Journal of Oral Science Research

Analysis of Current Esthetic Factors in Oral Science.

CHEN Jiang, ZHANG Yu-qing.

2018, 34(10): 1033-1037. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.001

Abstract ( 502 )

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Due to the development of patients' requirement, the demands of dental prosthodontics have evolved from functional rehabilitation to esthetically functional rehabilitation. Although domestic dentists have gradually established the concept of dental esthetics, it is still difficult for them to perform dental esthetic therapy owing to the complexity of dentofacial elements, which includes the delicate anatomical structure of dentition and gingiva, the dynamic relationship of lip and oral cavity as well as the numerous craniofacial reference lines. This article aimed to classify the critical factor of dentofacial esthetics in order to promote clinical practice of dental esthetics.

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Role of All-trans Retinoic Acid in Osteogenic Differentiation.

SHEN Chen-xi, BI Wen-juan.

2018, 34(10): 1038-1041. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.002

Abstract ( 408 )

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All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can up-regulate osteoblast-related gene expression of many cells, such as bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts. Besides, it can promote mineralization of matrix. The use of this feature of ATRA can reduce bone resorption and promote bone formation in the clinic. However, high dose of ATRA inhibits osteogenic differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation, which is not conducive to the healing of bone defects. This study reviews the effects of ATRA on osteogenic differentiation of cells at home and abroad.

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Ceramics or Resin Composites? Research Progress on CAD/CAM Resin-matrix Ceramics.

CHEN Wen-xia, LIN Jie.

2018, 34(10): 1042-1044. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.003

Abstract ( 541 )

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In recent years, resin-matrix ceramics products have emerged as a new type of CAD/CAM crown material, which had good biocompatibility, mechanical processing performance, bonding performance, aesthetic characteristics, and physical properties close to natural tooth tissue. This paper reviews the progress of the research on the properties and clinical application of resin-matrix ceramics.

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Research Progress on Disinfection and Sterilization Methods for Dental Diamond Burs.

JIANG Xue, ZHU Song.

2018, 34(10): 1045-1047. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.004

Abstract ( 332 )

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Dental diamond burs come in all shapes and sizes. Because of their complex surfaces, their direct contact with patients' mouths, and the need to re-use, the selection of methods for their cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization has been a great concern in clinical practice. Commonly used methods include manual scrubbing, enzyme cleaning, ultrasonification, chemical liquid immersion, dry heat sterilization, and autoclaving. Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we review the suitable applications, the strengths and weaknesses, and the latest research progress for some of these methods.

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A Review of Shaping Ability of Curved Root Canals between ProTaper,WaveOne, and ProTaperNext.

LIU Yuan-yuan, LIU Sheng-bo.

2018, 34(10): 1048-1051. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.005

Abstract ( 313 )

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ProTaper is one of the widest used nickel-titanium instruments. However, because of stiffness and high broken rate, its application in clinical has been limited. Recently, Dentsply has pushed out two different NITIs, i.e. WaveOne and ProTaperNext, which aims to reduce the high broken rate. This review summarizes the design features, mechanical properties, and shaping ability of curved canals.

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Anti-caries Effect of A Bacteriophage Lysin.

XU Jing-jing, TAO Ting-liang, LI Yu-hong.

2018, 34(10): 1052-1056. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.006

Abstract ( 289 )

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Objective: To evaluate the bactericidal activity of a bacteriophage lysin ClyR on the clinical strains of streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus). Methods: Dental plaques of children with severe early childhood caries (SECC) were obtained and cultured for S. mutans and S. sobrinus isolation. Morphology observation, biochemistry identification, and a 16S rDNA sequencing analysis were used to identify all clinical isolates. The bactericidal activity of ClyR on S. mutans and S. sobrinus isolates were determined by turbidity decrease assay and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize the effects of ClyR on the bacterial cell wall. Results: 10 S. mutans and 10 S. sobrinus were randomly selected from the isolates to test the susceptibility to ClyR. 8 of 10 S. mutans isolates and 3 of 10 S. sobrinus isolates were susceptible to ClyR, with MBC ranging from 125 mg/L to >1000 mg/L and 125 mg/L to 500 mg/L, respectively. TEM showed that ClyR could degrade the bacteria cell wall, which resulted the osmotic death. Conclusion: ClyR exhibits strong lytic activity against both S. mutans and S. sobrinus isolates, but the S. mutans is better than S. sobrinus, which represents a preventative or therapeutic agents against dental caries.

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Effects of Four Kinds of Tea Models on Staining of Isolated Bovine Incisors

GUO Dong-mei, XIE Qi.

2018, 34(10): 1057-1061. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.007

Abstract ( 229 )

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Objective: To analyze and compare the staining effects of four tea models on isolated bovine incisors. Methods: Thirty-two fresh bovine mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups: A, B, C and D. Each group of cattle incisors was divided into two sub groups after cleaning and excision. They were divided into subgroup 1 and subgroup 2. The tea solution of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% was made with Pu'er cooked tea. A1, B1, C1, D1 components were soaked in different concentrations of tea solution in continuous immersion dyeing for 7 days, and A2, B2, C2 and D2 groups were immersed in fresh tea with different concentrations daily to soak and dye for 7 days. The △E^* value of bovine incisors was measured before and after dyeing, and the changes of △E^* values were observed again after brushing and artificial saliva fixation. Results: The dyeing effects of the tea solution in groups C and D were better than those in group A and B (P<0.05), and those of subunit 2 were better than those of subunit 1. After brushing experiments, the staining effects of C1 and D1 groups were better than those of the C2 and D2 groups (P<0.05). C1 and D1 specimens with good staining effect after brushing were soaked in artificial saliva for 1 to 5 days. Compared with that before soaking, the two groups were more stable when artificial saliva was soaked for 1 to 2 days. Conclusion: When tea-stained isolated bovine incisor model was established, a good staining effect could be obtained by continuously immersing in 2% or 4% tea solution for 7 days. The established dental staining model is recommended to be preserved in artificial saliva for 1-2 days to ensure its color stability.

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Clinic Features and CBCT Presentation of Cracked Teeth.

YUAN Mei, WANG Tie-mei, CAO Ya, SHEN Quan, LIN Zi-tong.

2018, 34(10): 1062-1066. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.008

Abstract ( 403 )

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Objective: To study the clinic features and summarize the radiographic manifestation on the CBCT images of non-traumatic cracked teeth. Methods: 105 patients with 105 cracked teeth were collected in this study. The sex, age and position were evaluated on the CBCT images. Results: Of the 105 patients, 50.48% was females and 49.52% was male. The incidence of cracked tooth increased with age before 50 years old, the highest incidence (34.29%) was between 41 and 50 years old. 5 cases was located in the premolar region, the others all located in molar region. The first molar had the highest incidence (59.05%). Of 105 cracked teeth, 16 (15.24%) teeth presented incomplete root fracture and 4 (3.81%) presented complete root fracture on CBCT images. The others had no obvious root abnormality. Conclusion: Cracked teeth are often located in the first molar region. Most of the cracked teeth involved crown but not root fracture on CBCT images.

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Comparison of Photon-initiated Photoacoustic Streaming with Two Kinds of Power Settings on Removal of Smear Layer.

LIU Min, PENG Bin.

2018, 34(10): 1067-1071. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.009

Abstract ( 425 )

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Objective: To compare the efficacy of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming on the removal of smear layer with two power settings. Methods: 52 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to ProTaper Universal F4 and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=13) according to the final irrigation techniques: 0.3 W PIPS, 0.9 W PIPS, ultrasonic, and needle irrigation. After the final irrigation, the teeth were split longitudinally into 2 parts and observed under a scanning electron microscope. Images were taken at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the teeth at a magnification of 1000× and were scored in the presence of the smear layer using the Hülsmann scoring system. Results: 0.3 W PIPS and 0.9 W PIPS were comparable on the removal of the smear layer (P>0.05). Both groups were better than the ultrasound group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05), while the difference between the PIPS and the needle irrigation was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: 0.3 W PIPS and 0.9 W PIPS are comparable on removal of the smear layer and are better than ulrasonic and needle irrigation.

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Investigation on Parents' Recognition and Acceptance of Children’s Dental General Anesthesia in Guangzhou.

XU Dong-xue, ZENG Su-juan, ZHUANG Wen, PENG Bo, YUAN Le-xin.

2018, 34(10): 1072-1075. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.010

Abstract ( 250 )

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Objective: To investigate the recognition and acceptance of dental general anesthesia (DGA) for children, and to analyze the related possible factors. Methods: Questionnaire survey was conducted in 619 randomized parents in Guangzhou. The results were analyzed with t-test, chi-square test, and spearmen analysis for parental recognition and acceptance of DGA. Results: Only 23.8% of the parents known about the DGA, which was associated with the parents' age and occupation (P<0.05). 19.3% of the parents resolutely refused to accept the DGA, 65.7% of the parents just settle for the DGA, and only 15.0% were accepted absolutely. In addition, the parents' acceptance of the DGA was significantly associated with their education, occupation, and economic conditions (P<0.05). Conclusion: DGA has not yet been widely recognized and accepted to the parents in Guangzhou. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize the safety and efficacy of the DGA and to improve the recognition of parents in order to optimize the clinical treatment.

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Systematic Review on the Hall Technique for Children with Carious Primary Molars.

LIU Yao, WANG Ling, YANG Wei-hong, HAN Lin-xiu, LIU Xing-rong.

2018, 34(10): 1076-1080. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.011

Abstract ( 308 )

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Objective: To assess the efficacy of the Hall technique on carious primary molars. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang Database (from the date of establishment of the databases to March 20, 2018) were searched for RCTs on the Hall technique for carious primary molars. References of the included studies were also checked. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3, and the evidences were graded by GRADEpro3.6. Results: Six studies involving the Hall technique and the other 4 methods were included. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference of efficacy between the Hall technique and traditional crown technique or the improved Hall technique (P>0.05). The results showed the efficacy of the Hall technique was better than conventional restorations and nonrestorative caries treatment (P<0.05). The qualities of evidence for outcomes of the four groups were rated as moderate or low. Conclusion: The Hall technique with no local anesthesia, no caries removal, and no teeth preparation has excellent curative effects, and it has some advantages in clinical application. But more high-quality RCTs are needed.

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Investigation and Analysis of Periodontal Health in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

LI Xiao-li, CUI Zhuan, DING Fang.

2018, 34(10): 1081-1084. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.012

Abstract ( 252 )

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Objective: To investigate the periodontal health status of maintenance hemodialysis patients, to provide effective treatment, and to prevent basis to periodontal disease in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 1143 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at the Dialysis Center of the Third Hospital of Peking University from June 2017 to February 2018 were selected as study subjects. The periodontal health status was examined and divided into mild periodontal disease group (Group A, 368 cases) and moderate and severe periodontal disease group (Group B, 567 cases) according to the severity of periodontal disease. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the risk factors for periodontal disease in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Results: Of the 1143 maintenance hemodialysis patients in this study, 208 (18.20%) had good periodontal health, 368 (32.20%) had mild periodontal disease, 392 (34.30%) had moderate periodontal disease, and 175 (15.30%) patients with severe periodontal disease. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of body weight, smoking, regular oral care, daily brushing, length of brushing, diabetes mellitus, dialysis time, dialysis frequency, and albumin levels (P<0.05). Further multivariate analysis showed that the duration of dialysis, frequency of dialysis, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for increased periodontal disease in maintenance hemodialysis patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Maintenance hemodialysis patients have varying degrees of periodontal disease. For patients with longer dialysis time, frequent dialysis and patients with diabetes should pay close attention to maintenance hemodialysis patients. The doctor should provide reasonable guidance for the periodontal hygiene of patients and avoid increasing periodontal disease conditions.

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Effectiveness of Diode Laser as An Adjunct to Nonsurgical Treat Severe Chronic Periodontitis.

TAO Yu-fei, GUO Feng-qin.

2018, 34(10): 1085-1088. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.013

Abstract ( 252 )

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treat severe chronic periodontitis. Methods: Twenty patients with severe chronic periodontitis were assessed by probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding index (BI), and tooth mobility (MOB) at baseline. Dentition was divided into two sides. Teeth on the right side were set as the control group, which were accepted nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Teeth on the left side were set as the test group, which were accepted nonsurgical periodontal treatment at first, and whose periodontal pockets with severe chronic periodontitis were disinfected by diode laser later. The same periodontal examination was conducted at 8 weeks after the treatment. Results: The results showed that PD, CAL, and BI had a significant reduction in both groups at 8 weeks after the treatment (P＜0.05). PD and CAL showed a greater reduction in the test group than those in the control group (P＜0.05), while no significant difference was observed for MOB after the treatment (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Diode laser has additional benefits as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treat severe chronic periodontitis for obtaining more attachment level. Diode laser might be an valuable supplement for the current nonsurgical periodontal treatment.

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Effect of Tea Polyphenols on ICAM-1 Expression in LPS-mediated Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cells.

FAN Qin, GUAN Xiao-yan, LI Xiao-na, LIU Jian-guo.

2018, 34(10): 1089-1092. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.014

Abstract ( 267 )

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Objective: To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on ICAM-1 expression in LPS-treated human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (HPDLFs). Methods: HPDLFs were obtained from periodontal tissues by modified-cultured method. After induced by LPS, the control group was only treated with LPS, the experiment groups were treated with 100 μg/mL TP (TP100 group) or 200 μg/mL TP (TP200 group). The levels of ICAM-1 secretion in three groups were tested by ELISA. And the mRNA expression of ICAM-1 was detected by real-time PCR. Results: ICAM-1 was inhibited by TP after induced by LPS, and its activity was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The ICAM-1 mRNA levels of TP treated groups were significantly lower than that of LPS group (P<0.05). Conclusion: TP inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and the effect was more significantly at 100 μg/mL. This result suggested that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TP might relate to the inhibition of ICAM-1.

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Designing of Zygomatic Implant Surgery Navigation with Visualization Technology based on CBCT Data.

LIU Shu, TONG Xin, WANG Tie-mei, LIU Hui-fen, LIN Zi-tong.

2018, 34(10): 1093-1097. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.015

Abstract ( 254 )

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Objective: To design the zygomatic implant for patients with severely atrophied alveolar ridge by Simplant using CBCT data, and to implement it in surgery. Methods: Implants were designed for 5 patients with severely atrophied alveolar ridge by Simplant. During the operation, the navigation software will match the pathway to the designed plan. Results: Implant positions deviated from planed slightly. The deviation of the angle of implant to the Fankfort plane (A) is less than 1°, the deviations of the length of implant in Zygoma (LZ) to the distance from the implant to orbit wall length (D) and to the length of implant in alveolar bone (LA) were less than 2mm. After 12 months, no implant failure occurred. Conclusion: Designing the surgical pathway of zygomatic implant through Simplant software and effectuating the surgery through surgical navigation system can make the planting plan more precise, and greatly enhance the safety and accuracy of complex zygomatic implant surgery.

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Clinical Retrospective Study of Immediate Implantation of Locking Taper Implants in Posterior Teeth with Periodontitis.

CEN Wen, WANG Yi, GUO Shui-gen, MENG Zhan, ZHANG Yue, HUANG Jiang-qin, WEI Hong-wu.

2018, 34(10): 1098-1101. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.016

Abstract ( 212 )

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Objective: To Compare the short-term clinical outcomes of immediate implantation versus delayed implantation of posterior teeth with chronic moderate or severe periodontitis using the locking taper implants. Methods: Twenty-six patients with chronic moderate or severe periodontitis were collected during January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 52 implants were implanted, in which 28 were immediate implantation (Group A) and 24 were delayed implantation (Group B). The crown restorations were finished after 3 to 6 months. Survival rate, bone resorption, and patients’ satisfaction were recorded during (14.4±2.3) months following up. Results: One implant was failed due to the infection in Group A, and the rest implants were all in good condition. The survival rates were 96.4% and 100%, respectively. The mesial bone loss were (0.027±0.340) mm and (0.024±0.292) mm, and the distal bone loss were (0.011±0.252)mm and (-0.002±0.360) mm, respectively after one year’s implantation. There was no significant difference in the following aspects: mesial and distal bone loss (P>0.05), patients’ satisfaction (P>0.05), and survival rates (P=1) between Group A and Group B. Conclusion: After comprehensive periodontal treatment, the clinical outcome of immediate implantation appears to similar to delayed implantation using the locking taper implants in the posterior teeth with well-controlled moderate or severe chronic periodontitis in short term.

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Application of Attachment Gingiva Reconstruction in Oral Implant Restoration.

LIU Yan-li.

2018, 34(10): 1102-1104. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.017

Abstract ( 259 )

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Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of attachment gingiva reconstruction in oral implant restorations. Methods: From March 2011 to March 2015 in our hospital, 70 cases of patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The patients (35 cases) in the control group received conventional gingiva suture, and the patients in the observation group received attachment gingiva reconstruction. The improvement of the width of attachment gingiva after treatment was compared. Results: After treatment, the patients in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05) in the recovery of attachment gingiva width, the incidence of inflammation, and the bleeding index. Conclusion: The reconstruction of the attachment gingiva achieved good clinical effect in oral implant restorations, which is beneficial to the recovery of attachment gingiva width, and it is worthy to be popularized and applied clinically.

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Effect of Low-energy Laser on Recurrence after Tooth Movement in Rats.

KANG Yong-ge, ZHANG Xi-zhong, PENG Peng, DONG Xiao-xi, CAO Yang, RAN Yu-ting, FENG Chong, MIAO Qian.

2018, 34(10): 1104-1107. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.018

Abstract ( 199 )

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Objective: To establish a recurrence curve after tooth movement in rats with low-energy laser and other interventions, and to explore the role of low-energy laser in orthodontic preservation. Methods: Sixty wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. After the first molar proximal-to-medium movement model was established by the active treatment, the four groups were individually subjected with: no treatment (group B), low-energy laser irradiation (group L), fixed retention (group R), and fixed retention with low-energy laser irradiation (group RL). 3-shape three-dimensional scans were performed every other day to establish a recurrence curve. Overlap and describe analysis of the four groups of curves were performed. Results: The recurrence rate of molar movement in group L was significantly higher than that in group B. The recurrence rate in RL group was significantly lower than that in group R (P<0.01). Compared with group R, the recurrence period was significantly shorter in group RL. Conclusion: After the active correction of the rat's molar, applying the holding device to fix the position of the tooth and applying low energy laser irradiation can shorten the retention period and reduce the recurrence.

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Risk Factors of Alveolar Bone Defects in Maxillary Lateral Incisors and Canines with CBCT.

HU Li-hua, SHEN Dan-yang, ZUO Si-hui, KANG Qi-chao, CHA Chang, YAN Xiu-lin.

2018, 34(10): 1108-1111. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.019

Abstract ( 266 )

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Objective: To investigate the risk factors with dehiscences and fenestrations of upper lateral incisors and canines using CBCT. Methods: CBCT images of untreated patients in China Medical University Hospital of Stomatology from 2014 to 2016 were selected. Forty-four upper lateral incisors and 43 upper canines with dehiscences or fenestrations were selected as test group, and 43 upper lateral incisors and 41 upper canines without alveolar defects were selected as control group. Results: There were significant differences on the tooth axis, the angle between tooth axis and alveolar bone axis, curvature angle of alveolar bone, alveolar bone width, differences between the root diameter and alveolar bone width, tooth position in the alveolar bone (P<0.05). There was no difference on the length of root and the distance from the root apical to the deepest point on the buccal bone (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Tooth lingual inclination, larger angle between tooth axis and alveolar bone axis, thin alveolar, more curved alveolar buccal bone, and tooth position deviated from the alveolar bone (lateral or lingual) are risk factors of dehiscences and fenestrations in maxillary lateral incisors and canines.

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Study on Labial Alveolar Bone Thickness of Adult Patients with Angle Class Ⅱ Malocclusion in Upper Incisors with Cone-beam CT.

WANG Jian-xin, LIU Min, ZHAO Lei, GUAN Mo, WAN Fen, WU Tao, PAN Xiao-jing.

2018, 34(10): 1112-1116. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.020

Abstract ( 259 )

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Objective: To measure the alveolar bone thickness at different sites of upper incisor in adult patients of Angle Ⅱ with CBCT. Methods: According to inclusion criteria, 150 adult patients were included: 50 cases in Angle Ⅱ¹ group, 50 cases in Angle Ⅱ² group, and 50 cases in normal occlusion group. The acquired CBCT image data were imported into the Invivo5.0 image processing software for 3D reconstruction. The thickness of alveolar bone on the maxillary labial side on the sagittal plane of the tooth body was measured, and the percentage of labial alveolar bone thickness to the total alveolar bone thickness was calculated. Results: 1) The turn of thickness in labial alveolar bone at different sites was: individual normal occlusion group, AngleⅡ¹ group, and Angle Ⅱ² group. However, in the root tip, the turn was: Angle Ⅱ¹ group, individual normal occlusion group, and Angle Ⅱ². 2) The turn of thickness of labial alveolar bone was: apical region, middle of the root, and the neck of the root (P<0.05). Conclusion: The labial alveolar bone thickness in upper incisors was related to the type of malocclusion. Except apical area, the thickness of labial alveolar bone of central incisor was less than 2 mm. The percentage of labial alveolar bone thickness to total alveolar bone thickness was less than 20%.

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Comparative Study of Two Dimensional Measurements of Upper Airway by Two Dimensional Plain Film Transformed by CBCT and Lateral Head of Skull.

MENG Yi-tong, ZHANG Xiao-dong.

2018, 34(10): 1117-1121. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.021

Abstract ( 304 )

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Objective: To study the differences of the same upper airway photographed by two-dimensional CBCT (CCB) and two-dimensional cranial lateral slice (LCR), and to analyze the reliability of two measurement methods. Methods: The CBCT of individual normal occlusion was transformed into two-dimensional radiographs. The two-dimensional CBCT and lateral cephalometric radiographs were respectively imported into Winceph8.0 to measure the airway distance. The intra-class correlation coefficient and the paired t test of variance were calculated in order by SPSS24.0 statistical software to test the reliability and the statistical significance of different measuring methods. Results: The results of pair t test found that there were statistical differences among PNS-Ba, PNS-Ad1, H-C3, and H-FH between two measurements. ICC values were all greater than 0.75, indicating the reliability of both measuring methods was relatively high. However, the average of ICC when transforming CBCT into a two-dimensional radiograph was 0.930, while that of lateral cephalometric radiographs was 0.830, indicating that the reliability of transforming CBCT data into two-dimensional radiographs was higher. Conclusion: The reliability of both measurement methods was high. However, the repeatability of transforming CBCT data into two-dimensional flat plate is higher than that of head lateral radiographs.

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Effects of Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Culture on Biological Characteristics of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma TCA8113 Cell Lines.

ZHOU Yan-meng, LANG Chun-mei, SHEN Hang, HU Fang-yuan, HU Ming, DENG Wen-bo.

2018, 34(10): 1122-1126. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.022

Abstract ( 226 )

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Objective: To compare the effect of 2D and 3D culture on the cell proliferation, organization form, and activity of lactate dehydrogenase of TCA8113 tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line, and to provide methods for the culture of tongue squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. Methods: The morphology of TCA8113 cells was observed by inverted microscope and HE staining. MTT method was used to observe the proliferation of cells in two types of culture. ELISA was used to detect the changes in LDH activity. Results: Compared with the 2D culture system, the cells in the 3D culture system maintained a good proliferation status in the long period, and the activity of LDH was significantly higher than that of 2D culture. Conclusion: Alginate gel 3D culture system was better than 2D culture system for to reflect the biological characteristics of TCA8113 cells.

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The Value of CT Texture Analysis in Differentiating Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma from Adenolymphoma.

ZHAO Hou-liang, WANG Wen-tao, WANG Wei, XU Kai.

2018, 34(10): 1127-1131. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.023

Abstract ( 273 )

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Objective: To evaluate the value of CT texture analysis to differentiate parotid pleomorphic adenoma from adenolymphoma on enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: 32 patients with parotid pleomorphic adenoma and 28 patients with adenolymphoma were retrospective analysed. All of these cases were proved by operative pathology and underwent CT enhancement examination. Texture analysis of CT enhancement on arterial phase was performed to obtain mean, StDev, entropy, skewness, kurtosis and inhomogenity parameters. Results: In the texture snalysis, significant difference in the mean and heterogeneity between parotid pleomorphic adenoma and adenolymphoma was found. In addition, when using multiple parameters to distinguish parotid pleomorphic adenoma from adenolymphoma, the statistical difference was more significant. Conclusion: It is of significant value to combine mean and inhomogenity of texture analysis in differentiating diagnosis between parotid pleomorphic adenoma and adenolymphoma.

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Efficacy of Cold Alveolar Gum for Postoperative Reaction after Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery.

WANG Zi-jia, HUANG Xie-shan, HAN Jing-xin, ZHOU Wu, LONG Jing, ZHOU Ting, CHEN Si-yan, DENG Ming-zhu.

2018, 34(10): 1132-1135. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.024

Abstract ( 285 )

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of cold alveolar gum in the postoperative response of impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly allocated to two groups: cold alveolar gum and ice bag. The patients were measured using a plastic flexible ruler and an opening degree measure placed from the tragus to the lateral angle of eye, the tragus to the angle of mouth, the ear root to the pogonion and the mouth-opening preoperatively and postoperatively, while the postoperative pain was evaluated by visual analog scale(VAS) at the 48 hours after surgery. The clinical effects of cold alveolar gum and ice bag were compared. Results: The significant differences were found in the postoperative pain and the facial swelling between two groups (P<0.05). However, no differences were found in the mouth opening. Conclusion: This study illustrates the efficacy of cold alveolar gum that actually ameliorated the postoperative reaction in the extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar and was superior to the ice bag.

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Application of Tooth-supported Digital Guide in Genioplasty and Accuracy Analysis.

WANG Li-dong, MA Wen, FU Shuai, ZHANG Chang-bin, CUI Qing-yin, LIANG Yan, LI Ming.

2018, 34(10): 1136-1140. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.025

Abstract ( 305 )

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Objective: To investigate the application value of tooth-supported digital guide plate in genioplasty. Methods: Seven patients with chin deformities at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University were selected from March 2017 to March 2018. Three-dimensional imaging measurements were made by establishing a digital model to accurately determine the degree of malformation of the chin in the three-dimensional space. The doctors were given simulated design before surgery, virtual osteotomy, and design and 3D printed tooth supported osteotomy guide plate for surgery. Three months after surgery, CBCT was taken and the surgical design was matched to evaluate the accuracy of the guide plate. Results: The patients were all primary healed and satisfied with the effect after the operation. The matched data showed that the average error between postoperative CBCT and preoperative virtual surgery was 0.7335mm. Conclusion: The use of digital technology for 3D reconstruction and surgical simulation, and 3D printed tooth supported guide could improve operation accuracy and the variety of chin deformities were effectively improved, thus it has practical application value.

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Surgical Treatment of 9 Cases of Hypertrophic Capillary Malformation.

WU Li-fen, ZHAO Yi-fang, ZOU Hai-xiao.

2018, 34(10): 1141-1144. DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.10.026

Abstract ( 259 )

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Objective: To investigate the surgical treatment of hypertrophic capillary malformation in the head and neck region. Methods: Nine patients with the length of the hypertrophic capillary malformation bigger than 7cm were included in this study. Patients' demographic and clinical data were analyzed. Results: Of the 9 patients, 5 patients were female, and 5 were older than 40. The lesion mainly involved the middle and inferior part of the head and neck region. Lower lip was involved in 5 cases, 2 were along with squamous cell carcinoma. Partial resection was performed in 6 cases and the defection was reconstructed with local flap. Total resection was performed in 3 cases and the defection was reconstructed with skin grafting, free flap, and pedicle flap. The patient's facial appearance and masticatory function was improved significantly. Conclusion: After patients with proliferative capillary malformations underwent surgical treatment, their facial morphology, function, and life satisfaction were improved significantly.

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