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Research Progress in Clinical Application of Digital Oral Scanning System CHEN Xiaodong, CHEN Jifen 2020, 36(7): 611-615.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.001 Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (1033KB) ( 894 )   With the rapid development and extensive applications of digital oral technology, the digital diagnosis and treatment becomes a new mode for dentists. As a new way to collect the oral information of soft and hard tissue, the digital oral scanning is an important step in the digital diagnosis and treatment, and its accuracy will affect the quality of the prosthesis directly. Therefore, the working principle, clinical operational mode and advantages, types and characteristics as well as accuracy of the digital oral scanning system are summarized in this paper so as to help dentists to understand the digital oral scanning system more comprehensively and to promote the application of digital oral technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Autophagy Regulators for Periodontitis Treatment QI Xiaoshuang, MENG Weiyan 2020, 36(7): 616-618.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.002 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (759KB) ( 274 )   Periodontitis is an autoimmune response with a high incidence in oral cavity and closely related to general health. However, there is no uniform standard for the treatment of periodontitis. Cell autophagy is the body's own defense mechanism against foreign diseases. In recent years, the role of autophagy in the host defense of periodontitis is used to provide a new way for the treatment of periodontitis. This article reviews the research status of several autophagy regulators with therapeutic effect on periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Artificial Intelligence in Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Imaging WANG Rong, WANG Tiemei 2020, 36(7): 619-621.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.003 Abstract ( 453 )   PDF (756KB) ( 712 )   In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in various professional fields has injected new vitality into the development of oral and maxillofacial medical imaging. This paper reviews the history of AI and the application of AI in medical imaging and oral and maxillofacial medical imaging and related technologies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Minimally Invasive Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy PEI Xiyan, SUN Feng 2020, 36(7): 622-625.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.004 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (777KB) ( 330 )   Non-surgical periodontal treatment is a very important part of systemic periodontal therapy. With the progress of the modern minimally invasive concept in oral treatment, some new minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy (MINST) have been developed, such as periodontal endoscopy, laser therapy, antibacterial photodynamic therapy, and subgingival air polishing. This article reviews the MINST and its clinical application. Treatment of MINST in narrow deep vertical bone pocket can achieve the goal of periodontal tissue regeneration to minimize the necessary of surgery. Periodontal endoscope-assisted root debridement can significantly improve the removal rate of root calculus and reduce tissue trauma. Laser therapy is a possible alternative to traditional root debridement, especially for patients with tooth sensitivity, which can significantly improve the comfort level of treatment. Both Er:YAG laser and Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be used for non-surgical periodontal therapy. Meanwhile, Er:YAG laser is more efficient than Er,Cr:YSGG laser in removing calculus and has a lower incidence of pit on root surface. The clinical effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy in assisting traditional subgingival root surface debridement is still controversial, but it is possible to decrease subgingival bacterial community quantity, C-reactive protein, and bleeding probing in the short term. The efficiency and comfort of subgingival air polishing are significantly higher than that of traditional subgingival ultrasonic scaling, and the clinical effect is consistent with that of ultrasonic treatment in residual periodontal pocket and periodontal maintenance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Present Situation and Prospect in the Treatment of Gummy Smile DONG Xiaomeng, BAI Ding 2020, 36(7): 626-629.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.005 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (780KB) ( 336 )   Gummy smile is an unaesthetic clinical symptom which is caused by complicated factors. According to the causes of the gummy smile, multidisciplinary approach can be selected. In this paper, etiology and multidisciplinary treatment of the gummy smile are reviewed, which is helpful to understand the treatment for gummy smile References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Pulp Revascularization for Immature Permanent Teeth with Apical Periodontitis LIU Xuejun, XU Jiamin 2020, 36(7): 630-634.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.006 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (2883KB) ( 287 )   Objective: To evaluate the treatment effectiveness of revascularization in necrotic immature teeth. Methods: Twenty-eight immature teeth which were diagnosed as periodontitis or pulp necrosis were recruited. X-ray was taken before revascularization. Clinical and radiographic data were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted to summarize the clinical factors which were related to root development. Results: The average follow-up time was 15.44 (12-30) months, among which 21 root canals achieved increase of root length, 20 root canals showed increase of dental wall thickness, and 4 root canals had calcification. Five types of responses were observed: type A, continued root maturation (apical foramen closure/narrow); type B, no significant continuation of root development with the root apex becoming closed; type C, severe calcification (obliteration); type D, a hard tissue barrier formed in the canal between the coronal MTA plug and the root apex; type E, there was no change compared before. The increase of root length was significantly different between the age and degree of bleeding, however, no significant different in the size of the root apical, the lesion area around the root apical, and the stage of root development. Conclusion: Pulp revascularizafion could be an effective treatment for immature permanent teeth, but its long-term effect still needs to be followedup References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scavenging Effects of Nisin on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm ZHANG Xuyang, LI Hui, LIU Yi, LOU Tingting, BAO Xueying, LI Shiya, HUANG Hui 2020, 36(7): 635-638.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.007 Abstract ( 213 )   PDF (2860KB) ( 176 )   Objective: To explore the scavenging effect of different concentrations of Nisin on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods: A 24h-old biofilm model of Enterococcus faecalis was established in vitro. The MTT method was applied to evaluate the scavenging effect of Nisin (A1, B1, C1, D1, E1) on the 24h-old Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. The confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the effect of the tested drugs (A2, B2, C2, D2, E2) on the structures of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro. Results: Nisin of different concentrations scavenged the biofilms to some extent (P<0.05), yet with higher biofilm biomass than that of PC1 (P<0.05). There were different statistical differences when the experimental groups compared within them. There were statistically significant differences between any two in the experimental groups (P<0.05), except for between C1 and D1 (P>0.05). The images of CLSM showed Nisin could damage the biofilm significantly, leaving the biofilm structure becoming sparse. Conclusion: Nisin could scavenge and disrupt the E.faecalis biofilm to some extent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Berberine Stimulates Osteogenesis/Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells MA Lan, YU Yijun, LIU Hanxiao, LIU Chao, MIAO Leiying 2020, 36(7): 639-643.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.008 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (2289KB) ( 320 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of berberine on proliferation and osteogensis/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Methods: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated and cultured. The phenotype was identified by flow cytometry. hDPSCs were treated with different concentrations of berberine (0, 1, 3, 10, and 30 μmol/L). Cell proliferation and osteogenesis/odontogenic differentiation were detected by CCK-8, ALP activity assay, and q-PCR. Results: hDPSCs were successfully isolated and identified. CCK-8 results showed that within 7 days of culture, berberine at 0-10 μmol/L concentration had no effect on hDPSCs proliferation. However, 30 μmol/L group inhibited cell proliferation at day 7. ALP activity assay detected that berberine significantly promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase at the concentration of 1 and 3μmol/L. q-PCR also demonstrated that berberine could up-regulate the mRNA expression of genes related to osteogenesis and odontogenic, and the promotion effect was most significant when the concentration was 1 and 3 μmol/L. Conclusion: Berberine can promote osteogenesis/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs at 1-3 μmol/L. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic Features and CBCT Presentation of Subtle Vertical Root Fracture in Endodontically Treated Teeth CAO Dantong, Gvlbira·AHMAT, GAO Antian, CAO Ya, TAN Baochun, WANG Congyue, LIN Zitong 2020, 36(7): 644-647.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.009 Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (1534KB) ( 293 )   Objective: To summarize the clinic features and radiographic manifestation on the CBCT images of subtle vertical root fracture (SVRF) in endodontically treated teeth. Methods: 92 patients with 97 SVRF teeth in endodontically treated teeth were collected in this study. The gender, age, and tooth position were analyzed. Fracture line, apical bone, and periodontal bone resorption were evaluated on the CBCT images. Results: Of the 92 patients, 64.1% were females and 35.9% were males. The age ranged from 26 to 84 years old, and the incidence rates among four age groups of 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, and 61-70 were not significantly different (all around 20%). The incidence of mandibular first molars was the highest (35, 36.1%), followed by the maxillary second premolars (18, 18.6%) and maxillary second premolars (17, 17.5%). Among the 97 SVRF teeth, 28 teeth presented with subtle fracture lines on the CBCT image. 97 SVRF teeth suffered from different degrees of bone resorption. Among them, 68 teeth (70.1%) presented with vertical bone resorption and periapical bone resorption, 28 teeth (28.9%) presented with vertical bone resorption, and only 1 tooth (1.0%) presented with periapical bone resorption. Conclusion: The occurrence of SVRF in endodontically treated teeth was higher in female patients than in male patients, and there was no significant difference between different age groups. SVRFs occurred mainly in mesial root of mandibular first molar and maxillary premolar, which was considered to be related with the morphology of root of these teeth. SVRFs often presented with varying degrees of vertical bone resorption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of D/L-valine on Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Porphyromonas Gingivalis Biofilm ZHANG Huiyan, LI Baosheng, ZHANG Zhenyang, HAN Chunyu, LI Zuntai, QI Xiaoshuang, FU Qiyue, MENG Weiyan 2020, 36(7): 648-653.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.010 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (3536KB) ( 222 )   Objective: To study the effects of D-valine and L-valine on porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) and its biofilms. Methods: The concentration of D-valine without cytotoxicity was obtained by CCK-8 experiment. The effects of D-valine and L-valine on the bacterial activity of P.gingivalis were evaluated by growth curve experiment. The inhibition of D-valine and L-valine on the biofilm formation of P.gingivalis and the dispersion of mature P.gingivalis biofilm were evaluated by crystal violet staining experiment, extracellular polysaccharide experiment, and scanning electron microscope. Results: D-valine had no cytotoxicity to fibroblasts at 50 mmol/L and 75 mmol/L concentrations. D-valine (75 mmol/L) could effectively inhibit the bacterial activity and biofilm formation of P.gingivalis and destroyed the mature P.gingivalis biofilm. D-valine (50 mmol/L) inhibited the bioactivity and biofilm formation of P.gingivalis for 72 h. L-valine (75 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L) promoted the bacterial activity of P.gingivalis and the formation of biofilm. When D-valine and L-valine existed simultaneously, D-valine functions were shown only. Conclusion: D-valine can inhibit the bacterial activity and biofilm formation of P.gingivalis and destroy the mature biofilm. L-valine can promote the bacterial activity and biofilm formation of P.gingivalis, but it is not antagonistic to D-valine. D-valine can be used as a potential biologic agent to treat bacterial plaque related diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation and Mechanism of EBV LMP1 on Inflammatory Factors of Gingival Epithelial Cells LIU Fangfang, QIU Zhongying, WANG Yanli 2020, 36(7): 654-657.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.011 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (1609KB) ( 100 )   Objective: To study the regulation of EBV LMP1 on proinflammatory factors of Ca9-22 cells as well as its mechanism. Methods: Ca9-22 cells were transfected with 0.05 μg and 0.2 μg pSG-GFP-LMP1 plasmids. The expressions of GFP were observed under fluorescence microscope, the mRNA and protein levels of LMP1 were measured by Real-time PCR and ELISA after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Ca9-22 cells were transfected with 0.2 μg pSG-GFP-LMP1 plasmids, and the mRNA and protein levels of IL-8 were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA at 24 h and 48 h. Ca9-22 cells were transfected with 0.05 μg and 0.2 μg pSG-GFP-LMP1 plasmids, the protein levels of p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65, and p65 were measured by western blot. Results: Ca9-22 cells transfected with the pSG-GFP-LMP1 plasmid could be expressed successfully. After transfection of Ca9-22 cells with 0.2 μg plasmid, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-8 in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.01). 48h after transfection, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-8, the protein levels of p-IκBα, p-p65, and p65 in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expressions were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The protein levels of IκBα was decreased in the experimental group (P<0.01) . Conclusion: EBV LMP1 may induce IL-8 expression in Ca9-22 cells by activating NF-κB phosphorylation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of D-valine Loaded Hydrogel on Rat Periodontitis WANG Kunyu, SUN Yuyan, ZHANG Huiyan, QI Xiaoshuang, ZHANG Zhenyang, QIAO Shuwei, XIANG Jingcheng, DING Jiaxin, MENG Weiyan 2020, 36(7): 658-663.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.012 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (2611KB) ( 161 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of D-valine hydrogel on experimental periodontitis and related inflammatory factors in rats. Methods: Thirty SD rats were divided into five groups: negative control group (group A), periodontitis model group (group B), the periodontitis with PaiLi (group C, positive control group), the periodontitis with D-valine hydrogel (group D), and the periodontitis with blank hydrogel (group E). The gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), periodontal pocket depth (PD), and alveolar bone absorption (ABL) were measured by CBCT. Pathological changes of periodontal tissues were observed by HE staining, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Results: The periodontal index, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-a in the model group were all increased and IL-10 was decreased. The GI, PI, and ABL in the group C and D were significantly lower than those in the group B (P<0.05), and the PD values in the groups C, D, and E were not significantly different from those in the group B (P>0.05). The IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-a levels in the group D were significantly lower than those in the group B (P<0.01), while the IL-6, TNF-a levels in the group D were not significantly different from those in the group A (P>0.05). And the level of IL-10 in group D was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01). Conclusion: D-valine hydrogel can reduce inflammatory factor level, reduce alveolar bone resorption, and improve periodontitis, which may be related to periodontal pathogens. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D Surgical Guide Plate in Periodontal Corticotomy TIAN Mingtong, ZHANG Mingzhu 2020, 36(7): 664-668.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.013 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (2699KB) ( 127 )   Objective: To explore the application of 3D surgical guide plate in periodontal corticotomy. Methods: Twenty orthodontic patients admitted to our hospital were collected and divided into control group (A) and test group (B). Group A received traditional corticotomy, while group B received 3D guide plate combined with minimally invasive corticotomy. PPD, mGI, oral health quality of life, and scar score of two groups of patients were recorded before operation, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after operation, respectively. Results: Before operation, there was no significant difference between two groups. There was no significant difference in PPD and mGI between two groups 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after operation in contrast to baseline. The difference of OHIP-14 between two groups at 3 and 7 days after operation was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was significant difference in scar score between two groups 24 weeks after operation(P<0.05). Conclusion: 3D surgical guide plate combined with minimally invasive corticotomy can effectively improve postoperative discomfort of patients with good aesthetic effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Patient-specific Guiding Templates in Accurate Maxillary Reconstruction LIU Chaoming, ZHENG Yueyu, WU Tianfu, LIU Bing, SHAO Zhe 2020, 36(7): 669-673.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.014 Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (5981KB) ( 227 )   Objective: To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of digital guiding template for accurate reconstruction of maxillary defects, and to evaluate its clinical effect. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed from March 2014 to June 2019, including 16 cases of maxillary defect reconstruction. All patients used preoperative virtual surgery plan to design, and make personalized surgical guiding templates by following 3D printing. The pre-bending and shaping of titanium mesh and plate were based on the printed 3D model. All procedures during operation were strict according to the guiding template, and postoperative verification used fusion-images technology to evaluate the postoperative effect. Results: 16 cases of vascularized free bone flap survived successfully, and the reconstruction effect was basically consistent with the preoperative design. After follow-up, patients were observed with satisfactory appearance, good bone healing, normal occlusal relationship, and no serious complications in the donor area. Conclusion: The personalized guide plate made by virtual operation system can greatly reduce the time of adjusting and grinding bone mass, the time of determining the position of bone segment, and the time of reducing the difficulty of operation, and shorten the operation time and the injury of donor area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Piezosurgery Combined with 45 Degree Contra-angle Turbo Drill in Extraction of Mandibular Impacted Wisdom Teeth XIANG Guolin, LI Linlin, WEI Yuzhang, LI Yongmei, ZHANG Le 2020, 36(7): 674-677.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.015 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (2438KB) ( 204 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of piezosurgery combined with 45 degree contra-angle turbo drill in the extraction of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth. Methods: Four hundred and seventy patients with mandibular impacted wisdom teeth were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. Two hundred and fifty-one patients with mandibular impacted wisdom teeth extracted by piezosurgery combined with 45 degree contra-angle turbo drill were listed as the experimental group. Two hundred and nineteen patients with mandibular impacted wisdom teeth extracted by 45 degree contra-angle turbo drill were listed as control group. The complications of intraoperative and postoperative between the two groups were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the extraction time between experimental group and control group. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Piezosurgery combined with 45 degree contra-angle turbo drill in the extraction of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth can reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Characteristic of 6 Patients with Garrè's Osteomyelitis Yesihati·MUHETAER, Keremu·ABASI, HU Lulu, GONG Zhongcheng 2020, 36(7): 678-682.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.016 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (2826KB) ( 264 )   Objective: To provide a basis for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Garrè's osteomyelitis in the jaw by analyzing the general condition, clinical features, source, distribution, and treatment of patients with Garrè's osteomyelitis. Methods: The clinical data of 6 patients with Garrè's osteomyelitis treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were analyzed from May 2013 to May 2015, including the patient's general condition, clinical characteristics, source of infection, distribution, and treatment. Results: Of the 6 patients with Garrè's osteomyelitis of the jaw, 3 were male and 3 were female, with an average age of 11.6 years, 8 days of hospitalization, and an average duration of 99 days. 4 patients were non-dental infections (67%). 2 patients had odontogenic infections (33%). The jaws of Garrè's osteomyelitis often involved the mandible. It had facial asymmetry and local swelling. The imaging feature of Garrè's jaw osteomyelitis was dense osteosclerosis with periosteal new bone formation. Conclusion: Garrè's osteomyelitis is a special osteoporotic chronic osteomyelitis,which often involved the unilateral mandible. The etiology is related to odontogenic infection, endocrine, and trauma. Surgical treatment of adjuvant anti-inflammatory treatment is the best treatment for Garrè's osteomyelitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Crown-root Ratio of Short Implants on Bone Remodeling:a 5-year Clinical Observation XIA Xun, HU Changqi, HUANG Jiangqin, GUO Shuigen, WEI Hongwu 2020, 36(7): 683-687.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.017 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (1412KB) ( 143 )   Objective:To observe the effects of increased crown-to-root ratios on bone remodeling of short implants. Methods:27 patients with a total of 69 Bicon short implants in the posterior region from January 2011 to June 2013 were enrolled in the study. The relationship between marginal bone loss (MBL), peri-implant bone grey-scale value (GSV), and crown-to-implant ratio (CIR) was analyzed using imaging data. Results:The 69 Bicon implants enrolled in the study had a functional load of (65 ± 9) months with a success rate of 94.2%. Grouped by CIR, no significant correlation was found between MBL, ΔGSV and CIR (P>0.05). There were only two implants with cracking of the porcelain, and the mechanical complications were not significant different (P＞0.05). Conclusion:CIR of Bicon short implant has no significant effect on MBL and △GSV, and alveolar bone has sufficient ability to cope with greater stress stimulation. Higher CIR does not lead to more mechanical complications and implant failure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Minimally Invasive Sinus Augmentation Procedure Using a Sinus Crestal Approach: A Prospective Case Series Study on Radiologic Outcomes WANG Zhi, ZOU Lidong 2020, 36(7): 688-692.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.018 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1685KB) ( 193 )   Objective: To evaluate radiologic outcomes and morphology of a novel device that allows simultaneous hydraulic sinus membrane elevation, bone grafting, and implant placement. Methods: 56 patients with 68 lost teeth in the posterior maxilla with 4 to 9 mm of residual crestal height were operated by minimally invasive Sinus Crestal Approach (SCA) technology. They were analyzed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre and immediately post operation, three months post-operation, and one year post-operation. The parameters were measured: pre-operative bone height (H0), immediately post-operative bone height (H1), three-month post-operative height (H2), 1 year post-operative height (H3), lift Height H'=H1-H0, three months of osteogenic height H1'=H2-H0, 1 year post-operative osteogenesis height H2'= H3-H0, and post-operative bone tip height H3'. Sinus floor morphology was assessed one year post-operation. Marginal bone lost was measured. Results: The mean heights pre (H0) and immediately post-operation (H1) were (6.34 ±1.15) mm and (11.57±1.28) mm (P<0.01). The post-operative lift height (H') was (5.23±1.33) mm, and the 1 year post-operative lift height (H2') was (4.66±1.36) mm (P<0.05). According to the post-operative CBCT sagittal images, the morphology was divided into four types, 47 cases of type A (69.1%), 11 cases of type B (16.2%), 4 cases of type C (5.9%), and 6 cases of type D (8.8%). A total of 3 cases had perforation, with perforation rate at 4.4%. MBL was (0.65±0.20) mm. Conclusion: The SCA technique was simple and easy to master, which achieved excellent results and low incidence of complications. Long-term clinical studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological Characteristics of Incisive Canal by Cone Beam Computer Tomography WU Lianjun, YAO Litao, ZHANG Caixia, LIU Chuantong 2020, 36(7): 693-697.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.019 Abstract ( 208 )   PDF (1322KB) ( 156 )   Objective: To evaluate the morphological characteristics of the incisive canal (IC) in Chinese population in three dimensions by cone beam computer topography (CBCT) and to assess the influence of age, gender, and dental status of anterior area on IC and labial bone thickness (LBTs). Methods: CBCT of 500 patients from January, 2017 to 2019 in the Department of Oral Implantolgy of Stomatological Hospital affiliate to Wenzhou Medical University was collected retrospectively. The characteristics of IC and LBTs were examined by NNT software. The correlation of age, gender, and dental status of anterior area with IC and LBTs was evaluated. Results: IC and LBTs showed variation significantly. Morphological of IC showed that 33.56% was cylindrical shape,27.15% was conical shape, 15.78 was hourglass-shape, 10.00% was funnel-shape,12.26% was banana-like shape, and 1.25% was branch-like shape. There was significant difference between gender and length of IC and LBTs in the sagittal section. In addition, different dental status showed significantly difference in the length of IC and LBTs. Conclusion: Three dimensions of IC by preoperative CBCT help clinicians avoid the complication in anterior area during implant surgery. More attention should be pay during implant surgery in female, elderly, and medial incisors defect patient. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Hotspots of Stomatology Education Based on Chinese and Foreign Literature Analysis GUAN Tong,ZHANG Yanlei,SHI Shuangqing 2020, 36(7): 698-702.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.020 Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (1239KB) ( 209 )   Objective: To analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese and foreign literatures on the hotspots of stomatology education. Methods: Bicomb 2 software and gCLUTO1.0 software were used to analyze the hot topics in the literature of stomatology education in CNKI and PubMed. Results: Chinese literature was grouped into 7 categories and foreign literature into 12 categories. There were obvious differences in the research hotspots between Chinese and foreign literatures. Chinese literature gradually increased in the 1990s, while foreign literature surged in the mid-1960s. Conclusion: It is found that the focus of Chinese literature on stomatology education is abstract, and more attention is paid to the evaluation, evaluation and description of the current situation, with the ultimate goal of training more professional and more practical stomatologists. Foreign literature focuses on the combination of oral medicine teaching and social group events, as well as the attention to specific problems in oral medicine teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Obstructing Tooth Extraction with Needle Ingestion in 1 Case HU Yongxin, ZHANG Yuhui, LIAO Ting, ZOU Rui, ZHOU Libin 2020, 36(7): 703-704.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2020.07.021 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1424KB) ( 250 )   A 17-year-old male patient underwent extraction of the impacted teeth on the left mandible. During the separation of teeth with a high-speed hand piece, the fissure bur fell off and fell into the laryngopharynx, which was swallowed by the patient. After that, the fissure bur with a length of about 2.8 cm was found in the stomach. Then the doctor in the gastroscope room clamped the fissure bur with the foreign body clamp of gastroscope and carefully took it out. References | Related Articles | Metrics