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28 December 2023, Volume 39 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Diagnostic Thoughts to Difficult and Complicated Oral Mucosal Diseases ZHOU Gang, HE Mingjing 2023, 39(12): 1033-1036.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.001 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (2335KB) ( 141 )   Difficult and complicated diseases refer to a class of diseases with complex etiology, difficult to diagnose, and difficult to treat. Oral mucosal disease is described as a series of disorders or conditions affecting the mucosa and soft tissue in the oral cavity. In particular, the intricacy of difficult and complicated oral mucosal diseases makes differential diagnosis and diagnosis rather challenging. This paper analyzes the characteristics of difficult and complicated oral mucosal diseases by combined with clinical case studies, and summarize "four must-dos" and "five-direction" diagnostic reasoning process, so as to provide assistance for oral clinicians. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Platform Switching Technology in Oral Implant ZHANG Ni, MENG Weiyan 2023, 39(12): 1037-1041.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.002 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (804KB) ( 383 )   Platform switching technology refers to the method that a smaller diameter abutment is connected to the implant to allow the implant-abutment combination to move inward toward the central axis of the implant in the process of implant restoration. Many case reports and clinical studies have shown that the platform switching technique reduced the marginal bone loss around implants, and played a positive role in improving peri-implant stress distribution, restoring biological width, and building healthy soft tissue morphology. This article reviews the clinical application of platform switching technology in implant restoration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Notch Signaling Pathway in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Review LI Zhi, CHEN Wei 2023, 39(12): 1042-1045.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.003 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (1518KB) ( 157 )   Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare kind of malignancy in secretory glands, usually occurs in salivary glands. It is characterized by perineural invasion and early hematogenous metastasis, presenting difficulties to its clinical treatment. Recent studies have found that Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in the development and metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma, and presents attractive prognostic indicators and drug targets. This article reviews the research progress of regulatory mechanisms and drug targets in adenoid cystic carcinoma based on Notch signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Carnoy's Solution in Adjuvant Treatment of Jaw Cystic Lesions: A Review MAN Qiwen, WANG Hanqi 2023, 39(12): 1046-1049.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.004 Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (784KB) ( 139 )   Odontogenic keratocysts and unicystic ameloblastomas are common benign lesions of the jaw but are locally aggressive. The above-mentioned lesions are all prone to occur in adolescents, and are more common in the posterior part of the jaw or the ascending ramus. Due to the limited field of view in the operation area and the high invasion ability of the lesion itself, there is often a high postoperative recurrence rate after simple curettage or decompression, and surgical methods combined with adjuvant therapy such as physical or chemical treatment can significantly reduce the recurrence. Carnoy's solution is a chemical fixative used early in clinical practice. Carnoy's solution has been widely verified in the adjuvant treatment of cystic lesions of the jaw, especially odontogenic keratocyst. However, some clinicians still have concerns about the indications and safety of the clinical application of Carnoy's solution. This review introduces the principle, effectiveness, and safety of Carnoy's solution and its modified patterns in treatment of jaw cystic lesions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Novel Oral Bacteriostatic Agents Based on Antimicrobial Peptides on Oral Bacterial Biofilms MIN Yifan, XIANG Yonggang, HU Ziqiu, MAO Min, XIA Lingyun 2023, 39(12): 1050-1055.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.005 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (3935KB) ( 384 )   Objective: To evaluate the effect of novel oral bacteriostatic agents based on antimicrobial peptides on oral bacterial biofilms by in vitro model. Methods: A 3-day-old oral bacterial biofilm model was constructed, and the effects of different contents on oral bacterial biofilm sterilization and inhibition of biofilm formation were analyzed by laser confocal microscopy and crystal violet staining experiment. Results: The antibacterial peptide buCaTHL4B had strong bactericidal ability against mature oral bacterial biofilms, and its sterilization rate was (42.4±2.7)%. When buCaTHL4B was used in combination with different concentrations of lysozyme solution and EDTA, the sterilization rates were [MIX 1:(49.2±1.8)%;MIX 2:(59.5±1.8)% and MIX 3:(59.2±1.7)%], respectively, which were better than those used alone (P<0.01). buCaTHL4B had a more durable bactericidal effect when combined with lysozyme at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. buCaTHL4B could inhibit biofilm formation more significantly when combined with lysozyme at a concentration of 10 mg/mL than buCaTHL4B alone. Conclusion: The mixed bacteriostatic solution based on small molecule polypeptide buCaTHL4B has good effect on the oral bacterial killing and formation inhibiting of biofilm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of NaClO and EDTA Pretreatment on Resin Infiltration of Enamel White Spot Lesions: An in vitro Study NI Ke, WANG Yan, HE Jingyu, LI Yingmei, MA Yanhong, MENG Jian, MENG Qingfei 2023, 39(12): 1056-1062.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.006 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (5043KB) ( 176 )   Objective: To compare the effect of different pretreatment agents on the pore exposure rate of the enamel surface, resin infiltration effectiveness, and surface microhardness of WSLs. Methods: A 4 mm×4 mm×2 mm enamel block from 96 sound premolars was cut in the center of the buccal surface of the teeth. The in vitro demineralization models of WSLs were established after placing the enamel blocks in the demineralization solution for 3 days. All samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24): The samples in Group A given no pretreatment were control; Group B was pretreated with 5.25% NaClO solution; Group C was pretreated with 17% EDTA solution; Group D was pretreated with 5.25% NaClO and 17% EDTA solutions. All samples were etched with 15% hydrochloric acid after pretreatments. Eight samples of each group were used to calculate the exposure area and exposure rate of the pores in enamel surfaces. Another 8 samples were collected and used for evaluating the penetration depths and penetration area percentage after resin infiltration treatment of WSLs. The remaining 8 samples in each group were used to measure the surface microhardness of the enamel before and after resin infiltration. Results: Compared with group A, the exposed area and rate, resin penetration depth and percentage of penetration area, and surface microhardness of enamel in groups B, C, and D were significantly improved (P<0.05). After pretreated with 17% EDTA or 5.25% NaClO combined with 17% EDTA, the microhardness of demineralized enamel in groups C and D was significantly lower than that in groups A and B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Surface pretreatment with 5.25% NaClO or 17% EDTA can significantly increase enamel pore exposure rate, resin penetration depth, and surface microhardness, but pretreatment with 17%EDTA can reduce the microhardness of demineralized enamel. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and Analysis of Keratinized Gingival Width in Keratinized Gingival Augmentation Procedure KE Xiaojing, ZHOU Wei, LI Yanfen, TAN Baochun, LI Houxuan 2023, 39(12): 1063-1068.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.007 Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (1942KB) ( 336 )   Objective: To compare the difference of keratinized gingival width increments by three methods and provide a reference for the measurement standard of clinical keratinized gingival width. Methods: Totally 46 patients who underwent keratinized gingival widening surgery in the Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from December 2020 to May 2022 were included, and were randomly divided into experimental group (grafted with absorbable gradient membrane) and control group (grafted with autogenous free gingival). Three methods were used to measure the width of keratinized gingival (KW) before operation and 6 months after operation: buccal midpoint method, buccal mesial/central/distal point method, and custom point method. The difference of KW increments between three groups was calculated according to the whole group, different partitions, and different tooth number. Results: Overall, there was no significant difference in KW increments between three groups (P>0.05). In terms of the surgical area, there was no significant difference in KW increment between three measurement methods in the anterior area (P>0.05), but in the posterior area, there was a significant difference between method 3 and method 1 in the experimental group (P=0.04), and there was no significant difference among three groups in the control group (P>0.05). When the number of teeth was less than 3, there was no significant difference in KW increments in both groups (P>0.05). When the number of teeth was 3 or more, the KW increment difference between method 3 and method 1 in the test group was statistically significant (P=0.006), and the difference between method 3 and method 2 was also statistically significant (P=0.017), while the difference between three groups in the control group was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The three measurement methods of KW are feasible for the evaluation of keratinized gingival wide increment. The most convenient buccal midpoint method can be preferred for clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Evaluation of CGF Assisted Treatment of Miller Class Ⅰ Gingival Recession CAI Songmei, WANG Yong 2023, 39(12): 1069-1074.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.008 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (2324KB) ( 152 )   Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of concentrate growth factors (CGF) combined with connective tissue graft (CTG) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) for the treatment of Miller Class Ⅰ gingival recession (GR). Methods: Thirty GR patients with Miller Class Ⅰ (42 sites) were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (CAF+CTG+CGF) and control group (CAF+CTG), with 15 cases in each group. The postoperative effects of the two groups were compared. Results: Six months after operation, the decrease of gingival recession height and width, the increase of keratinized tissue width, and the score of numerical rating scale (used to estimate postoperative pain and swelling) at 24 h, 2 d, and 7 d after surgery were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the complete root coverage between experimental group (90.90%) and control group (65.00%, P>0.05). Conclusion: CGF, as an auxiliary material for CAF+CTG, can reduce the height and width of gingival recession 6 months after surgery, increase the keratinized tissue width, and ameliorate the pain and swelling at 24 h, 2 d, and 7 d after surgery, which opens up a new idea for the treatment of GR. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between Schneiderian Membrane Thickness and Characteristics of Periodontal Tissues Based on CBCT Analysis YANG Ke, SONG Qian, FU Yating, LIU Hua 2023, 39(12): 1075-1079.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.009 Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (1354KB) ( 51 )   Objective: To analyze the correlation between Schneidirian membrane thickness and periodontal tissue characteristics through CBCT images. Methods: Fifty-five participants who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study to measure the width of the labial keratinized gingiva of the upper anterior teeth. CBCT was conducted to radiograph the distance between cemento-enamel junction and bone crest of the upper anterior teeth, the gingival thickness, and the thickness of the schneiderian membrane, with aim to analyze the correlation between the thickness of mucous membrane of maxillary sinus and the characteristics of periodontal tissue. Results: The correlation coefficient of Person-related analysis between gingival thickness and Schneiderian membrane thickness was 0.275, indicating a weak positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between gingival thickness to keratinized gingival width was 0.662, suggesting a correlation between them. There was no significant correlation between the rest of indicators. The correlation between Schneiderian membrane thickness and gingival thickness was conducted with univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis and the regression coefficients were 0.324 and 0.337 (P<0.05). Conclusion: There may be some correlation between the gingival thickness and the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa, however, further research is required to confirm this. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Registration Status of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Trials Based on ClinicalTrials.gov Database WANG Ren, ZHOU Shijie, GUO Jincai 2023, 39(12): 1080-1084.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.010 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (878KB) ( 103 )   Objective: To investigate the current status and trends of clinical research in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) worldwide based on Clinicaltrials.gov, and to provide new ideas for clinical research and treatment of OSCC. Methods: The data of clinical trials for OSCC registered on Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception to March, 2023. Statistical analysis was performed on the annual trend, regional distribution, clinical stage, type of study and number of subjects, sources of funds, and number of institutions. Results: A total of 332 clinical registries of OSCC were included, with the top three countries with the highest number of registrations being the United States (188,56.63%),China (37,11.14%),and France (18,5.42%). 83.43% were intervention studies and 16.57% were observational studies. Within 277 intervention trials, 204 were drug intervention clinical trials (73.65%), of which 79 were monoclonal antibody drug studies (28.52%) and 60 items were cisplatin (21.66%). Within 119 parallel trials, 105 (88.24%) were randomized and 44 (36.97%) were blinded. About one-third (111,33.43%) of the 332 studies were assigned to phase II trials, with more than half (177,53.31%) having fewer than 50 participants. Conclusion: Regional imbalance exists in clinical studies of OSCC, and high quality clinical studies with multi-center, large sample, and triple blind control are insufficient. Therefore, training and review of clinical trial registration should be strengthened to promote the high quality clinical trials of OSCC. It might be helpful for promoting the optimization of treatment programs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of SDC4 in Perineural Invasion of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ZHANG Yanning, SHI Hong, LI Hexiang, WANG Jie, HAO Yali, WANG Xu, YUAN Yunyun 2023, 39(12): 1085-1091.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.011 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (10880KB) ( 70 )   Objective: To investigate the role of SDC4 in the perineural invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma induced by CXCL12. Methods: Transwell assay was used to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of CXCL12 on the chemotaxis of SACC-83 cells. Immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to validate the interactions between SDC4 and CXCL12. The expression of SDC4 in the SACC-83 cells was silenced by viral transfection by constructing lentivirus-expressing shRNA targeting SDC4. The effect of SDC4 silencing on the proliferation and migration was assessed via the CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays. An in vivo perineural invasion model was used to prove the effect of SDC4 silencing on the perineural invasion of the SACC-83 cells. Results: CXCL12 induced the migration of SACC-83 cell in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). Co-immunoprecipitation studies validated these interactions between SDC4 and CXCL12. Furthermore, SDC4 gene expression was silenced by RNAi and verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. The migration and chemotactic efficiency of the SACC-83 cells induced by CXCL12 were significantly decreased via SDC4 silencing (P<0.05). While the proliferation of the SACC-83-SDC4-silenced cells showed no difference compared to that of SACC-83 cells (P>0.05). The perineural invasion ability was significantly inhibited by SDC4 silencing in vivo (P<0.05). Conclusion: SDC4 involved in the perineural invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma through interaction with CXCL12. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Efficacy of Mask-RCNN Models with Different Layers in Automatic Detection of Ameloblastoma LAI Danlin, XU Liang, NI Jianzhao, ZHU Xiaofeng, HUANG Xiaohong 2023, 39(12): 1092-1096.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.012 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (1562KB) ( 98 )   Objective: To compare the performance of different layers of ResNet models in CT image detection of Ameloblastoma(AME), which uses artificial intelligence deep learning with Mask-RCNN. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on CT image data of AME patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from April 2018 to August 2020. In the study, 79 patients were included based on specific criteria. After preprocessing, we obtained 3566 images, which were divided into training, validation, and test sets in an 8∶1∶1 ratio randomly. After ResNet-18, ResNet-50, and ResNet-101 models were employed for training, automatic tumor detection was achieved, and metrics such as Dice coefficient, average accuracy, and detection time were evaluated. Results: Compared to ResNet-18 and ResNet-50, the ResNet-101 model exhibited the best performance in automatic detection, with a Dice coefficient of 0.87 and an average accuracy AP(IOU 0.50∶0.95) of 0.74. However, this model also had the longest detection time, approximately 0.33 seconds. Conclusion: The Mask-RCNN model with different layers can realize the automatic detection of AME.Among the models studied, ResNet-101 demonstrated the most favorable detection performance, though a longer detection time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Magnesium Ions on Biological Activity of Human Maxillary Sinus Membrane Stem Cells ZHANG Zhihao, ZHANG Xiuxiu, ZHAO Sinan, GONG Ning, WANG Ying, TAN Fei 2023, 39(12): 1097-1105.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.013 Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (13881KB) ( 80 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of magnesium ions (Mg2+) on the biological behavior of human maxillary sinus membrane stem cells (hMSMSCs). Methods: hMSMSCs were extracted in vitro, and flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation experiments were conducted to identify their mesenchymal stem cell characteristics. Subsequently, the cells were cultured at concentrations of 0.8 mmol/L, 1.8 mmol/L, 2.8 mmol/L, and 5.8 mmol/L of Mg2+. Cell adhesion and proliferation of hMSMSCs were evaluated using CCK-8 assay and Calcein AM/PI staining, while cell adhesion extension was assessed using Rhodamine phalloidin-DAPI staining. ALP activity, ALP staining, and Alizarin Red staining were performed on hMSMSCs after osteogenic induction culture, and qRT-PCR experiments were conducted to detect the expression differences of osteogenic-related growth factors. Results: Optimal concentration of Mg2+ effectively improved cell adhesion, extension, and proliferation of hMSMSCs. 1.8 mmol/L Mg2+ enhanced ALP activity in hMSMSCs, significantly improved extracellular calcium nodule formation, and upregulated the expression of osteogenic-related genes. Conversely, excessively high Mg2+ concentrations inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hMSMSCs (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Appropriate concentration of Mg2+ (1.8 mmol/L) promotes cell spreading and adhesion of hMSMSCs, facilitating proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Parapharyngeal Neuroglial Heterotopia with Cleft Palate in Infants: A Case LI Yiying, YANG Xuecai 2023, 39(12): 1106-1108.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.014 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (2383KB) ( 96 )   Neuroglial heterotopia is a rare congenital malformation, commonly seen in the nose and extremely rare in the parapharyngeal space. This article reports a case of parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia with cleft palate in an infant. A retrospective analysis is conducted to deepen our understanding of this disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Death Caused by Injection of Hyaluronic Acid and Multiple Space Infection in Maxillofacial Region GOU Yurou, LUO Lei, XU Biao 2023, 39(12): 1109-1111.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.015 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (3807KB) ( 140 )   Hyaluronic acid is mainly used in the field of medical beauty at present. Complications of hyaluronic acid injection often occur, however, the leading to maxillofacial space infection or even death is extremely rare. A female patient with submandibular multiple space infection caused by injection of hyaluronic acid was admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery affiliated to Kunming Medical University. After 10 days of injection of hyaluronic acid, the patient began to show signs of infection. After 40 days of injection, she was admitted to our hospital. After consultation with multidisciplinary experts, the patient was given active anti-infection treatment and symptomatic support treatment. However, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate and finally she died. In this paper, the case was reviewed and the literature was reviewed for discussion by clinicians. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Immediate Implantation in Maxillary Aesthetic Zone Using Socket-Shield Technique XUE Yufei, ZHU Yuxi, ZHOU Yi 2023, 39(12): 1112-1115.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2023.12.016 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (3919KB) ( 198 )   This article reports a case of immediate implantation using socket-shield technique in the aesthetic zone. In traditional immediate implant surgery, the labial bone plate may suffer from aesthetic problems such as soft and hard tissue defects due to tooth extraction trauma or reduced blood supply. The shield technique can preserve part of the buccal root piece and the buccal periodontal ligament bundle-bone complex, thereby maintaining the contours of soft and hard tissue and achieving a more ideal aesthetic effect. Studies have shown that the 10-year success rate of shield technique is 87.9%. However, it is very important for shield technique to strictly grasp the indications and contraindications before surgery. The patient in this case meets the indications for shield technique, and the postoperative aesthetic results are good. References | Related Articles | Metrics