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Research Progress in Non-pharmacological Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia TANG Zhangui, GUO Juntao 2023, 39(2): 97-100.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.001 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (987KB) ( 255 )   Oral leukoplakia is one of the most common potential oral malignant diseases with high incidence and high possibility of cancerization. It can be clinically divided into homogeneous type and heterogeneous type, and the latter is more likely to develop into oral cancer. Oral leukoplakia treatment is divided into drug treatment and non-pharmacological treatment, compared with the former, the latter has a wide range of indications and quick effect. It has become the main choice for the treatment of oral leukoplakia in clinic. This paper summarizes the common non-pharmacological treatment methods for oral leukoplakia domestic and overseas such as laser, photodynamic therapy and traditional surgery, which includes their action characteristics and therapeutic effects. We hopely provide some references for the clinical treatments of oral leukoplakia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Orthodontic Mini-implant Localization XU Jing, HU Min 2023, 39(2): 101-104.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.002 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (782KB) ( 373 )   Compared with traditional anchorage, orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) has advantages of small volume, flexible application, and low patient compliance requirements, and is a commonly used anchorage method in clinical practice at present. OMI is applied on the premise of safety and stability, which should be located in sufficient quantity and quality of bone to avoid damage to adjacent anatomical structures. On this basis, accurate design of OMI position and direction is conducive to realize the expected mechanical mechanism and further improving clinical efficacy. This paper mainly describes OMI localization methods, in order to provide reference for safe and efficient application of OMI in clinical practice and realization of accurate orthodontic concept. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Relationship and Mechanism between Sleep Disorder and Periodontitis YE Gang, SHAN Lihua 2023, 39(2): 105-108.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.003 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (796KB) ( 499 )   Periodontitis is a common disease of oral cavity. In recent years, many studies have shown that sleep disorder is associated with periodontitis, and its mechanism may involve psychological stress, circadian rhythm disorder, systemic inflammation, immune suppression, and systemic fatigue, which provides a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. This article reviews the relationship and mechanism between sleep disturbance and periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Relationship between Periodontitis and Oral as well as Gut Microbiota CHEN Qi, GONG Ting 2023, 39(2): 109-112.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.004 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (776KB) ( 527 )   The gut microbiota is the largest microbial community in the human body. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota is closely related to the health of the whole body. The gut dysbiosis plays an important role in obesity, heart disease, autism, diabetes, et al. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases, manifested as alveolar bone loss, tooth loosening, etc. Recent studies have shown that periodontitis can affect the gut microbiota. This article discusses the effect of periodontitis on the gut microbiota, possible routes, and factors of oral microbiota to influence gut microbiota, in order to provide reference for exploring the correlation between periodontitis and gut microbiota. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Root Resorption in Treatment of Deep Overbite by Clear Aligners and Fixed Appliances ZHU Chenjing, ZHENG Ya, LEI Lang 2023, 39(2): 113-117.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.005 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (1197KB) ( 336 )   Objective: To compare the root resorption of non-extracted patients with deep overbite by clear aligners and fixed appliances, and to explore the influential factors of root resorption of central incisors.Methods: Twenty-one cases treated with fix appliances and 15 cases treated with clear aligners were selected. The panoramic radiographs and lateral view of the skull before and after treatment were examined. The root resorption and the effect of correcting deep overbite were compared. The influence factors of root resorption of central incisors were analyzed. Results: The difference of root resorption between two groups was statistically significant by Mann-Whitney U-test (Z=-2.694, P=0.07), while more overbite correction was observed in the fixed appliance group than the clear aligner group by two independent sample t-test (P=0.027). In addition, changes in the inclination of central incisor and maxilla-mandibular position significantly affected root resorption of central incisors by multivariate logistic regression analysis (P<0.07). Conclusion: Fixed appliance treatment leads to heavier root resorption in the central incisor, which might relate to its better correction of deep overbite and its application of continuous force. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on Osteoblast Differentiation and ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Orthodontic Tooth Movement Model of Rats LIN Weilong, WU Xiaopei, HE Weiwei, AN Feng 2023, 39(2): 118-123.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.006 Abstract ( 166 )   PDF (1872KB) ( 169 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (rhTGF-β1) on ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and osteoblast differentiation in orthodontic tooth movement model of rats. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, rhTGF-β1 low dose group, rhTGF-β1 medium dose group, and rhTGF-β1 high dose group. Orthodontic tooth movement models of rats were established in model group, and rhTGF-β1 low, medium, and high dose groups. Each group was given drugs from the first day of modeling, the rhTGF-β1 (low, medium, and high) dose groups were injected with 0.1 mL of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 ng/mL rhTGF-β1 solution under the mesial gingival mucosa of bilateral maxillary first molars, respectively, and the control group was injected with 0.1 mL normal saline, once every 2 days for 14 days. The movement distance of the rat maxillary first molar was measured. The pathological morphology of periodontal and alveolar bone were observed in rats. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were detected. The expressions of osteogenic related proteins [osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)], and ERK/MAPK pathway related proteins in rat periodontal and alveolar bone tissues were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with those in the control group, the tensile fiber of periodontal tissue in the tension side of rat teeth in the model group was elongated, the tissue gap was widened, the matrix was proliferated, and the number osteoblasts decreased and almost disappeared, showing pathological damage, the movement distance of the maxillary first molar, serum TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK protein expression levels in periodontal and alveolar bone tissues were significantly increased, and serum OPG, expression levels of OCN, OPN, and Runx2 protein in periodontal and alveolar bone tissues were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with those in the model group, the pathological damage of periodontal and alveolar bone in the tension side of rats teeth in the rhTGF-β1 low, medium, and high dose groups was gradually reduced, serum TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK protein expression levels in periodontal and alveolar bone tissues were decreased in turn, the movement distance of the maxillary first molar, serum OPG, expression levels of OCN, OPN, and Runx2 protein in periodontal and alveolar bone tissues were significantly increased in turn (P<0.05), there was a dose-dependent relationship between the groups. Conclusion: rhTGF-β1 can reduce the inflammatory reaction of rat orthodontic tooth movement model, promote osteogenic differentiation, and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, which may be related to inhibiting the activation of ERK/MAPK signal pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Different Periodontal Phenotypes on Stability of Mini-implants LI Haojie, CHEN Xuepeng, ZHONG Jiayong 2023, 39(2): 124-128.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.007 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (1875KB) ( 171 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of different periodontal phenotypes on the stability of orthodontic mini-implants. Methods: One hundred young female patients with skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected, including 50 cases of thin phenotype and 50 cases of thick phenotype. These patients were extracted 2 first premolars and implanted mini-implants between the second premolar and the first molar in the maxilla, both were loaded with 200g immediately. Plaque index(PLI), sulcus bleeding index(SBI), probing depth(PD), and the number of successful cases of two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The values of related indexes and the incidence of peri-implantitis in thin phenotype group were significantly higher than those in the thick group (P＜0.05), and the stability of thin phenotype was significantly lower than that in the thick phenotype group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Periodontal phenotype is an important factor affecting the stability of orthodontic mini-implants, and the stability of thin phenotype is significantly lower than that of the thick group, which is a guide for orthodontists' clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Linear Correlation Between Retraction of Incisors and Soft Tissue Profile Changes in Patients with Bimaxillary Protrusion after Treatment LI Ziwei, FU Yu, SHI Hang, ZHAO Menghan, LIU Yuyan, WANG Yang, SHI Ruixin 2023, 39(2): 129-134.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.008 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (1612KB) ( 222 )   Objective: To study the effect of anterior tooth retraction on soft tissue profile of patients with bimaxillary protrusion and to obtain an accurate linear regression model. Methods: Forty-eight patients extracted four premolars who attended the orthodontic department of Jilin University Stomatology Hospital from February 2012 to April 2019 were selected. The coordinate axes were established, the horizontal reference plane was registered on sella (S) and oriented 7° inferior to the sellanasion (S-N) line as the X-axis, and the perpendicular line through S as the Y-axis (positive values were taken on the right side of the Y-axis and below the X-axis). Cephalometric parameters of related soft and hard tissues were measured and multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed to obtain an accurate linear relationship model between the changes of soft and hard tissues. Results: At the end of the orthodontic treatment, the differences between the upper and lower lips and the nasolabial angle were statistically significant before and after the orthodontic treatment, while the differences between the chinlabial angle before and after the orthodontic treatment were not statistically significant. The sagittal changes of the pogonion of soft tissue, gnathion of soft tissue and menton of soft tissue were all weakly negatively correlated with the occlusal plane angle, the sagittal changes of the pogonion of soft tissue and gnathion of soft tissue were all moderately negatively correlated with the MP-SN angle, the sagittal changes of the menton of soft tissue was negatively correlated with the MP-SN angle. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis: retraction of upper incisor incisal had the greatest effect on both upper lip (Beta=0.509) and lower lip (Beta=0.635) recovery, and the ratio of between the retraction of upper incisor incisal and upper lip was about 2.2∶1.The vertical change of the incisor of the lower incisor had the greatest effect on the vertical change of the upper lip (Beta=0.367) and the lower lip (Beta=0.567). The reduction of the mandibular plane angle caused an anterior shift of the chin soft tissue. Conclusion: Extraction can effectively improve the convex facial profile. In contrast to the lower incisors, the retraction of the upper incisors has the greatest effect on the changes of the lower lip, and the change of the incisal of the upper incisors is the key to the change of the soft tissue of the lip. The reverse rotation of the mandibular plane can mask the underdevelopment of the chin, but extraction alone does not significantly affect the change of the chin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Piezo1 Channel on Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in Periodontal Tissue of Pressure Side During Tooth Movement ZHANG Man, ZHANG Miaomiao, LI Yi, WANG He, ZHANG Yanyun 2023, 39(2): 135-140.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.009 Abstract ( 209 )   PDF (4274KB) ( 267 )   Objective: To investigate the distribution of Piezo1 in the pressure side of periodontal tissue and its effect on the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 by using the orthodontic tooth movement model in rats, and to further understand the role of Piezo1 in the reconstruction of periodontal tissue during orthodontic process. Methods: Sixty male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into group A (control group), group B (force group), and group C (force + inhibitor group), which were further divided into five subgroups according to 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. The teeth movement model was constructed in group B and group C, and Piezo1 inhibitor was locally injected into group C. The rats were sacrificed at the specified time point and the tooth movement distance was measured. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of periodontal tissue on the pressure side, and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of Piezo1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in the periodontal tissue on the pressure side. Results: The displacement distances of teeth in group B and group C increased with time, and the morphological changes of periodontal tissue were obvious. The expressions of Piezo1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between group C and group B except Piezo1 (P>0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were lower at day 3, 5, and 7 (P<0.05), but still higher than those of group A (P<0.05). Conclusion: Piezo1 is involved in the movement of orthodontic teeth, which affects the expression of inflammatory factors and participates in the reconstruction of periodontal tissue of pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Mucosal Thickness and Implant Depth on Crestal Bone Change of Implants ZHANG Bo, RUI Yuxin 2023, 39(2): 141-144.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.010 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (1538KB) ( 253 )   Objective: To explore the effect of different implantation depths and gingival thicknesses on bone remodeling around implants. Methods: From January 2018 to June 2020, 78 patients who received single posterior implantation in the Implant Center of Taiyuan Hamony Long Stomatological Hospital were selected. A total of 96 platform-switching implants were implanted. They were divided into two groups according to the thickness of mucosa: thin gingiva group (< 3 mm) and thick gingiva group (≥ 3 mm). Forty-six implants in thin gingiva group were implanted 1.5 mm below the bone level, 50 implants in the thick gingival group were implanted aligning with the bone level. Digital periapical films were taken immediately after implantation and 6 months and 12 months after prostheses delivered. The changes of bone level in the two groups were measured, respectively. Results: There was no significant difference in bone resorption between thin gingiva group and thick gingiva group 6 and 12 months after prostheses delivered (P>0.05). There was no thread exposure in thin gingiva group. Conclusion: The bone level of the implant can be maintained by placing the platform-switching implants into a suitable position under the bone level so as to make up for the lack of soft tissue thickness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Potential Bone Quantity Harvested From Anterior Nasal Spine Area Based on CBCT Three-dimensional Reconstruction SHI Wenqiang, LAN Hua, DU Xingping, ZHANG Lei 2023, 39(2): 145-150.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.011 Abstract ( 166 )   PDF (1954KB) ( 183 )   Objective: To measure the potential bone quantity harvested from the anterior nasal spine area by CBCT three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction, and to provide reference for the clinical application of the area as a site for autogenous bone harvesting. Methods: The CBCT data of 300 cases were imported into Mimics software. According to gender, age, and nasopalatine canal, the related parameters were statistically analyzed.Results: The potential bone volumes of the area in men and women were (377.05±115.69)mm3 and (334.33±109.75)mm3, respectively (P<0.05). The potential bone volumes of the young group, middle-aged group, and elderly group were (331.70±101.51)mm3, (371.26±122.64)mm3,and (375.46±118.05)mm3, respectively. The volumes of middle-aged group and the elderly group were larger than that of young group (P<0.05). The potential bone volumes of the funnel-shaped group, hourglass-shaped group, cylindrical group, and spindle-shaped group were (321.83±119.28)mm3, (391.44±117.21)mm3, (353.03±108.44)mm3,and (344.09±103.24)mm3, respectively. The volume of hourglass-shaped group was larger than those of other three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The anterior nasal spine area can be used as autogenous bone harvesting site for bone augmentation in the upper anterior teeth area. Preoperative CBCT 3D reconstruction can be used to measure and evaluate the potential bone quantity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term Clinical Application of Dentin Slices in Horizontal Bone Augmentation ZENG Tingwen, ZHAO Yingqiong, ZHANG Jingyang 2023, 39(2): 151-155.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.012 Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (2440KB) ( 148 )   Objective: To observe the clinical effect of autogenous dentin slices technique in the case of severe shortage of horizontal alveolar bone. Methods: Dentin slices which made from useless autologous teeth or third molars were combined with bone alternative materials to reconstruct the horizontal alveolar bone defects. The implants were delay implanted. Clinical prognosis, imaging comparison, implant survival rate, and patient satisfaction were assessed after the bone augmentation surgery. Results: The bone contour recovered well, the bone width in the bone defect area increased significantly, the implant obtained good osseointegration, the implant survival rate was 100% during the observation period, and the patient's satisfaction was high. Conclusion: The dentin slices technique made a good performance in the bone horizontal augmentation, which is a potential new way to reconstruct bone defect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Materials and Apical Operations on Root Canal Sealing MENG Weitao, YIN Jinping, ZHANG Xiaoya, LIN Huajie, WANG Jing 2023, 39(2): 156-159.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.013 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 275 )   Objective: To evaluate the root canal sealing effect of MTA and iRoot BP Plus in two different apical operations, i.e. root canal orthograde filling and retrograde root canal filling. Methods: Forty mandibular permanent premolars with single root canal were collected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=8) and two control groups (n=4) after root canal preparation. Group A was orthograde filled with MTA. Group B was orthograde filled with iRoot BP Plus. Group C was retrograde filled with MTA. Group D was retrograde filled with iRoot BP Plus. Group M was the positive control group. Group N was the negative control group. Indian ink staining technique and transparent tooth technique were used to evaluate the root canal sealing effect of two materials under two different conditions, i.e. root canal orthograde filling and retrograde root canal filling. Results: Different degrees of dye infiltration could be seen in each experimental group, and the microleakage in group A and B was slightly higher than that in group C and D, but there was no significant difference in apical leakage among different groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: MTA and iRoot BP Plus can achieve the same apical sealing effect under two different filling conditions. For some special apical lesions and difficulty in hemostasis, apical resection after MTA or iRoot BP Plus orthograde root canal filling can be chosen as an effective alternative. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study of Blood Flow Changes after Vital Pulp Therapy in Carious Pulp-exposed Mature Permanent Teeth ZHANG Ran, HU Yuping, WEI Fangyuan, QIN Yanning, LI Shufang 2023, 39(2): 160-163.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.014 Abstract ( 187 )   PDF (775KB) ( 239 )   Objective: To detect the trend of pulpal blood flow (PBF) regression after vital pulp therapy (VPT) of pulp-exposed mature permanent teeth by Laser Doppler flowmetry (LED). Methods: A total of 60 asymptomatic mature permanent teeth with deep caries or secondary caries were collected from the department of Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities from January 2020 to January 2021, which were randomly divided into control group and experimental group with 30 cases in each group. MTA and iRoot BP Plus were used for VPT respectively. LDF was used to record PBF values for each group of teeth before therapy and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The changes of blood flow values before and after treatment in each group and the blood flow values between two groups at the same observation time point were also analyzed and compared. Results: For iRoot BP Plus group, the differences of blood flow were statistically significant between the preoperative and the postoperative 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively, and between the postoperative 3 months and 6 months (P<0.05), while the differences between any of the remaining two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). For MTA group, the difference of blood flow was statistically significant between the preoperative and the postoperative 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (P<0.05), respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between any two groups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (P>0.05). The flow values of iRoot BP Plus at 3 months postoperatively was slightly higher than that of the MTA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Clinically, for mature permanent teeth with caries exposure, VPT with iRoot BP Plus or MTA can achieve good clinical efficacy. After 1-year follow-up, the blood flow values of iRoot BP Plus group and MTA group can return to the normal clinical reference range, among which the blood flow of MTA group remained stable after decreasing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of 532 nm Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation on Enamel Surface after Interproximal Enamel Reduction YI Zhou, ZOU Zhaohui, WANG Yue, XIE Bingxin, ZUO Zhigang, YU Xin 2023, 39(2): 164-167.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.015 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (2291KB) ( 178 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of 532nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation on enamel surface after interproximal enamel reduction. Methods: The tooth models with interproximal enamel reduction were established, and divided into control group, fluorine preparation group, and different power laser combined with synergist groups according to different treatment methods. The enamel surface topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The amount of streptococcus mutans adhesion was measured by the plate count method. Results: The surface topographies measured by SEM in the 2.2 W laser irradiation group was significantly smoother compared to other groups. The amount of bacterial adhesion on the enamel surface in groups excluding the 2.8 W and 3.0 W laser groups was less than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the 2.4W laser irradiation group had the minimum amount of bacterial adhesion, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with the 2.2 W laser group (P>0.05). Conclusion: 2.2 W Nd:YAG laser irradiation combined with synergist can safely and significantly reduce the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of enamel with interproximal enamel reduction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Proximal Margin Elevation for Posterior Teeth on Periodontal Health JING Yao, WU Fei, XIAO Mo, QIAO Feng, YUAN Yuan, GUO Honglei, PEI Haiyan, MIAO Hui, WU Ligeng 2023, 39(2): 168-173.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.016 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (4354KB) ( 257 )   Objective: To observe the effect of proximal margin elevation on periodontal probing bleeding in patients with deep subgingival caries by using different gingival wall treatments and matrix systems. Methods: Thirty-six cases with deep subgingival caries were treated with gingival retraction, electrosurgical gingivotomy, and flap surgery, respectively to elevate the subgingival defect above the gingiva and complete the direct filling with composite resin. Three months after the treatments, the patients were examined the bleeding on probing (BOP). The effects of gender, age, tooth type, type of matrixs, pulp vitality, and treatment on BOP were preliminary determined by univariate analysis and optimal scale. Unconditional logistic regression model was established to screen the factors affecting BOP. Results: The type of matrixs affected BOP (P=0.009): the bleeding rate of personalized trimmed Ivory matrix was higher than that of segmented matrix. Age, gender, tooth type, pulp vitality, and treatment had no significant effect on BOP (P>0.05). Conclusion: The type of matrixs affect BOP. Gingival retraction, electrosurgical gingivotomy, and flap surgery had no significant effect on BOP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fusion of Right Mandibular Molar and Deformed Supernumerary Teeth with Apical Resorption: A Case Report and Literature Review XU Laijun, TANG Junshu, LI Jingru 2023, 39(2): 174-176.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.017 Abstract ( 255 )   PDF (3613KB) ( 233 )   Fusion teeth is caused by two adjacent dentins fusion, occurred in both deciduous and permanent dentitions,but it rarely occurred in permanent molars. Herein, we reported a right mandibular permanent molar fused with a deformed supernumerary tooth with apical resorption caused by chronic apical periodontitis, and its clinical and imaging examinations are described. Through literature review, the etiology and treatment approaches are discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case Report of Late-developing Supernumerary Teeth Found after Orthodontic Treatment ZHANG Kepeng, LIU Xinyu, LI Xinyi, KANG Fujia, YU Xiaoyi, ZHU Xianchun 2023, 39(2): 177-179.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.018 Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (4912KB) ( 307 )   This paper presents one case of late-developing supernumerary premolars. A 10-year-old female patient was found with a premolar supernumerary tooth after orthodontic treatment. Through comparing the images before and after treatment, it was diagnosed as late-developing supernumerary teeth. The patient did not have clinical symptoms caused by supernumerary teeth during orthodontic treatment. After assessing the risk of tooth extraction, we decided to keep the tooth temporarily and made a regular observation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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One Case of Socket Shield Technique for Immediate Implantation in Aesthetic Zone JIA Shuqing, HE Zhixiao, SONG Wenjuan, SA Yue 2023, 39(2): 180-182.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.02.019 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (3554KB) ( 207 )   The blood supply of the labial bone in the anterior teeth mainly relies on periodontal ligament and gingiva. Once the tooth in this area is lost,the labial bone plate will collapse due to the absence of blood from the periodontal ligament. To solve this problem, scholars have proposed various solutions. The "socket shield technique" is one of the solutions. In this study, we applied this technique to treat a patient whose right central incisor was broken and received good aesthetic result. References | Related Articles | Metrics