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28 July 2018, Volume 34 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research Progress in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Verrucous Carcinoma TANG Zhan-gui, CHEN Juan 2018, 34(7): 687-691.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.001 Abstract ( 481 )   PDF (2200KB) ( 377 )   Oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC), a malignant tumor, has distinctive and unique histological changes and biological behaviors. The clinical manifestations of OVC often appear as a slowly increasing verrucous off-white growth, which primarily occurs in the maxillary and mandibular gums and in the nearby mucosal folds. In this review, we focused on the research progress and gave insight into the etiology, clinical manifestation and classification, oral pathology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of oral verrucous carcinoma, so as to serve as a spur to stimulate more worthy and valuable contributions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Role of Krüppel-like Factors 4 in Odontoblast Differentiation and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma HUANG Ling-yan, YE Sheng-jia, YE Yan-ling, FANG Ping-juan 2018, 34(7): 692-694.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.002 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (831KB) ( 210 )   Krüppel-like factors 4 (KLF4), a member of the KLF family, is a zinc-finger transcription factor. KLF4 is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, somatic cell reprogramming, tumorigenesis, and many other important physiologic processes. The expression of KLF4 in the oral tissue is biochemically and functionally significant. This paper investigated the biochemical activities of KLF4, and the function of KLF4 in odontoblast differentiation and oral squamous cell carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cracked Teeth CHEN Gong-pei, YU Qing, YANG Wei-dong, YANG Ya-ping, HUA Fang 2018, 34(7): 695-698.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.003 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (840KB) ( 463 )   In recent years, the incidence of cracked teeth is gradually increased and has become the third major factor of posterior teeth loss in adult. However, the cracked teeth have no self-conscious symptom in the early stage, and it is hard to find cracks in time. The clinical manifestations are various, which easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and consequently involve the pulp and the extraction of the teeth in severe cases. Even if the crack is clearly diagnosed, due to the dentists could not accurately estimate the depth of the cracks, it caused many problems for dentists to develop treatment plans and estimate prognosis. This paper introduces the latest progress in diagnosis and treatment of the cracked teeth to help the dentists have a better understanding. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Nanostructures on Titanium or Titanium Alloy Implant Surface on Cell Behaviors CAI Yan-kun, ZHENG Guo-ying, SUI Lei 2018, 34(7): 699-702.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.004 Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (840KB) ( 259 )   Different nanostructures of implant surface can be obtained by diverse methods, which have important effects on biological behaviors related to osteogenesis. In this paper, the influence of different nanostructures of titanium or titanium alloy implant surface on osteogenesis related cell behaviors is reviewed. It is aimed to provide theoretical basis for further improvement to implant surface topography and clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Modification of Implant Materials by Polydopamine LU Zheng-kuan, CHEN Tian-jie, LIU Hong, LIU Chen-chen, WANG Na, LIU Xiu-ju 2018, 34(7): 703-706.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.005 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (958KB) ( 283 )   In view of the problems in clinical application of implant materials, researchers are using polydopamine, a secondary reaction platform to modify implant materials to make up for its shortcomings. In this paper, we reviewed the recent research advance of polydopamine that is used to functionally modify oral, orthopedic, and stent implants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Blebbistatin Promotes the Membrane Distribution of CXC Chemokine Receptor Type 4 and Migration of Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells YE Shu, MAI Yu-yun, QUAN Jing-jing, HU Xiao-li, ZHANG Xiao-lei 2018, 34(7): 707-711.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.006 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1824KB) ( 205 )   Objective: To investigate whether Blebbistatin could regulate the distribution of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and promote the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: BMSCs were isolated from SD rats using the whole bone marrow adherence method and the cells were treated with Blebbistatin for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The expression of surface CXCR4 was detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration ability was tested by Transwell migration assay. Osteogenesis was induced then ALP activity was detected in the early stage of induction, and was confirmed by alizarin red staining when induction was completed. Results: The surface expression of CXCR4 of Blebbistatin-treated cells was significantly increased in a time-dependent manner (P<0.01). Cell migration efficiency of Blebbistatin-treated cells increased in 15, 30 and 60 min groups (P<0.01). During osteogenic induction, there was no significant difference in the ALP activity among the groups. A large number of calcified nodules were found in all the groups on the 21th day. Conclusion: Blebbistatin promoted the surface expression of CXCR4 in BMSCs and promoted the migration of BMSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Platelet-rich Fibrin Extract on Proliferation and Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Serum-free Culture WANG Ying, XU Yan, PANG Gang, YE Xing-ru, HE Jia-ling, XIE Xian-zhe 2018, 34(7): 712-716.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.007 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (2802KB) ( 161 )   Objective: To culture human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro by using platelet-rich fibrin extract (PRFe) with serum-free medium, and analyze their proliferation and differentiation. Methods: hDPSCs were isolated from impacted third molars of young healthy donors and identified by stem cell surface marker expression using flow cytometry. Experimental group used α-minimal essential medium containing PRFe without fetal bovine serum, while control group used the α-MEM with 10%FBS. The two groups were analyzed for: morphology, growth characteristics, alkaline phosphatase activity using ALP staining, and the gene expression of BMP2, RUNX-2, OCN, and ALP using real-time PCR. Results: hDPSCs had high expression of markers CD44, CD90, CD105, and low expression of markers CD34 and CD45. hDPSCs cultured in the experimental group showed a similar morphology as cultured in the control group but more thin, long and stereoscopic. Under osteogenesis induction, the osteogenic differentiation ability of two groups significantly increased (P<0.05). However, the expression of experimental group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: PRFe can support the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different Bone Condensation Methods on Bone Remodeling after Implantation ZHU Yu-chi, WANG Yu-wei, GUO Xiao-dong, BAO Chong-yun, WANG Liao 2018, 34(7): 717-720.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.008 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (2321KB) ( 183 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of different bone condensation methods on the stability of implant and crestal region bone loss, so as to improve the design of condensation protocol. Methods: In this study, three different groups were designed: Undersized Group (Control), Modified Condensation Group (Test A), and Normal Condensation Group (Test B). Different operation protocols were used and the implants with same diameter were inserted into healed maxillary extraction sites of CD1 mice. The mice were killed right after the operation or 3 or 21days after the implant insertion, and the lateral stability testing and histological examinations were performed. Results: Accumulation of TRAP+ cell and crestal region bone loss were observed in Test B Group, and the secondary stability of Test B Group was significantly lower than that of Test A Group. Conclusion: Optimizing the condensation protocol is beneficial to reducing occurrence probability of bone resorption after condensation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Concentrated Growth Factors on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in Rats GE Lin-hu, FANG Yin, ZHA Jun, LI Jun, WAN Mian-jia, WANG Li-ping 2018, 34(7): 721-725.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.009 Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (2404KB) ( 223 )   Objective: To study the effects of concentrated growth factors on the expression of BSP, Runx2, and ALP, and to seek the mechanism of concentrated growth factors stimulating the osseointegration of titanium implants in rats. Methods: In vitro experiment, MTT and RT-qPCR were used to detect the proliferation and the expression of BSP, Runx2, and ALP in osteoblasts. In vivo experiment, the model of the osseointegration of titanium implants in the femora of rats was established. Micro-CT was used to analyze the bone mineral density, percent bone volume, and intersection surface. Results: Concentrated growth factors significantly increased the proliferation and the expression of BSP, Runx2, and ALP in osteoblasts. In vivo experiment, 8 weeks after implantation, concentrated growth factors significantly increased the bone mineral density, percent bone volume, and intersection surface. Conclusion: Concentrated growth factor may promote the osseointegration of titanium implants in rats by increasing the expression of osteoblast differentiation related genes, such as BSP, Runx2, and ALP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Change of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Level in Peripheral Blood of Experimental Peri-implantitis Model of Rats with Microscrew Implants LI Na, LIN Chong-xiang, DING Xi, SHAO Xia, ZHAO Yu, TU Cheng-wei 2018, 34(7): 726-729.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.010 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (1561KB) ( 263 )   Objective: To establish a peri-microscrew implantitis model in the femur of rats, and investigate the change of proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood. Methods: Twelve male SD rats were divided into normal group, peri-implantitis group, and blank group (n=4). The normal group and peri-implantitis group accepted an implantation of microscrew implant in the distal end of the femur, while the later one underwent cervical ligation immediately around the implants whose upper part was exposed in vitro. The normal group had no events after the implantation, and the blank group only accepted a “fake” operation without implantation. Four weeks after the operation, the abdominal blood was collected and the femur of each group was taken an X-ray examination and detected the the ratio of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in T lymphocytes (CD4+) using flow cytometry. Results: The peri-implantitis group showed an inflammatory granulation tissue around the implants, whose X-ray film indicated an angular absorption of cortical bone and had a lower proportion (0.66±0.32)% of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood, significantly lower than normal group (2.69±1.19)% and blank group (4.06±1.34)% (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between normal group and the control group. Conclusion: The model of peri-microscrew implantitis in rats’ distal end of femur can be established. Rats with peri-microscrew implantitis have a decrease in the number of Foxp3+ regul-atory T cells in peripheral blood, which may be associated with the pathogenisis of peri-microscrew implantitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Proximal Contact Loss of Single Implant-supported Crown in Posterior Region DU Rui-tian, LIU Sen-qing, LI Hong-wen, FU Yun-ting, WANG Xiao-yan, GENG Fa-yun 2018, 34(7): 730-733.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.011 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (1463KB) ( 195 )   Objective: To investigate the proximal contact loss between single implant-supported crown and the adjacent teeth in posterior region. Methods: A total of 147 patients who had single tooth missing in posterior region were chosen for the present study. The proximal contacts between implant-supported crowns and the adjacent teeth were ideal conformed by dental floss at delivery time. After 1 year, the proximal contacts of all surfaces were detected by the dental floss again and recorded with ideal, not tight enough, and open. The incidence of proximal contact loss was calculated. The differences of incidence between mesial and distal surfaces and between premolar and molar group were compared. The influencing factors were explored. Results: No mechanical complication was observed. 78 surfaces were recorded with not tight enough or open, with the incidence of 29.59%. The incidence in mesial surface, distal surface, premolar group and molar group were 26.53%, 32.65%, 18.18%, and 38.89%, respectively. The incidence between mesial and distal surface was not significant different, however, the incidence between premolar and molar group was significant different (P<0.05). Conclusion: Proximal contact loss between single implant-supported crown and the adjacent teeth in posterior region is quite common. Communication with patients and reducing influencing factors before treatment are necessary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short Implant in Maxillary Sinus Elevation: A Mid-term Clinical Observation MENG Zhan, ZHANG Yue, WEI Hong-wu, GUO Shui-gen, CEN Wen, WANG Yi, HUANG Jiang-qin 2018, 34(7): 734-737.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.012 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (2537KB) ( 242 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedure and immediate short implants placement after 4-6 years. Methods: The study included 16 consecutive patients. A total of 26 short implants were inserted with the OSFE technique. The indication for sinus floor elevation was that the residual bone height was less than 3mm. Results: The survival rate was 96.2% in 5 years. The average mesial marginal bone change was (0.14±0.15) mm, and the average distal marginal bone change was (-0.03±0.17) mm. Soft tissue was all in good condition. The distal marginal bone change was different between splinted crown restoration and single crown restoration, free and non-free end implants. Conclusion: This study shows that the OSFE with immediate short implant placement could produce optimistic result in the treatment of patients with severely atrophy maxilla during 5-year following up. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study on Furcation Anatomy of Mandibular First Molars WANG Li-xia, SHEN Jing, HAN Lei, YUE Xin, GAO Jing 2018, 34(7): 738-741.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.013 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (1420KB) ( 152 )   Objective: To measure the furcation anatomy of mandibular first molar with cone beam computed tomography, and to provide theoretical data for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of furcation involvement. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 203 mandibular first molars were collected.The length of root trunk and the width of 2mm under the root furcation opening were recorded and analyzed. Results: The length of the root trunk was (3.06±0.71)mm larger than that of the buccal (2.48±0.74)mm. The width of 2mm under the root furcation opening in the buccal side (1.63±0.55) mm was larger than that in the lingual side (1.08±0.46) mm (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the length of root trunk and the width of 2mm under the root bifurcation opening in different gender. Conclusion: Compared with the buccal side, the width of 2mm under the root furcation opening in the lingual side of the mandibular first molar was narrower and the root trunk was longer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Cone Beam-CT Digital Simulation Technology in Impacted Tooth Extraction WU Liang-ying, LIU Jian, ZHANG Wei-ping, ZHANG Yun, SONG Tian-zhu, LU Gui-zhong 2018, 34(7): 742-745.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.014 Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (1252KB) ( 218 )   Objective: To retrospective analyze 3D visualization technology for cone beam CT (CBCT) for oral surgery of complex teeth or maxillary teeth. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2016,64 patients with complex teeth or maxillary teeth underwent oral surgery in our hospital were researched.There were 32 patients in research group and 32 patients in control group.Research group patients were underwent 3D visualization technology CBCT for oral surgery for complex teeth or maxillary teeth,and the control group patients were used traditional CBCT for oral surgery for complex teeth or maxillary teeth.The clinical effect was compared. Results: The operational time of the research group was less than that of the control group (P<0.05).Clinical outcomes of the research group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05).Perioperative complications of the research group were less than those of the control group.Patient’s satisfaction of research group was better than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Digital simulation of CBCT in oral and maxillofacial surgery of impacted teeth is valuable. It helps doctors observe the directions and angles. The patients can be diagnosed before operation. It helps doctors plan treatment and effective communicate with patients. It is worthy of popularization and application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Spiral CT Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and MRI in Fracture of Mandibular Condyle LEI Xin, DENG Shu-hai, GUAN Song-hua, HUANG Hui, CHEN Yu-ting, LIU Hong 2018, 34(7): 746-750.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.015 Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (1380KB) ( 157 )   Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the fracture of mandibular condyle. Methods: Sixty-nine cases of suspected condylar fracture that treated in our hospital were selected. All patients were detected by three dimensional spiral CT and MRI. The type, displacement, and soft tissue injury of the condylar fracture were observed. The intraoperative diagnosis was used as the gold standard of assessment. The diagnostic efficacy of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of condylar fracture type, displacement type, and soft tissue injury was compared. Results: CT detection showed that Ⅰ class fracture was 65.22%, Ⅱ class fracture was 21.74%, and Ⅲ class fracture was 13.04%. MRI test results showed that Ⅰ class fractures accounted for 71.01%, Ⅱ class fractures accounted for 17.39%, and Ⅲ type fractures accounted for 11.59%. CT detection showed the types of condylar fracture displacement type Ⅰ was 39.13%, type Ⅱ was 28.99%, and type Ⅲ was31.88%. MRI showed type Ⅰ was 36.23%, type Ⅱ was 26.09%, and type Ⅲ was 37.68%. There was no significant difference between the type of fracture and the type of displacement between CT and MRI. The detection rate of MRI in bone marrow edema was significantly higher than that of CT (P<0.05). Taken the operative diagnosis as the gold standard, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI in the detection of bone marrow edema were significantly higher than that of CT (P<0.05). Conclusion: The accuracy of CT and MRI in detecting the types of condylar fracture and fracture displacement types is similar. MRI can also effectively respond to intraarticular capsule injury in patients, and can be used to detect the soft tissue injury of the mandibular condylar fracture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic and CT Presentation of Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma CAO Ya, WANG Tie-mei, HAN Chao, SUN Guo-wen, YANG Gong-xin, WU Da-ming, LIN Zhi-tong, WANG Cong-yue 2018, 34(7): 751-755.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.016 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (1563KB) ( 249 )   Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical and CT imaging features of 10 cases of desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) treated in recent 3 years. Methods: From March 2014 to September 2017, 10 cases of DA who referred to three hospitals and have completed clinic and CT images were collected and analyzed. The clinical data included the patient's sex, age, location of lesion, surgical treatment, and postoperative follow-up. Imaging analysis included lesion size, morphology, bone expansion, tooth movement and root resorption, impacted tooth, and the CT values of the lesion that was performed SCT examination. Moreover, 10 cases were divided based on their CT images. Results: Ten cases of DA were all located in the anterior and premolar area of maxilla. CT images showed honeycomb type with slim or sharp division and buccal expansion. All cases were confirmed by pathology. Ten patients underwent partial jaw resection and no recurrence was found after follow-up. Conclusion: DA has characteristic honeycomb CT appearance and buccal expansion. Its CT appearance relates to its histopathological features. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Value of Children Rubber Dam during Root Canal Treatment in Primary Teeth LIU Qiong, QIAN Hong, REN Fei, FANG Jing-xian, LIU He-di, WU Xiao-ming 2018, 34(7): 756-758.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.017 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (800KB) ( 250 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of children rubber dam during root canal treatment in primary teeth. Methods: Forty cases in the rubber dam group and cotton roll+suction tube group were selected, respectively. The FrankI score, Houpt score, clinical operation time, and postoperative intention of two groups were recorded, respectively. Results: There was no difference in FrankI score between two groups. There were significant differences in the Houpt score, clinical operation time, and postoperative intention between two groups (P<0.05). The children who used the rubber dam had higher treatment compliance and shorter clinical operation time. More children were willing to use the rubber dam again. Conclusion: Rubber dam should be promoted because it can reduce the time of clinical operation and improve the treatment compliance of children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Strip Crowns in Restoration of Caries Decay in Mandibular Deciduous Incisor and Deciduous Canine XU Shu-sen, SUN Jing, ZHANG Ping, GUO Ge 2018, 34(7): 759-762.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.018 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (1780KB) ( 200 )   Objective: To explore and analyze the feasibility and curative effect of strip crowns in restoration of multi-surface caries decay in mandibular deciduous incisor and deciduous canine, and to compare the method of direct resin filling method. Methods: Fifty patients with 132 multi-surface caries of mandibular deciduous incisor and deciduous canine teeth were divided into strip crowns group (63 cases) and composite resin group (69 cases). Restorations were re-examined at 6-month and 12-month after therapy. Results: After 6 months, the difference in the repair success rate between strip crowns group and composite resin group was not statistical different. After 12 months, the repair success rate and complications in the strip crowns group were obviously better than those in the composite resin group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The strip crowns can be used to repair the multi-surface caries decay of mandibular deciduous incisor and deciduous canine, which is worthy of clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Dental Caries in Autistic Children Treated Under Restraint TAN Jun-yan, XU Wen-di, TENG Qi, LUAN Xiao-ling 2018, 34(7): 763-765.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.019 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (803KB) ( 214 )   Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of dental caries in autistic children treated under the restraint. Methods: Sixty-nine autistic children who were treated dental caries in Qingdao Stomatological Hospital were recruited in this study. The caries treatment was performed under the restraint, and the patients were reviewed after 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The number of teeth with filling defects, secondary caries, recurrent caries, and newly developed caries were counted. Results: A total of 303 caries were treated in this study. The defects of filling body, secondary caries, and recurrent caries mainly occurred after 6 months. The newly developed caries started to happen after 3 months and gradually increased with time. Conclusion: Under restraint, children with autism can achieve good curative effect on caries. At the same time, oral hygiene education should be strengthened for their parents to improve the treatment effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of A New Bioceramic as Pulp Capping Agent in Immature Permanent Tooth Pulpotomies DING Mei-li, QIN Man, ZHENG Jia-jia, ZHANG Hong-mei, LIN Bi-chen, CHEN Xiao-xian 2018, 34(7): 766-770.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.020 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (2271KB) ( 335 )   Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of the newly developed iRoot BP Plus applied in pulpotomy for immature permanent teeth. Methods: Forty-one teeth in 39 children (aged 7–12 years) with complicated crown fracture were randomly treated with either iRoot BP Plus (n=22) or calcium hydroxide (CH, n=19) as pulpotomy medicaments. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were conducted at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Results: The 12-month clinical and radiographic success rates of iRoot BP Plus were 100.0%. The 6-month clinical and radiographic success rates of CH group were 100.0%, the 12-month success rates were 94.1%. The rates did not differ significantly between two groups. All teeth of iRoot BP Plus group showed the formation of calcified bridge in 3 months. Conclusion: The success rates of iRoot BP Plus and calcium hydroxide are indistinguishable, indicating that pulpotomy can be carried out successfully in immature permanent teeth with the new ready-to-use bioceramic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intraoral Approach to Remove Proximal Submandibular Gland Duct Stone SONG Juan, DENG Mo-hong 2018, 34(7): 771-773.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.021 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (806KB) ( 247 )   Objective: To report the intraoral approach to remove proximal submandibular gland duct stone, and to investigate the treatment effects and complications. Methods: The patients diagnosed with proximal submandibular gland duct stone were removed the stone through intraoral approach. The patients were followed-up. Results: 81 of 83 patients with proximal submandibular gland duct stone were removed successfully. The complications included slight bleeding within 24-36 hours, which was stopped without special treatment. Numbness in the tip of tongue was happened in 34 patients. Tongue movement limitation was happened in all 83 patients in the first day after operation. A total of 65 patients were followed-up after 1 month. No patient complained dry mouth, tongue movement limitation, and numbness of the tongue. All the incisions healed well, and the salivary excretion from the operated submandibular gland was found in 43 patients. Conclusion: Intraoral approach is a safe and effective treatment for removing proximal submandibular gland duct stone with lower complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Aquaporin 5 and Programmed Cell Death 5 in Rat Parotid Gland after Ligation and Recanalization TANG Xue-min, SUN Chang-hua, ZHU Yu-hong, WANG Jing , YANG Yong, DING Chang-ling, ZUO Jin-hua 2018, 34(7): 774-779.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.022 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (3876KB) ( 137 )   Objective: To investigate the regenerating ability of parotid gland after different ligated time, and the effect of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) on the regeneration of parotid gland in rats. Methods: The parotid gland was ligated and then reopened after 7 days (group A),14 days (group B),and 21 days (group C),respectively.The samples were obtained at different time points (0,1,3,5,7,10,14,21, and 28 days). The morphological changes of glandular tissue were observed by HE staining, and the expression patterns of AQP5 and PDCD5 in acinor cells and glandular cells were explored. Results: Gland regeneration occurred in three groups after the reopen of main duct of parotid gland. The expression of AQP5 could increase to the normal level after reopen 14 days and 21 days for group A and group B, however, not recover to the normal level even after 28 days for group C. Expression of PDCD5 increased with the increase of apoptosis of the duct after the gland release. The three groups reached the highest level respectively after the recanalization of fifth days, the tenth day, and the fourteenth day, the peak value of group B was the highest, group C was the second, and the peak value of group A was the lowest. Conclusions: The longer the time ligation of the main duct of rat parotid gland, the worse the ability of regeneration. The expression of AQP5 is an important marker of functional recovers of the gland. Apoptosis of ductal like structure happened during the gland regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Vertical Changes of Skeletal Class Ⅲ with High and Low Angle in Growth and Development Period LIU Jing, XIAO Dan-na, ZHANG Lin-kun, GAO hui 2018, 34(7): 780-783.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.023 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (898KB) ( 255 )   Objective: To investigate the vertical changes of jaws of skeletal class Ⅲ patients with high and low angle in different growth stages. Methods: Skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion patients with high and low angles were selected and divided into pre-growth spurts, peak period, and post-growth spurts. There were 30 cases in the high-angle group and low-angle group at each stage. The lateral cephalograms were taken and analyzed. Results: In the high-angle group, the changes of PP-FH angle, MP-FH angle and Y-axis angle increased first and then decreased, the former showed a decreasing trend, and the latter two were in the opposite direction. SGo/NMe decreased first and then increased, the overall trend was decreasing. The above changes were statistically different in addition to the pre and the post peak comparison. In the low-angle group, PP-FH angle decreased first and then increased. The overall trend was decreasing. MP-FH angle and Y-axis angle gradually reduced, SGo/NMe gradually increased. The above changes were statistically significant. The occlusal plane decreased in both high and low angle groups, and the changes were statistically different. Conclusion: In the process of growth and development, the vertical changes of the jaw in class Ⅲ malocclusion patients with high angle and low angle facial skeletal types demonstrated significant differences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study of Four Bonding Materials in Bonding Attachment of Removable Thermoplastic Appliances HAN Lei, ZHAO Dan, JI Jun 2018, 34(7): 784-787.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.024 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (1386KB) ( 240 )   Objective: To evaluate the operation time and clinical bonding failure of four types of bonding materials (Filtek Z350 XT nano filling composite resin, Filtek Z350 XT nano flowable composite resin, Tetric N-flow composite resin, Tetric N-cerum filling composite resin) in bonding attachment of removable thermoplastic appliance. Methods: Sixty malocclusion patients using removable thermoplastic appliances were randomly divided into four groups. 3M Z350 nano filling composite resin and Z350 nano flowable composite resin were used in group A and B, respectively. Tetric N-flow composite resin and Tetric N-cerum filling composite resin were bonded in group C and D, respectively. The operation time of each group was recorded. Failure rates of adhesion were evaluated at the end of adhesion, and 1 month, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after adhesion. Results: The operation time of flow composite resin group was shorter than that of filling composite resin group (P<0.01). The adhesion failure rates were not significant different among four groups in the first 6 months. Significant difference was found between flow composite resin group and filling composite resin group after 9 and 12 months (P<0.01). However, no difference was found between optimized attachment and traditional attachment. Conclusion: The attachment stability of four types of materials could achieve satisfactory effect in the first 6 months. After 9 months, filling composite resin was more stable than nano flowable composite resin. However, the operation time of nano flowable composite resin was more efficient. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition Effects of Magnolol on Streptococcus Mutans and Demineralized Enamel caused by Carbonated Beverages KONG Jing-jing, LIANG Xiang-yang, LI Chun-nian, DAI Xin-peng, MA Xiang-tao 2018, 34(7): 788-792.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.025 Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (3260KB) ( 241 )   Objective: To observe the promoting effect of streptococcus mutans on demineralized enamel caused by carbonated beverages and the inhibition effect of magnolol on streptococcus mutans to reduce the demineralization of enamel blocks. Methods: Extracted premolars without roots for orthodontic purpose were selected. All the crowns were divided into mesial and distal enamel blocks that were prepared into 5 mm×5 mm×2 mm. These enamel blocks were soaked in sprite for 30 minutes×4 times, 2 hours at a time for 3 weeks to establish the demineralization model. The demineralized enamel blocks were placed in artificial saliva at 37℃ room temperature water bath to form the acquired pellicle. Then they were randomly divided into normal saline group (group A), streptococcus mutans suspension group (group B, OD of the bacterial suspension was 1), streptococcus mutans suspension + magnolol group (group C, the concentration of magnolol was 6.3mg/L). All enamel blocks were placed in anerobic box at 37℃ for 3 weeks. The microhardness value was tested by microhardness. The enamel surfaces were observed under scanning electron microscope. The fluorescence images were taken under the laser scanning confocal microscope. Results: After demineralization, the microhardness value of the three group were lower than that of before demineralization (P<0.05). The microhardness value of group A and group C was not different from that of before medication, however, higher than that of group B (P<0.05). Under scanning electron microscope, the enamel surfaces of group B were rough and the unequal size pore that formed by a great deal of fractured enamel rod, and a large number of bacteria attached. Enamel surfaces of group A showed some pores became shallow or disappeared. Enamel surfaces of group C pores significantly reduced, and a few bacteria attached. Under the laser scanning confocal microscope, the fluorescence area and intensity of group B were strong, the fluorescence area and intensity of group A and group C were lower than that of group B. Conclusion: Streptococcus mutans can accelerate demineralization of enamel caused by carbonated beverages. The magnolol can slow down the progress of caries by its inhibition effects on streptococcus mutans and reduction on demineralized enamel caused by carbonated beverages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility of Pure Magnesium Anodic Oxidation Film after Different Post-treatments LIU Ji-guang, LI Chong-qian, ZHANG Hui-ming, LI Mu-qin, SHEN Bai-fang, LIN Ye 2018, 34(7): 793-797.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.026 Abstract ( 215 )   PDF (1989KB) ( 142 )   Objective: To test the corrosion resistance and cell compatibility of pure magnesium anodic oxidation film after different treatments. Methods: The experiments were divided into pure magnesium anodic oxidation group (group A), pure magnesium anodic oxidation-silane treatment group (group B), pure magnesium anodic oxidation-silane-phytic acid treatment group (group C), pure magnesium anodic oxidation-silane-phytic acid coated copper treatment group (group D). Scanning electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and CCK-8 were used to study the morphology of the films, the cytoskeleton and spreading, and the cell adhesion and proliferation ability of different membranes. Results: The pores of the surface of pure magnesium anodized film were effectively reduced by silane, phytic acid and copper loading, among which, group D>group C>group B>group A. The results of the film surface spreading, adhesion, proliferation of four groups were group C>group D>group B>group A. Conclusion: Pure magnesium anodic oxidation-silane-phytic acid coated copper film has the best sealing ability and good cell activity, and the silane-phytic acid treatment group has the best biological activity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case Report of Pilomatrixoma in the Parotid Region MA Li-juan, YANG Lan, WANG Zhi-qiang, DONG Xian, HUANG Ying-bo 2018, 34(7): 798-800.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.07.027 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (1732KB) ( 269 )   Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor that is uncommonly happened in the skin. This case report made summarize about the pilomatrixoma, and gave advices in the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics