pathological morphology of periodontal tissue. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect osteoclast count. ELISA method was used to test interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ROS, and catalase (CAT). Western blot was used to detect the NOX2 and NF-κB proteins. Results: Compared with the control group, the model group showed prominent increases in BI, CEJ-ABC distance, IL-1β, IFN-γ, ROS levels, NOX2, and NF-κB proteins (P<0.05), significant decreases in SOD and CAT (P<0.05), ulceration and erosion of gingival epithelium, extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the gingival solid layer, a prominent downward movement of the alveolar ridge, and a large number of active osteoclasts. Compared with the model group, the ICA-L group, ICA-H group, and NOX2 inhibitor group showed prominent increases in GI, CEJ-ABC distance, IL-1β, IFN-γ, ROS levels, NOX2, and NF-κB proteins (P<0.05), significant decreases in SOD and CAT (P<0.05), obvious reduction in gingival epithelium damage and inflammatory cell infiltration, upward movement of alveolar ridge crest, and decrease in osteoclasts. GSK2795039 treatment could reverse the effects of ICA on the above indicators. Conclusion: ICA may improve the periodontal tissue inflammatory damage in periodontitis rats by inhibiting NOX2/ROS/NF-κB pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Quercetin on Human Dentin Resistance to Erosion on in-situ Study JIANG Nengwu, HUANG Yuxia, ZHENG Zhanglong, BI Wei 2025, 41(12): 1055-1058.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.007 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 10 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of quercetin on the human dentin resistance to erosion on in-situ study. Methods: Twenty dentin blocks (2 mm×2 mm×2 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into two groups, which were treated with 1.23×104 μg/mL sodium fluoride and 300 μg/mL quercetin, respectively. The oral environment was simulated through the in-vitro acid and in-situ remineralization cycle. After treated with corresponding solution, dentin specimens were wore by ten volunteers in the customized intraoral appliance. Four cycles of acid etching were performed during this period: soaked in citric acid (pH=2.45) for 4 times with 5 min in each time. The experiment was lasted for 7 days. The SMH and surface profiles were detected before and after erosion by using the surface microhardness tester and contact profilometry, respectively. The SMH% and the surface loss were calculated. Results: In the in situ experiment, all volunteers completed the experiment process. The SMH% of quercetin group was (6.22±2.94)%, which was significantly lower than that of sodium fluoride group [(19.23±5.78)%, P<0.01]. The surface loss in quercetin group [(0.97±0.34) μm] was significantly lower than that in sodium fluoride group [(2.61±0.97) μm , P<0.01]. Conclusion: Based on the in situ experiment, the short-term (2 min) application of 300 μg/mL quercetin solution can significantly improve the acid corrosion resistance of dentin, and the effect is better than the traditional high concentration [(1.23×104) μg/mL] sodium fluoride solution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide Medication Combined with Apical Barrier Technique in Treatment of Open Apices in Permanent Teeth XU Ke, XU Xiaoyin, TANG Yumu, SHEN Suqian, LU Le 2025, 41(12): 1059-1064.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.008 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (2251KB) ( 21 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and influencing factors of long-term calcium hydroxide medication combined with iRoot BP Plus apical barrier technique in treating chronic apical periodontitis in permanent teeth with open apices. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 74 teeth treated at Suzhou Stomatological Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. All cases received Vitapex for 1-35 months, followed by apical barrier treatment using iRoot BP Plus upon lesion control or calcified barrier formation. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 47 months. Clinical parameters including age, sex, tooth position, diagnosis type, medication duration, lesion area, apical foramen diameter, and PAI score were analyzed in relation to treatment outcomes. Results: The total effective rate was 97.3%, with a healing rate of 82.4%. Age, preoperative lesion area, follow-up duration, tooth position, and diagnosis type were significantly associated with outcomes (P<0.05), while sex, medication duration, and apical foramen diameter were not (P>0.05). Conclusion: This treatment approach is clinically effective and particularly suitable for younger patients with non-cystic premolars and smaller lesions. Extended follow-up may improve outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility Study on Lugol's Iodine Enhanced Micro-CT Imaging to Assist Pathological Assessment of Lymph Node Status of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma GU Zhouyu, JIA Hui, WANG Yuxin, XIA Chengwan 2025, 41(12): 1065-1069.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.009 Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (2320KB) ( 6 )   Objective: To evaluate the status of regional lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with Lugol's iodine enhanced micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) imaging. Methods: Seventy-five isolated lymph node samples were collected from OSCC patients, and were stained with 3% Lugol's iodine for 12 hours before Micro-CT scan. The samples were sliced by conventional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and digital pathological sections were made. The evaluation of lymph node metastasis status by Micro-CT image and pathological image was compared. Results: Lugol's iodine enhanced Micro-CT imaging could delineate lymph node metastasis clearly. 2D pathological sections were used as gold standard, with specificity of 90.4%, sensitivity of 91.3%, and accuracy of 90.7%. Conclusion: Lugol's iodine enhanced Micro-CT imaging can accurately evaluate the status of isolated lymph node metastasis in OSCC in three dimensions, effectively reduce the missed diagnosis of microlymph node metastasis in simple two-dimensional pathological sections, and provide a more accurate basis for the formulation of postoperative adjuvant treatment for OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Oral and Maxillofacial Space Infections WU Liu, CHEN Xin, ZHOU Hang, SHI Jianfeng 2025, 41(12): 1070-1073.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.010 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (792KB) ( 12 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with oral and maxillofacial space infections, and to explore the significance of blood tests and bacterial cultures in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The medical records of 268 patients with maxillofacial space infections from 2017 to 2023 were reviewed. Results: Male patients accounted for 62.69%, while females accounted for 37.31%. The most common age group affected was 51-60 years. A high proportion of patients were from rural areas, and the largest occupation group was farmers. The diagnosis of maxillofacial space infections was the most common, with left-sided infections being more prevalent than those on the right. Streptococcus anginosus and streptococcus constellatus were the most common bacteria isolated in cultures. The number of white blood cells correlated with the length of hospital stay. Lower counts indicated milder infections and shorter hospitalizations. Hypertension was the most common complication observed. Conclusion: Blood tests and bacterial cultures can provide indicators of infection severity and therapeutic effectiveness. It is recommended to conduct regular oral examinations and professional cleanings, promptly treat oral diseases, and maintain good oral hygiene habits to prevent maxillofacial space infections. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of TGF-β1/Smad7 on Lumican mRNA Expression in Tooth Germ Epithelioid Cells of Rats CUI Yingying, SUN Yiqun, ZHANG Bin, LIU Zhen, TIAN Jiangang, HUANG Ruizhe 2025, 41(12): 1074-1080.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.011 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (3756KB) ( 5 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad7 signaling pathway on lumican expression in primary cultured cells. Methods: Epithelioid cells from the tooth germs of SD rats were isolated, cultured, purified, and identified in vitro. Well-grown cells were selected for study. Smad7 mRNA expression was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). RNA interference via electroporation was employed to explore its impact on Smad7 expression. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of TGF-β1 (0, 0.1, and 10 ng/mL) to assess its effect on lumican mRNA expression. Results: Primary culture of SD rat tooth germ epithelioid cells was established via enzymatic digestion. Microscopic observation revealed cells with homogeneous morphology, exhibiting round or oval shapes, single nuclei, and abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the epithelial origin of the cells: cytokeratin 14 (epithelial marker) was positively expressed, while vimentin (mesenchymal marker) was negative. qRT-PCR demonstrated detectable Smad7 mRNA expression in these cells, though at lower levels compared to GAPDH. Electroporation-based transfection with the pRNAi-Smad1949 interference fragment significantly downregulated Smad7 expression. Compared to the control group, treatment with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 markedly increased lumican mRNA expression (P<0.05), indicating TGF-β1 enhanced lumican transcription. Intriguingly, suppression of Smad7 via pRNAi-Smad1949 transfection also led to elevated lumican mRNA expression. Conclusion: TGF-β1 upregulates lumican mRNA expression in tooth germ epithelioid cells by activating Smad7 signaling, with a dose-dependent effect. This mechanism may influence epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, thereby affecting tooth formation and differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and Mechanism of Yinqiao Powder on Recurrent Oral Ulcers in Rats GUAN Jingping, LI Xia, LI Ling, MA Chaoqing, WANG Jinxing 2025, 41(12): 1081-1086.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.012 Abstract ( 7 )   PDF (2863KB) ( 6 )   Objective: To observe the effect of Yinqiao Powder on rats with recurrent oral ulcers (ROU) and to explore its influence on the IκB kinase β subunit (IKKβ)/nuclear factor κB p65 subunit (NF-κB p65) pathway. Methods: A rat model of ROU (recurrent oral ulcers) was established, and the rats were divided into the following groups: model group, prednisolone (20 mL/kg) group, Yinqiao Powder low-dose (16.74 g/kg crude drug) and high-dose (33.48 g/kg crude drug) groups, and normal control group. Each group consisted of 10 rats. The rats in each group were administered either the respective treatment or saline once daily by gavage for 20 consecutive days. The number of ulcers, duration, and interval time in the rats were observed and recorded. Histopathological changes of the ulcer tissue were observed using HE staining. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations CD4+ and CD8+ were measured using flow cytometry. Serum and ulcer tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of p-IKKβ, IKKβ, p-NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p65 in ulcer tissues were measured using Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group, the model group rats showed increased number of ulcers, peripheral blood CD8+ content, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, p-IKKβ/IKKβ, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in ulcer tissues (P<0.05); peripheral blood CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ contents were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the prednisolone group and the Yinqiao Powder low- and high-dose groups showed reduced number and duration of ulcers, peripheral blood CD8+ content, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and protein expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, p-IKKβ/IKKβ, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in ulcer tissues (P<0.05); the interval time between ulcers and peripheral blood CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ contents were increased (P<0.05); and the therapeutic effect of Yinqiao Powder was dose-dependent (P<0.05). Conclusion: Yinqiao Powder can promote ulcer healing by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors in serum and ulcer tissues of ROU rats, and regulating the balance of T cell subsets in peripheral blood. Its molecular mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the IKKβ/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Induced by Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease: A Case Report LIN Huili, LIU Binjie, LI Wenjie, CHEN Jun 2025, 41(12): 1087-1090.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.013 Abstract ( 7 )   PDF (3547KB) ( 5 )   This paper aims to report in detail the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of a case of oral submucous fibrosis induced by chronic graft-versus-host disease. Through in-depth analysis and elaboration of this case, it is expected to provide valuable reference for research and clinical practice in related fields. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Removal of Inverted Impacted Teeth Using Dynamic Navigation System Under Conscious Sedation and Analgesia: A Case Report ZHANG Ziyue, YANG Shimao 2025, 41(12): 1091-1093.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.014 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (3993KB) ( 13 )   Extraction of mandibular impacted teeth often poses risks of critical anatomical structure injury and exacerbates patient anxiety. Clinically, precise, minimally invasive, and comfortable procedures are essential to minimize complications and psychological stress. This article reports a case of using dynamic navigation technology for precise positioning and minimally invasive removal of a mandibular inverted impacted third molar under conscious sedation and analgesia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthodontic Treatment for Bilateral Impacted Mandibular Second Molars with Elongation of Opposite Molars: A Case Report ZHONG Yue, QIU Ya, YANG Qing, XUE Chen, LI Lihua 2025, 41(12): 1094-1098.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.015 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (10216KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To explore the orthodontic treatment effect for patient with bilateral impacted mandibular second molars and elongated maxillary molars. Methods: The treatment involved the use of resin ball with elastic wire traction, micro-implant anchorage, and intrusion arch. Results: After 33 months of treatment, bilateral mandibular second molars were successfully pulled in place and the elongated maxillary molars were effectively depressed, achieving good occlusal and proximal relationship. Conclusion: For patient with low-impacted mandibular second molars and elongated maxillary molars, the combination of resin ball with elastic wire traction, micro-implant anchorage, and intrusion arch can achieve simple and efficient correction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Periodontal-orthodontic Combined Treatment for Stage Ⅳ Periodontitis Patient with Pathological Tooth Migration: A Case Report with 42-Month Follow-up CHEN Danyan, DONG Weili 2025, 41(12): 1099-1103.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.12.016 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (10831KB) ( 5 )   This article reported a case of combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment in a patient with stage Ⅳ periodontitis with pathological tooth migration and Angle class Ⅰ malocclusion. Initial periodontal therapy, flap surgery, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) were carried out before orthodontic treatment. After the periodontal status was improved, the patient was treated with invisible orthodontic appliances. Combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment yields outcomes of periodontal tissue health, aesthetics of the teeth and occlusal balance for patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics