Abstract: The growth and development of alveolar bone is a continuous and dynamic process, maintained by the coordinated activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to balance bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts play a central role in this process by synthesizing and secreting bone matrix, which subsequently undergoes mineralization to sustain the dynamic equilibrium of alveolar bone. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have recently been identified as key modulators of osteoblast activity. By targeting mRNAs involved in osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, miRNAs influence the formation and homeostasis of alveolar bone. This review explores the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate osteogenesis in alveolar bone, with a focus on their roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may provide valuable insights into the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for alveolar bone-related diseases.

Key words: microRNA, alveolar bone, homeostasis, osteogenesis