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28 September 2018, Volume 34 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research Progress of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Dentin and Dental Pulp Regeneration. NIU Yu-mei, HE Li-na. 2018, 34(9): 923-927.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.001 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (869KB) ( 339 )   In recent years, dental pulp stem cells are extensively studied as seeding cells at home and abroad. Through tissue engineering technique, exploring from the scaffold materials, growth factors, and microenvironment, the scholars tried to find a better way to apply dental pulp stem cells in the regeneration of dentin and dental pulp. The article will review the progress of dental pulp stem cells in dentin and dental pulp regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome. WU Yue-lin, ZHAO Lei, WU Ya-fei. 2018, 34(9): 928-931.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.002 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (1083KB) ( 346 )   The Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS, OMIM 245000) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and rapid progressive periodontal devastation. Most researchers consider that PLS was caused by the mutations on the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene. Some studies indicate that immune factors, microbial factor, and other genetic factor participate in the process as well. However, the exact cause is still unknown. Most of the articles are case reports, and there are not enough researches on etiology and pathogenesis. This paper reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment modalities of the disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Tea Polyphenols in Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis. XU Wei, SONG Qi. 2018, 34(9): 932-935.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.003 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (815KB) ( 403 )   Tea polyphenols are the natural compounds purified from tea. Their effects on disease prevention and health promoting have attracted increasing attention. This paper reviews the effects of tea polyphenols on antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bone resorption, and bioavailability of periodontitis, so as to provide a reference for basic study and clinical application of tea polyphenols on the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Effect of Different Lengthening Areas on the Temporomandibular Joint. PI Na,HOU Min. 2018, 34(9): 936-938.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.004 Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (790KB) ( 468 )   With the expansion on the indications of distraction osteogenesis (DO), DO is thought to be the effective treatment of congenital or acquired maxillofacial defect. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the tractive bone segments are an entirety. During the course of jaw DO, the continuous traction will load on the TMJ, which causes different changes of TMJ. However, the magnitude and direction of the pressures on the condyle are changed with difference parts of mindible. This article will review the effect of different lengthening areas on the TMJ. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties of Polyetherketoneketone and Its Application in Stomatology. QI Man-lin, ZHOU Yan-min. 2018, 34(9): 939-942.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.005 Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (812KB) ( 432 )   Polyetherketoneketone is a kind of high performance thermoplastic special engineering material with excellent properties which has received considerable attention. Polyetherketoneketone can be applied to dental restoration, implant, bone defect restoration and other aspects in Stomatology. In this review, the synthesis methods, properties and modification of polyetherketoneketone are summarized, and the application of polyetherketoneketone in Stomatology is reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of mRNA Expression of Exosomes Derived from Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. HU Hui-zhen, WANG Shi-qin, SUN Gui-jun, JIN Jia-jia, LI Zhi-yong, HE Xiang-yi 2018, 34(9): 943-947.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.006 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1687KB) ( 331 )   Objective: To compare the mRNA expression between the exosomes derived from oral squamous cell cancer cells (OSCC) and human immortalized oral epithelial cell (HOEC), and to explore the evolutionary mechanism of OSCC by the approach of bioinformatic analysis. Methods: High throughput sequencing technology was used to explore mRNA expression profile in the exosomes of OSCC and HOEC. The differently expressed genes were selected and analyzed by Gene Ontoloty (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Results: Among 44699 genes detected in the exosomes of OSCC and HOEC,471 differently expressed mRNAs were found (234 mRNAs were up-regulated and 237 mRNAs were down-regulated). Bioinformatics analysis showed that differently expressed mRNAs played an important role in the biological regulation and pathway of OSCC. Conclusion: Abundant exosomes can be secreted by OSCC and HOEC. The mRNA expression profiles of exosome from OSCC are quite different from those of HOEC, which play an important role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumor. Exploring mRNA expression profiles of the exosomes derived from two different cells can provide new ideas and methods for understanding the evolutional mechanism of oral squamous cell cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic Effect of Aloe-emodin Nanometer Liposome-mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tca-8113 Cells. SHAO Ming-jing,WANG He, DONG Li, ZHANG Hong-chao, LIU Xu, MENG Pei-song. 2018, 34(9): 948-951.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.007 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1169KB) ( 288 )   Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of aloe-emodin nano-liposome-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca-8113 cells. Methods: Aloe-emodin nanosized liposomes (AE-L) were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method. Aloe-emodin absorption spectra were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The effects of different concentrations of AE-L (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 μg/mL) Tca-8113 cells were treated with different light time (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 s; excitation wavelength at 405 nm; power density at 80 mW/cm2). Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. After AE-L (7.5 μg/mL) treated for 4 h, the irradiation time was 80 s, the ROS content was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Results: When the concentration of AE-L was less than 7.5 μg/mL, there was not difference between PDT group and control group (P>0.05). With the increase of irradiation time, the cell survival rate decreased gradually.When the illumination time was 80 s, the cell survival rate was 76.6%, which is significant different from that of the control group (P<0.001). The results of fluorescent staining showed that the amount of ROS in the cells increased significantly after PDT treatment. Conclusion: The 7.5 μg/mL AE-L-mediated PDT has a significant killing effect on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca-8113 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extra Domain A Positive Fibronectin Promotes Osteoclast Formation and Bone Destruction of Radicular Cysts. CHEN Ya-wen,WANG Hai-Cheng, DONG Wei-jie. 2018, 34(9): 952-955.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.008 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (2182KB) ( 145 )   Objective: To detect the expression of the isoforms of fibronectin (FN) variable splicing subtype protein in radicular cysts, and to study the ability of each subtype in inducing osteoclasts in vitro, and to analyze the association of these isoforms with osteoclastogenesis. Methods: Specimens from 8 patients with radicular cysts were selected. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of each isoforms in the fibrous capsule. Fibroblasts were isolated from surgical samples, the mRNA levels of each isoform and total FN were detected by RT-PCR, and the conditioned medium was collected to induce the osteoclasts in vitro. The association between FN isoforms and osteoclastogenesis was analyzed. Results: In the fibrous capsule of radicular cysts, FN containing the extra domain A (EDA+FN) was stained more intense than EDB+FN and CS1-FN. Consistently, the mRNA level of EDA+FN was also significantly higher than that of EDB+FN (P=0.007) and CS1-FN (P=0.003) in the fibroblasts. The ratio of EDA+FN/total FN was also the highest among three isoforms (EDB+FN/total FN,P<0.001 and CS1-FN/total FN, P<0.001). Only EDA+FN/total FN was positively associated with the Trap+MNC numbers induced by the conditioned medium (n=8, R=0.776, P=0.024). Conclusion: The fibroblasts in the fibrous capsule of radicular cysts generate various FN isoforms, in which EDA+FN consisted of the majority and positively associated the oste- oclastogenesis induced by fibroblasts. It is suggested that the fibroblasts within the stroma made the microenvironment favourable to the bone destruction of radicular cysts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Extraction Models for Anterior Deep Overjet Patients with Congenital Hypodontia of A Mandibular Central Incisor. ZHANG Xi, WANG Xiang, WANG Lin, GU Yan, WU Ke, ZHAO Chun-Yang. 2018, 34(9): 956-959.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.009 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (784KB) ( 170 )   Objective: To investigate the orthodontic treatment outcome of anterior deep overjet patients with congenital hypodontia of a mandibular central incisor using PAR index. Methods: This retrospective study included thirty-six deep overjet patients with congenital hypodontia of a mandibular central incisor. Eighteen patients who extracted maxillary first premolars were in group A. Other eighteen patients who extracted maxillary first premolars and a mandibular premolar were in group B. Group A and B were measured and analyzed according to the PAR indexs and cephalometrics before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: The difference in the weighted PAR scores and each of the PAR scores were statistically significant (P<0.01). There were significant changes in posterior occlusal relationship (P<0.05) and midline (P<0.01) in group B. Conclusion: Extraction of two maxillary premolars and one mandibular premolar could achieve more satisfactory occlusal relationship to anterior deep overjet patients with congenital hypodontia of a mandibular central incisor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Micro-osteoperforation-accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats. ZHAO Yun-he, LI Jiao, LEI Lang, LI Hou-xuan. 2018, 34(9): 960-963.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.010 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (2308KB) ( 328 )   Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of alveolar bone micro-osteoperforation (MOP) technique on periodontal tissue remodeling during tooth movement. Methods: Sixteen female, eight-week-old SPF Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study. MOP was performed on one side but not on the other control side. Upper 1st molar was protracted by 30 g orthodontic force with incisors being anchorage teeth. After 7 days, animals were sacrificed and the micro-CT scanning was performed to measure the tooth movement distance and bone density as well as bone volume fraction around the maxillary first molar. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were utilized to analyze the alveolar bone remodeling in the periodontal tissue. Results: Orthodontic tooth movement was accelerated after performing MOP (420.82±175.58) μm mesial movement in the MOP + orthodontic force group and (224.87±85.64) μm in orthodontic force alone group. In addition, a more decreased bone mineral density and bone volume/total volume was observed in the MOP + orthodontic force group. Narrow periodontal membrane was observed on the pressure side while wide periodontal membrane was found on the tension side. Moreover, increased IL-6 level was observed in the periodontal tissues of MOP + orthodontic force group. Conclusion: MOP enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokine in periodontal tissues and promotes the orthodontic tooth movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multiple Adjacent Dental Implant Placement in Anterior Aesthetic Region and Assessment using Cone Beam Computed Tomography DIAO Yan-fei, CAO Yang, LI Ming, LUO Jin-Biao, YANG Fang, LU Su-lai, LIU Meng-yuan, HAN Hong-yu, GUO Da-wei. 2018, 34(9): 964-968.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.011 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (4087KB) ( 144 )   Objective: To measure and analyze the multiple adjacent dental implants placed in anterior aesthetic region with CBCT. Methods: Fifty cases were selected according to the following inclusion criteria in patients who visited the Stomatology Center of Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University. The CBCT software was applied to measure and analyze the implantation site. The relevant data were extracted and analyzed by SPSS24.0. The measured distance is the vertical distance between the midpoint of the adjacent tooth’s cemento-enamel junction and the center of the ideal implant. Results: When two middle incisors were missed, the upper left incisor was (4.24±0.90) mm and the upper right incisor was (4.10±0.86) mm. When two anterior teeth, including lateral incisors, were missed, the upper left canine was (5.72±0.72) mm, the upper left incisor was (5.10±0.73) mm, the upper right incisor was (5.50±0.77) mm, and the upper right canine was (4.91±0.97) mm. Conclusion: The data can provide a theoretical basis for the implant site of immediate plantation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Outcomes of Horizontal Alveolar Ridge Augmentation by Harvesting Half-columnar Block Bone from Ramus versus Rectangular Bone from Chin for Dental Implants in Aesthetic Zone-A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. ZHAO Xue-zhu, TANG Zhi-hui, ZOU Li-dong, XU Wei-hua. 2018, 34(9): 969-973.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.012 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (2852KB) ( 296 )   Objective: To compare clinical outcomes of ridge augmentation with half columnar block bone from ramus versus rectangular bone graft from chin. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received half-columnar autogenous bone graft from ramus, and Group 2 received rectangular bone graft from chin. Changes of ridge width and height in recipient area were measured. Results: Forty-seven patients (61 implants) were included. Immediately after bone grafting, ridge thickness increased (3.9±1.6) mm in Group I, and (3.3±1.8) mm in Group II with no significant difference. Four months later, the horizontal bone resorption at alveolar crest had no significant difference between Group 1 (0.59±0.69) mm and Group 2 (1.13±1.6) mm, while at the level of 4 mm below crest, the horizontal resorption in Group 1 (0.03±0.96) mm was significantly lower than Group 2 (0.87±1.16) mm. 1 year after loading, Group 1 exhibited significantly less marginal bone loss (0.13±0.65) mm than Group 2 (0.74±1.09) mm. Conclusion: Half-columnar group demonstrate a better bone graft stability than rectangular group at both 4 months after bone augmentation and 1year after loading. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study of Bone Remodelling after Maizhuni was Used to Treat Peri-implantitis in Dogs. WU Pei-pei, Guzelinuer·Abudukelimu, ZHU Ya-ling, YANG Zheng-yao, Nijiati·Tuerxun. 2018, 34(9): 974-978.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.013 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1542KB) ( 147 )   Objective: To study the influence of maizhuni on implant-osseointegration interface remodeling of dog peri-implantitis. Methods: Peri-implantitis model of beagle dogs was successful established. Nine beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups, which were given the same dose of Maizhuni, normal saline, and Amoxcillin capsules and M-etronidazole tablets. After a month,the implant-osseointegration interface remodeling was observed by monitoring the change of PD, PISF, bone defect(DW、DD and BL), and histology slices. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the index of PD, PISF, DW, DD, and BL content among three groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the antibiotic and Maizhuni group in the index of PD, PISF, DW, DD, and BL. The histology slices of Maizhuni group showed that there had a certain amount of osteoblasts around the implant, and newly osteoblasts and bone trabecular were observed in the bone marrow area. Conclusion: Maizhuni can effectively improve the tissue inflammation status when treating peri-implantitis. However, the effect of bone defect repair is not ideal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Simplified Ethanol Wet Bonding and Different Strategies of Root Canal Irrigation on Bonding Strength of Fiber Post. DI Gui-jing, MO Hong-bing. 2018, 34(9): 979-982.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.014 Abstract ( 236 )   PDF (1218KB) ( 195 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of simplified ethanol wet bonding and different treatments on the surface of post space wall, so as to provide reference for the application of fiber post bonding. Methods: Fifty-two single root canal teeth were collected. The crowns of teeth were sectioned 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction. After the root canal treatment, post space was prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to different solvent treatment. Group A: distilled water irrigation (control group); group B: irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution; group C: irrigation with 17% EDTA solution; group D: irrigation with 5% NaClO followed by 17% EDTA solution. Each group was randomly assigned into two subgroups according to different substrate conditions (water-wet or simplified ethanol-wet). Each specimen was sectioned into thick slises. The push-out test was performed. The dentin surface and bonding interface were examined under SEM. The fracture mode were analyzed. Results: Compared with control group, the smear layer was removed to varying degrees in the other three groups. The result of bond strength was: C>B>D>A and ethanol-wet>water-wet (P<0.05). Conclusion: Irrigation with 5% NaClO followed by 17%EDTA solution can eliminate the smear layer effectively. The application of simplified ethanol wet bonding technology can get higher bonding strength of fiber post in this experiment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Retrospective Study of Clinical Effect of Cast Porcelain Veneers in 4 Years. YUAN Shuo, CHEN Zhi-yu. 2018, 34(9): 983-986.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.015 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (788KB) ( 236 )   Objective: To study the factors related to the clinical effects of IPS-Empress porcelain veneer. Methods: Three hundred and two cases of patients treated by IPS-Empress porcelain veneer were studied retrospectively. The type of dental preparation, colorimetric methods, bonding process, and other factors were analyzed to study the impact of the clinical effect of IPS-Empress porcelain veneer. Results: Type I was significantly superior to type II and type III in terms of the color and marginal adaptation of prosthetic margin and patients’ satisfaction degree (P<0.05). Instrument colorimetry and digital photography in the form and color of restorations and patients’ satisfaction degree were significantly higher than the visual method (P<0.05). Photocurable resin adhesives was significantly higher than dual-cure and chemical-cure adhesives on the the form and color of restorations and patients’ satisfaction degree (P<0.05). Adhesive thickness less than 0.1mm was better than thickness less than 0.2mm in the color and marginal adaptation of prosthetic margin and the form and color of restorations (P<0.05). In terms of surface treatment of IPS-Empress porcelain veneer, the five treatment methods showed no significant difference in clinical curative effect (P>0.05). Conclusion: The type of dental preparation, colorimetric methods, resin adhesive, and adhesive thickness were the factors that affected the clinical effect in the operation of IPS-Empress porcelain veneer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Calcium Hydroxide on Stem Cells Proliferation from Apical Papilla of Human. YANG Wei-hong, XIE Ru, LIU Yao, LIU Xing-rong. 2018, 34(9): 987-990.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.016 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (2294KB) ( 149 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) on proliferation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) of young human. Methods: The human SCAPs were isolated and cultivated by enzyme digestion method combined with adherent explanted tissue culture. According to the concentration of CH extract, it is divided into six experimental groups. The cultivation was terminated after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days. The proliferation was determined by MTT method. Results: Compared with the control group, the proliferation of SCAPs in the 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 5.0% groups was not significantly different at day 5 (P>0.05), however, the proliferation in the 10.0% and 15.0% groups was inhibited (P<0.05). At day 7 and 9, the proliferation of all experimental groups was inhibited (P<0.05). Conclusition: CH inhibits the proliferation of human SCAPs, which is enhanced with time elapse. The inhibitory effect of CH on human SCAPs proliferation is more obvious at high concentration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Quercetin on Human Oral Keratinocyte Regeneration. Miyashaer·Hujiahemaiti, LI Xue, LV Hui-xin, DING Xin-xin, ZHOU Yan-min. 2018, 34(9): 991-994.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.017 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (960KB) ( 237 )   Objective: To assess the potential of quercetin on gingival regeneration. Methods: Cell viability and proliferation capacity were tested by CCK-8 kit. Cell migration was monitored using Transwell chambers. An inflammatory situation was mimicked using Pg. LPS. RT-qPCR was performed to measure mRNA levels of IL-β1, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3. Protein levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were evaluated with ELISA. Results: 20 μmol/L quercetin enhanced the proliferation and migration of HOKs. Furthermore, 20 μmol/L quercetin increased both mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β3 under inflammatory conditions while 50 μmol/L quercetin increased expression of TGF-β1. Expression of IL-β1 and TNF-α were downregulated by quercetin treatment. Conclusion: Compared with untreated controls, the re-epithelialization of 20 μmol/L quercetin-treated HOKs were highly rapid. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Phenotypic and Genetic Features Analysis of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Pedigrees with Athelia. XU Dong-wei, LIN Yao. 2018, 34(9): 995-997.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.018 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (1813KB) ( 181 )   Objective: To analyze the genetic and clinical features of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) pedigree with athelia. Methods: The pedigree was collected through proband reporting. The genetic and clinical characters were summarized through medical examination and pedigree analysis. Results: One HED family with athelia was reported in this study. Patients suffered with hypohidrosis, severe tooth agenesis, onychogryphosis, and nipple deformity. The inheritance mode excluded the X-linked recessive manner. Conclusion: The reported HED pedigree with athelia has typical clinical symptoms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Longitudinal Environmental Effects on Craniofacial Depth and Upper Airway in Cephalograms of Female Twins from Six to Twelve Years Old. LV Jing, LI Pu, PENG Jing. 2018, 34(9): 998-1002.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.019 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (1173KB) ( 125 )   Objective: To study the relative effects of genes and environment on craniofacial height and upper airway width during the mixed dentitions. Methods: The sample used in this study consisted of lateral cephalograms of one hundred and eighty-three female twins. The genetic and environmental effects on craniofacial height and upper airway width were analyzed by statistical methods in female twins from six to twelve years old. Results: Significant genetic effects were present on the vertical measurement (H1, H2 and H3), and environmental effects were present on the Angle measurement (Cm-Sn-Ls and Li-B`-Pos) and upper airway width (d1, d2 and d3) in female twins. Conclusion: The effect of genetic on the craniofacial depth and upper airway width is significant, while environmental impact can also be founded. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Length and Width-to-length Ratio of Clinical Crown of Chinese Han Adults in Wuhan. YU Ting, YANG Xi, ZHAO Li, LI Cheng-zhang, SHANG Shu-huan. 2018, 34(9): 1003-1006.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.020 Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (1066KB) ( 682 )   Objective: To measure length and width-to-length ratio of clinical crown of upper anterior teeth in Chinese Han adults. Methods: Ninety-one college students of Chinese Han (32 males and 59 females) from Wuhan University were recruited during the year 2011 to 2012. Dental casts were obtained to measure the clinical crown width (CCW) and length (CCL) and width-to-length ratio (CCW/CCL) of upper bilateral central (U1) and lateral (U2) incisors and canines (U3). Results: CCLs of U1, U2 and U3 were 10.27, 8.87 and 10.19 mm in male and 9.72, 8.36 and 9.46 mm in female, respectively. CCW/CCLs of U1, U2 and U3 were 0.82, 0.79 and 0.80 in male and 0.86, 0.83 and 0.84 in female, respectively. Regarding CCL, there were significant bilateral differences (left>right, P<0.05) and sex differences (male>female, P<0.01). The CCW/CCLs of U1, U2 and U3 were different between male (U1=U3>U2) and female (U1>U3>U2). In terms of tooth size proportion, there was no sex differences for either CCL (117∶100∶114) or CCW (120∶100∶115). Conclusion: The data regarding CCL and CCW/CCL of upper anterior teeth of Chinese Han adults would provide references for esthetic management of periodontist and prosthodontist and development of related commercial products. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Customized Osteotomy Template in Assisting Genioplasty by Three Dimensional Printing Technique. HE Jin-quan, PIAO Zheng-guo, HUANG Luo, CHEN Lun-qiu, YAN Jing,LIU Da-lie. 2018, 34(9): 1007-1010.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.021 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (1469KB) ( 247 )   Objective: To guide the genioplasty and illustrate its feasibility and validity by a new 3D printing template. Methods: Twelve patients with microgenia deformities were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 22.6 years (range 18-27 years). Cone beam CT scan was used for each patient to create a 3D mandibular model. The templates were designed in 3-matic 8.0 software and manufactured via 3D printing technique. Results: All patients were operated with the novel method successfully without plate break or deformity. Compared to preoperative virtual position, the actual central point movement distance was (0.12±0.27) mm coronally, (-0.57±0.18) mm sagitally, and (-0.22±0.36) mm perpendicularly, respectively. The angular of pitch, roll, and yaw were (2.14±1.02)°, (0.45±0.64)°, and (0.24±0.17)°, respectively. There was no significant difference statistically. Conclusion: This templates system provides a reliable method for transfer of genioplasty planning.The operation precision of the genioplasty can be improved by using the surgical templates system and better outcome can be available. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance Comparison of 3D Printed Antler Powder/Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds and Nano-scale Hydroxyapatite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds. ZHAO Xiao-qi, DING Liu-chuang, HAN Xiang-zhen, LI Jun-jie, ZHOU Qi-qi, SONG Yan-yan, HE Hui-yu 2018, 34(9): 1011-1015.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.022 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (1679KB) ( 197 )   Objective: A new scaffold material (antler powder/PVA scaffold) was constructed, and compared with n-HA/PVA scaffold. By testing its physicochemical and biological properties, its feasibility as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering was evaluated and explored. Methods: The antler powder/PVA scaffolds and n-HA/PVA scaffolds were respectively prepared by 3D printing technology to test the porosity, pore size, water absorption, compressive mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Results: There was no difference in the porosity of two groups, and the pore sizes of antler powder/PVA scaffold were larger than those of n-HA/PVA scaffolds (P=0.004). At different time points, the water absorption of the n-HA/PVA scaffolds was greater than that of the antler powder/PVA scaffolds. However, the antler powder/PVA scaffolds had longer duration of water absorption. The compression resistance of two groups was not different (P=0.243). However, the toughness of antler power/PVA scaffold was better than that of n-HA/PVA scaffolds, and the cell compatibility was the same. Conclusion: Antler powder/PVA scaffolds have good mechanical properties and cell compatibilities, which can be used as a new direction to study the xenogeneic scaffolds. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Evaluation of NiTi Rotary Instrument in Root Canal Therapy of Primary Molars. MA Xiao-wei. 2018, 34(9): 1016-1018.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.023 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (771KB) ( 180 )   Objective: To explore the clinical effects of NiTi rotary instruments and manual stainless steel instruments in root canal therapy of primary molars. Methods: Ninety children (90 teeth) who received root canal therapy in their mandibular primary second molars in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenyang Children’s Hospital, from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected. The primary molars were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, with 45 molars in each group. ProTaper NiTi Rotary instruments were used in the experimental group and manual stainless steel K-files were used in the control group. The time of root canal preparation, the quality of root filling, and the pain after preparation were compared. Results: In contrast to control group, the experimental group had shorter root canal preparation time, higher root canal filling rate, and lower incidence of pain after root canal preparation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The clinical application of ProTaper NiTi Rotary instruments in primary molar root canal therapy is worth of recommendation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on Identification of Second Mesiobuccal Canals in Maxillary Molars through Oral Microscope. GAO Ya-fan, HE Qin, CHEN Su-lei, ZHA Ming-zhu, YANG Wei-dong. 2018, 34(9): 1019-1022.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.024 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (793KB) ( 218 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral microscope on the identification of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars. Methods: The study sample consisted of 80 extracted maxillary molars, which were subjected to CBCT detection. The teeth were opened under naked eye to identify MB2 canal, and then visualized under oral microscope again. The accuracy with naked eyes and microscope was compared, and the false positive and false negative root canal types were analyzed. Results: CBCT showed 51.25% of MB2 canal in maxillary molars. When compared to naked eye (26.25%), the oral microscope (42.50%) improved the detection rate of MB2 canal. The discovery rate and sensitivity of the microscope were significantly higher than those of the naked eye, while the false positive rate and false negative rate under the microscope were significantly lower than those of the naked eye. There was no significant difference between different teeth. The MB2 of some long oval canals is still difficult to judge under the microscope. Conclusion: The application of microscope can improve the accuracy of root canal positioning. The combined use of microscope and CBCT has a high clinical value on the long oval canals. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three Mesial Canals in Mandibular First Molar: 3 Case Reports. LU Jing, LU Zhao-jie, JIANG Xing 2018, 34(9): 1023-1025.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.025 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (1525KB) ( 324 )   This paper describes three cases of mandibular first molar with three mesial canals. The anatomical variation in the root canal system should be considered during the treatment. The root canal orifices should be carefully explored to decrease the most possible chance of missing extra canal and enhance the successful rate of root canal treatment. The available of dental operating microscope increases the chance to find the mesial canal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Auriculotemporal Giant Cell Granuloma: 1 Case Report. ZHANG Qi, LI Yu-lin, MA Dong-yang. 2018, 34(9): 1026-1028.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2018.09.026 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (1728KB) ( 215 )   Objective: To explore the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatment of giant cell granuloma. Methods: The diagnosis and treatment of one case of auriculotemporal giant cell granuloma treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lanzhou Military Region General Hospital in March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. And the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results: Giant cell granuloma was a rare non-neoplastic benign lesion with local invasiveness. Histopathological features were fibrous of proliferated collagen tissue, where multicore giant cells and hemosiderin could be seen, and more inflammatory cells infiltrated. Conclusion: Giant cell granuloma is a kind of non-tumor pathological change. It is rare in clinical and difficult to diagnose, which needs the combination of clinical and pathological analysis. Postoperative radiotherapy is an effective treatment method after the complete remove of lesion part. References | Related Articles | Metrics