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    28 March 2023, Volume 39 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Carbon-based Materials in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Repair
    NIU Yumei, SUN Jingxuan
    2023, 39(3): 187-192.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.001
    Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (892KB) ( 199 )  
    Peripheral nerve injury seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients, especially the severed peripheral nerve injury. Autologous nerve transplantation, as a common method in clinical treatment, has some limitations such as limited donor source and denervation disorder in the donor area. The development of artificial transplanting materials is the key to solve the problem. Recently carbon-based materials have shown remarkable advantages in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. From this perspective, this review will summarize the research progress of carbon-based materials in peripheral nerve injury and prospect its future application in this field, especially facial nerve injury, so as to provide a new idea for clinical treatment of severe facial nerve injury in stomatology.
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    Application of Dexamethasone in Dental Pulp Diseases
    LIU Xiaoli, LI Yi
    2023, 39(3): 193-196.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.002
    Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (847KB) ( 350 )  
    Dental pulp disease is a common disease in oral cavity. Mechanical, chemical, microbial, and thermal factors will stimulate dental pulp, trigger inflammatory immune response, cause dental pulp vascular dilatation and immune cell aggregation, and finally lead to tissue damage. As a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone is more and more widely used in endodontics because of its anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and analgesic effects. It has a better practical perspective in the fields of root canal therapy, vital pulp preservation, and so on. This paper summarizes the mechanism and application of dexamethasone in dental pulp diseases.
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    Disease Characteristics and Management Model of Oral Lichen Planus in Children
    XU Hongdan, ZHOU Hongmei
    2023, 39(3): 197-201.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.003
    Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (1227KB) ( 224 )  
    Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease, which is frequently encountered in middle-aged females but rarely in children. Showing erosion, pain, and even high rates of recurrent and recalcitrant, some cases of OLP in children (OLPc) have a significant physical and psychological impact on children, although there is no report about its malignant transformation so far. This study reviewed relevant domestic and foreign literature published between 1991 and 2021, to summarize the disease characteristics of OLPc including epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, et al. Besides, we proposed a disease management model of OLPc corresponded with the tertiary prevention strategies for the first time, which might have a beneficial reference to the standardized diagnosis, treatment, and management of OLPc.
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    Research Progress on Role of Abnormal Iron Metabolism in Periodontitis
    LUO Xiaojie, CHEN Xiaotao
    2023, 39(3): 202-205.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.004
    Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (1250KB) ( 374 )  
    Currently, periodontitis is the leading reason of teeth lose in adults. However, we still know very little about the reason of periodontitis due to its complex pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules. Increased local and systemic oxidative stress is associated with an inflammatory response in periodontal tissue. Iron is an essential nutrient for our bodies, and it also is the main catalyst in the cells. When iron homeostasis is disrupted in cells, it can trigger oxidative stress. Thus, there appears to be a strong link between abnormal iron metabolism, oxidative stress, and periodontitis. Inflammation of periodontal tissue can trigger abnormal iron metabolism, and abnormal iron metabolism can trigger oxidative stress by ferritinophagy, which can further contribute to the development of periodontitis. In addition, abnormal iron metabolism can disrupt bone homeostasis, and accelerate alveolar bone resorption. This paper reviews the role of abnormal iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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    CBCT Study on Maxillary Middle and High Impacted Third Molars Causing External Root Resorption of Adjacent Second Molars
    ZHOU Lei, LI Yumei, WANG Chuanjiang
    2023, 39(3): 206-210.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.005
    Abstract ( 170 )   PDF (1696KB) ( 199 )  
    Objective: To investigate the relationship between maxillary mid-high proximal-mid, horizontal, or vertical impacted third molars and external root resorption (ERR) of adjacent maxillary second molars. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 88 patients with a total of 93 affected teeth visited from 2019 to 2022, and the factors associated with the ERR of adjacent second molar caused by a maxillary mid-high proximal-mid, horizontal, or vertical impacted third molar were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of maxillary second molar ERR was 44.1%, and there was no statistically significant difference in the gender, age, and direction of maxillary third molar obstruction (P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the depth of maxillary wisdom teeth obstruction (P<0.05). Conclusion: High maxillary third molar obstruction is more likely to cause second molar ERR, and early prophylactic extraction is recommended in clinical practice.
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    Application of CBCT Radiomics in Preoperative Diagnosis of Ameloblastoma of the Jaw
    NIE Gending, LIANG Yan, WANG Lidong, MA Wen, LI Ming
    2023, 39(3): 211-216.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.006
    Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (2371KB) ( 252 )  
    Objective: To investigate the application value of CBCT radiomics features in preoperative diagnosis of ameloblastoma of the jaw. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the CBCT data of 104 patients pathologically diagnosed as cystic lesions of the jaw was conducted, including 45 cases of ameloblastoma and 59 cases of odontogenic cyst. The radiomics features of the lesion area were extracted by manually drawing lesion areas. Radiomics labels were established by feature screening, and support vector machine, random forest, and logistic regression classifier models were constructed. A comprehensive model was established by combining conventional radiologic characteristics. The data of the training set and validation set were used for training and evaluating, and the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy rate (ACC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the model. Results: In the testing set, the accuracy of the three models based on radiomics features was all 81.3%, and the AUC values of the radiomics models were 0.849 (95%CI:0.707-0.991), 0.865 (95%CI:0.734-0.996), and 0.849 (95%CI:0.703-0.995), respectively. Combined with conventional radiologic features, the accuracy was 81.3%, 81.3%, and 84.4%, and the AUC values of the comprehensive models were 0.877 (95%CI:0.751-1.000), 0.873 (95%CI:0.747-0.999), and 0.889 (95%CI:0.765-1.000), respectively. However, neither between three models nor the radiomics and comprehensive models had a significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The prediction model based on CBCT radiomics features has high diagnostic performance in preoperative diagnosis of ameloblastoma, which can be used to assist diagnosis of ameloblastoma and guide the selection of a treatment plan.
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    Cone-beam CT Study on Growth and Development of Mandibular Third Molars Among 562 Adolescents Aged 12-16 in Wuhan
    LI Linlin, XIANG Guolin
    2023, 39(3): 217-220.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.007
    Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (1939KB) ( 180 )  
    Objective: To investigate the growth and development of mandibular third molars in adolescents in Wuhan, and to provide reference for clinical preventive extraction of mandibular third molars in adolescents. Methods: The digital imaging data of cone-beam CT of 562 adolescent patients aged 12 to 16 in Wuhan who were treated in Wuhan Savaid Stomatology Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021were selected, including 252 males and 310 females, the growth, development, and eruption direction of mandibular third molars and the crowding of mandibular dentition were observed. Results: The incidence of mandibular third molars was 95.2%, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of mandibular third molars between male and female (P>0.05). Most of the mandibular third molars were in the development stage of crown formation, there was no difference in the development of mandibular third molars in different genders (P>0.05). Mesial impacted development was the most common, and it was often accompanied by crowding of the mandibular dentition. Conclusion: The growth and development of mandibular third molars evaluated by cone-beam CT imaging data has reference value for clinical preventive extraction of mandibular third molars.
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    Study on Lingual Concavities of Mandibular First Molar with Cone Beam Computed Tomography
    ZHANG Liangliang, ZHANG Yuxin, GAN Kang, ZHU Juanfang
    2023, 39(3): 221-226.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.008
    Abstract ( 132 )   PDF (1628KB) ( 131 )  
    Objective: To study the prevalence and the degree of lingual concavity in the mandibular first molar edentulous region from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to reduce the risk of perforating the lingual cortical bone during the process of dental implantation. Methods: The CBCT data of 107 adult patients were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cross-sectional images of mandibular first molar area were selected. The jawbone morphology of mandibular first molar regions was classified as U-configuration (undercut), P-configuration (parallel), or C-configuration (convex). The prevalence of each group was determined. The lingual concavity characters, including the depth and the angulation, were determined by the measurements of selected anatomic landmarks. Results: Among 107 patients, the lingual undercuts (U-configuration) had a prevalence of 29.0% in the mandibular first molar region. The mean concavity angle was (57.77±8.68)° and the mean linear concavity depth (LCD) was (2.77±0.80) mm. The mean vertical distances of point P from the alveolar crest (Vc) and from the inferior mandibular border were (11.61±1.73) mm and (15.33±2.65) mm, respectively. Conclusion: The existence of lingual concavity in mandibular molar area increases the potential risk of implant surgery. CBCT image can accurately describe the anatomical characteristics of mandibular molar area and provide important reference information for making implant plan.
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    Nell-1 Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Maxillary Sinus Membrane-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Wnt/β-catenin Pathway
    XU Jing, LV Huixin, WANG Yihan, BAO Xin, ZHANG Yi, ZHOU Yanmin
    2023, 39(3): 227-235.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.009
    Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (11543KB) ( 178 )  
    Objective: To investigate the effect of Nell-1 protein on osteogenic differentiation of human maxillary sinus membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSMSCs). Methods: The MSMSCs were induced by Nell-1 protein (10,100,1000 ng/mL), and cell activity changes were detected using CCK-8 assay and cell live-dead staining. The changes in osteogenic ability were detected by alkaline phosphatase activity. mRNA expression of osteogenic-related factors was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunofluorescence staining and western blot were used to detect osteogenic protein expression. Results: Nell-1 protein had a promote effect on proliferative of MSMSCs. Alkaline phosphatase activity assay showed that the osteogenic effect of each experimental group was better than that of the control group. qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot showed that 100 ng/mL of Nell-1 significantly promoted the mRNAs and protein expression of β-catenin, Runx-2, OCN, and others (P<0.01). Conclusion: Nell-1 protein can improve the osteogenic differentiation ability of MSMSCs in vitro by upregulating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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    Selenomethionine Inhibited Expression of iNOS and COX-2 in P.g-LPS Induced RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPK Pathways
    ZHANG Fu, ZHOU Ping, XIANG Feng, WANG Chunyan, LI Lei
    2023, 39(3): 236-241.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.010
    Abstract ( 140 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 184 )  
    Objective: To demonstrate the effects and mechanism of selenomethionine (SeMet) on porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) induced RAW264.7. Methods: P.g-LPS was used to stimulate the RAW264.7 cell line. CCK-8 was used to demonstrate the cell viability of RAW264.7 cells induced by SeMet on different concentration. After RAW264.7 was pretreated with SeMet (10,25,50μmol/L) for 1 h and then cultured with or without 1 μg/mL P.g-LPS for 24h, RT-PCR was used to clarify the gene expression of iNOS and COX-2, ELISA assay was used detect the protein secretion, and Western blot was used to determine the relative protein expression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. Results: SeMet lower than 50 μmol/L had no significant influence on RAW264.7 cell viability. After the RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with SeMet, the relative gene expression and protein secretion of iNOS and COX-2 were significantly inhibited by SeMet. The higher the concentration, the greater the inhibition. The mechanism was via inhibiting nuclear transcription of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK of MAPK signaling pathway. The inhibiting effects were concentration-dependent. Conclusion: SeMet inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 on RAW264.7 induced by P.g-LPS. The mechanism was related to inhibition of nuclear transcription of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK of MAPK signaling pathway.
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    Preparation and Osteogenic Properties of Melatonin-loaded Composite Barrier Membrane
    LI Simei, LI Wanxin, YIN Lihua
    2023, 39(3): 242-248.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.011
    Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (5227KB) ( 209 )  
    Objective: To explore the physical and chemical properties of nano-barrier membranes loaded with different concentrations of melatonin (MT) and explore their effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1). Methods: SF/PLCL/MT biofilms loaded with different concentrations of MT (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mol/L) were prepared by electrospinning technology. SEM, water contact angle, and FTIR were used to characterize the samples, and the degradation and sustained-release behaviors of barrier membranes were measured in an in vitro environment. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was determined by dpph assay. In addition, the biocompatibility of the samples was evaluated by CCK-8 and cell adhesion assay. ALP activity was detected to analyze the key enzymes of osteogenic differentiation, and RT-qPCR was used to test the mRNA expression levels of ALP, OCN, OPN, and Runx2. Results: MT was successfully loaded in SP and sustained for 27 days. The oxidation resistance of SP/MT was positively associated with the concentration of MT. In addition, the expression levels of key enzymes and mRNA related to osteogenic differentiation of SP/MT-0.1 mol/L were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: SP/MT-0.1 mol/L barrier membrane has excellent physicochemical and biological properties and can promote the osteogenic differentiation potential of MC3T3-E1.
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    Diagnostic Value of MDCT Enhancement Combined with CTA Multidimensional Technique in the Evaluation of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    ZHANG Wenxin, LIN Zitong, WANG Tiemei, LIU Shu, Pakezhati·SEYITI, HUANG Xiaofeng, SUN Guowen
    2023, 39(3): 249-253.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.012
    Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (2585KB) ( 165 )  
    Objective: To verify the application value of MDCT enhancement combined with CTA multidimensional technology in the diagnosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The imaging features and indicators of 44 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma from November 2011 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The pathological results were used as the gold standard for diagnosis, and the evaluation efficacy of CT plain scan and MDCT enhancement combined with CTA multidimensional technology in the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of plain CT in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis of primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma were 63.16% and 55.56%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT enhancement combined with CTA multidimensional technique were 94.74% and 55.56%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plain CT in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis of recurrent tongue squamous cell carcinoma were both 50%, and the sensitivity and specificity of MDCT enhancement combined with CTA multidimensional technique were 71.43% and 66.67%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the tumor area at plain scan and the tumor area at arteriovenous stage and lymph node metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: MDCT enhancement combined with CTA can be used for preoperative diagnosis and staging of tongue squamous cell carcinoma, which has certain guiding significance for the development of clinical treatment plan.
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    Establishment and Evaluation of Three-dimensional Diagnosis Coordinate System for Mandibular Asymmetry Deformity
    TAI Yue, ZHU Zhaokun, HUANG Liwei, TANG Li, LUO En
    2023, 39(3): 254-258.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.013
    Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (1276KB) ( 169 )  
    Objective: To compare the differences of four kinds of horizontal reference planes and three-dimensional coordinate systems in the evaluation of mandibular asymmetry deformity. Methods: Preoperative spiral CT scans of patients with dental and maxillofacial deformities were collected for retrospective analysis. After three-dimensional reconstruction, the symmetric group (40 cases) and the mandibular asymmetric group (40 cases) were classified. Four kinds of three-dimensional diagnosis coordinate systems (FHP, FHO, FHC, CHP) were constructed and the evaluation indicators of asymmetric deformities were screened. ROC curve was used to evaluate the difference of the three-dimensional coordinate system in the diagnosis of mandibular asymmetry deformity. Results: There were differences in the diagnostic effects of three-dimensional coordinate system constructed with different horizontal reference planes for asymmetric jaw deformity. The AUC area of CHP and those of FHP, FHO, and FHC was significantly different. The assessment effect on asymmetric patients from FHP was statistical different from those from FHO and CHP, and the assessment effect on both symmetric and asymmetric patients from FHC was statistical differences from those from FHO and CHP. Conclusion: It is reliable to establish three-dimensional coordinate system through bilateral orbitale. In clinical practice, bilateral orbital and right porion can be used to construct a three-dimensional diagnostic coordinate system for orthognathic surgical diagnosis and design.
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    Three-dimensional Difference Between Open-mouth and Closed-mouth Impressions of Edentulous Jaws: A Clinical Study
    LI Xiaotong, LIU Mingli
    2023, 39(3): 259-265.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.014
    Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (3976KB) ( 210 )  
    Objective: To study the effects of different impression materials and methods on the three-dimensional shape of open-mouth impression and closed-mouth impression for complete denture. Methods: Seven patients with edentulous jaws were selected to take stock tray open-mouth impression with red paste irreversible hydrocolloid alginate, custom tray open-mouth impression, and closed-mouth impression. Three groups of stone models were obtained by optical scanning chamber and converted into STL. and imported into Geomagic control 2014 software for statistical analysis after registration to evaluate whether the model registration was consistent with the clinical status. Results: The nominal value was mainly distributed in the hard area of upper jaw, the main supporting area, and the secondary supporting area. The areas with large deviation were mainly distributed in the border seal area. There were significant differences in the border seal area of the maxillary (P<0.01) and in the lingual flange area of the mandible (P<0.05). Conclusion: Differences in the three-dimensional morphology between open-mouth and closed-mouth impressions are mainly present in the buccal and lingual maxillary border areas. The edges of alginate impressions with red paste are easier to stretch, and the occlusal pressure dose not significantly affect the three-dimensional morphology of the main and accessory ramus areas.
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    Effect of Thickness and Internal Surface Treatments on Fracture Resistance of High Translucent Zirconia Veneers
    LI Tong, SHEN Wenjing, CHEN Zhiyu, DOU Chenyun, LI Beibei, SUN Mengwen, MENG Lingqiang
    2023, 39(3): 266-271.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.015
    Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (2760KB) ( 189 )  
    Objective: To study the fracture resistance of high translucent zirconia veneer of mandibular premolars with different thicknesses and different treatment methods. Methods: Fifty-four freshly extracted mandibular premolars were selected. The 5Y-PSZ veneer was divided into thin veneer (Group A) and thick veneer (Group B) groups according to the thickness. Each group had three internal surface treatments: the control group was not treated (group A1, B1), and the two experimental groups were sandblasted (group A2, B2) and ceramic coating (group A3, B3). After luting, the static fracture resistance of the veneer was tested after thermocycles(5,000 cycles)and the fracture patterns was recorded . The fracture resistance value was analyzed. Results: In thin veneer, the fracture resistances of A2 and A3 were larger, and there was no significant difference between A2 and A3. In the thick veneer, the fracture resistance of B3 was the largest, which was significantly different from those of B2 and B1, and the fracture resistance of B2 was larger than that of B1. In the same treatment, the fracture resistances of thick veneer were stronger than those of thin veneer. Conclusion: Both thin 5Y-PSZ veneer and thick 5Y-PSZ veneer are suitable for the restoration of mandibular premolars. It is recommended to sandblast or ceramic coating the internal surface of veneer, especially for thin veneer before luting.
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    Preliminary Study on Reducing Incidence of Peri-implant Disease in Patients with Periodontitis Using Chairside Personalized Oral Hygiene Instruction
    LIU Jian, YANG Jie, HAN Ziyao, SUN Fei, HU Wenjie
    2023, 39(3): 272-277.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.016
    Abstract ( 165 )   PDF (1708KB) ( 157 )  
    Objective: To analyze the association between the methods of oral hygiene instructions(OHI)and the prevalence of peri-implant diseases in patients with periodontitis. Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight patients with 157 implants were included and divided into the chairside personalized OHI group (62 patients, 75 implants) and the traditional OHI group (66 patients, 82 implants) according to the previous OHI methods received. The peri-implant status was defined by clinical examinations,and the patients were investigated by questionnaires for their frequencies of recalls after loading. The frequency of receiving maintenance treatment and the incidence of peri-implant disease were compared between two groups. Results: The proportion of patients who received regular(≤6 months)periodontal and peri-implant maintenance after loading was 74.2%(46/62)in the chairside personalized OHI group,which was significantly higher than 13.6%(9/66)in the traditional OHI group. At the implant level,the number of healthy implants in the chairside personalized OHI group accounted for 73.3%(55/75), which was higher than 13.4%(11/82)in the traditional OHI group. The modified plaque index(mPLI), modified bleeding index (mBI), and peri-implant probing depth(PPD)of implants in the chairside personalized OHI group were significantly lower than those in the traditional OHI group(P<0.001). Conclusion: Chairside personalized OHI by dentists and oral nurses can help patients who had periodontitis and received implant treatment develop good oral hygiene maintenance habit,which is helpful to prevent peri-implant diseases.
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    Two Cases of Mandibular Coronoid Process Abnormity in Patients with Cranioclavicular Dysplasia Syndrome
    LIU Jiaoyan, WANG Weihong, SHI Yanan, QIAN Yemei, WANG Xinyi
    2023, 39(3): 278-279.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.017
    Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (2321KB) ( 177 )  
    Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder. The clinical manifestation usually is cranial, clavicular, and dental hypoplasia, with an unusual coronoid process. We report two patients who had elongate coronoid process and one patient who had a novel mutation in the RUNX2 gene (NM_001024630:exon5:c.586_587del AG).
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    Severe Traumatic Ulceration in Lips Caused by Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome: A Case Report
    YE Sai, DENG Yiwen, ZHANG Ying, SHEN Xuemin, WU Lan
    2023, 39(3): 280-281.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.018
    Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (1240KB) ( 272 )  
    Factitial ulcer is a type of traumatic ulceration that is common in brisk and lively children and adolescents. Factitial ulcer caused by heredity is rare. This paper reports the clinical manifestations and management of severe traumatic ulceration in the lips of a 26-month-old child with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, in order to deepen the understanding of the disease.
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    Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Restoration for Diastema Closure in Anterior Teeth using Digital Technology: A Case Report
    XIAO Weiwei, NIU Wenjun, YANG Guang, LUI Siin, LIANG Shanshan
    2023, 39(3): 282-284.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.03.019
    Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (5104KB) ( 316 )  
    Diastema is one of common aesthetic defects of dentition in dental clinical practice, which can affect the aesthetics, function and psychology of patients. The clinical therapy of diastema is complicated, including prosthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment, implantation and multidisciplinary combination. This article shares a typical clinical case of closing anterior diastemas by using minimal invasive porcelain veneers assisted by digital technology.
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