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28 January 2024, Volume 40 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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S3 Level Oral Clinical Practice Guideline and Its Development and Application in China CHEN Zhi, HUANG Xinyue 2024, 40(1): 1-5.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.001 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (1167KB) ( 155 )   The emergence of newly international S3 level oral guideline provides the high quality recommendations for oral disease management. The adoption and adaptation of international guidelines should combine with the actual situation of our country. This article aims to introduce the classification system and basic methodology of the S3 level guidelines, and briefly introduce the current status of the adaptation and localization of the guideline in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Prevention and Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Children GUO Jincai, ZHOU Honghui 2024, 40(1): 6-10.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.002 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (842KB) ( 144 )   Oral mucositis is a common complication in pediatric oncology patients after chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, which is characterized by high incidence and tricky prevention and treatment. In recent years, scholars have conducted clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of some methods to prevent and treat oral mucositis in children, such as palifermin, laser, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, supersaturated calcium phosphate, chlorhexidine, mucosamin spray, polaprezinc zinc-L-carnosine, honey, and vitamin E. This paper presents a review of clinical studies on the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in children, with the aim to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential and Challenges of Generative AI in Oral Medicine SU Liwen, WU Yang 2024, 40(1): 11-17.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.003 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (998KB) ( 405 )   As an essential branch of artificial intelligence (AI), generative AI has made significant progress in various domains in recent years. In the field of medicine, generative AI is also believed to hold tremendous potential for application. However, with the continuous development of this technology, it becomes imperative to address the ethical challenges and risks associated with it. This paper aims to explore generative AI, particularly the technology based on large language models (LLM), and provide valuable insights for further harnessing its potential in oral medicine research, clinical practice, and education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Vacuum Sealing Drainage System in Treatment of Firearm Injuries in Oral, Maxillofacial, Head, and Neck Regions HUANG Xiaoyong, GAO Zhan 2024, 40(1): 18-22.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.004 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (851KB) ( 121 )   Oral, maxillofacial, head, and neck firearm injuries are high incidence injuries and common injuries in modern warfare, which are characterised by high risk of infection and high lethality. Negative pressure sealing drainage (vacuum sealing drainage, VSD) has a more mature application in the clinic and the therapeutic effect is remarkable. In recent years, it has been found that VSD can effectively promote drainage and prevent wound infection in the treatment of firearm injuries, and VSD is expected to become the preferred method in the treatment of firearm injuries in the oral and maxillofacial head and neck region. In this paper, the advantages and research progress of VSD technology in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial head and neck firearms injuries are reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mandible Defect Reconstruction by Intraoral Anastomosis of Iliac Crest Bone Flap BU Linlin, ZHANG Hongyu, CAO Leiming, LIU Bing, JIA Jun 2024, 40(1): 23-28.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.005 Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (8757KB) ( 113 )   Objective: To introduce the operation and advantages of intraoral vascular anastomosis technology combined with vascularized iliac crest flap transplantation in mandibular reconstruction during the era of digital surgery, and to explore the clinical application of intraoral vascular anastomosis technology. Methods: Three patients with benign tumors of jawbones who underwent jawbone resection and simultaneous repair in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University in 2022 were selected. Preoperative CT scans of the mandible and ilium were performed on the patients. Virtual surgical planning was made and osteotomy cutting guides were designed and produced. Tumors in two cases were resected through intraoral approach and in one case was resected through extra-oral approach. Iliac crest flap with pedicle was harvested. The facial artery and vein were used as recipient vessels to perform vascular anastomosis with the vascular pedicle of the iliac crest flap to reconstruct and repair the mandibular defect. Follow-up visits were conducted to evaluate the postoperative recovery of patients. Results: All three surgeries were successful. Two patients had no extraoral incision, and one patient had only extra-oral incision because of the primary lesion resection. Patients recovered well postoperatively. The mandibular structure was basically symmetrical and aesthetic. Conclusion: The combination of intraoral anastomosis technology, iliac crest flap, and virtual surgical planning can achieve good postoperative results. Intraoral anastomosis technology can not only reconstruct mandibular lesions after intraoral resection, but also has certain advantages for cases requiring extra-oral approach to resect lesions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Prophylactic Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy on Postoperative Infection in Oral Cancer Patients Underwent Radical Resection along with Reconstruction Parekejiang·PATAER, LI Chenxi, Keremu·ABASI, HU Lulu, FANG Chang, GONG Zhongcheng 2024, 40(1): 29-34.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.006 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (865KB) ( 47 )   Objective: To investigate the effects of different types of enteral nutrition on surgical site infection after extensive resection and simultaneous reconstruction of patients with oral cancer. Methods: The data of patients who underwent oral cancer radical resection along with reconstruction at Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different enteral nutrition, the patients were divided into the group of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (26 cases), group of nasogastric tube (54 cases), and group of oral feeding (33 cases). The changes of postoperative surgical site infection rate and flap necrosis rate among three groups were analyzed through SPSS 25.0 statistical software. Results: The postoperative surgical site infection rate in the group treated with prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was significantly lower than that in nasogastric tube group and oral feeding group (P<0.05). The rate of flap necrosis had no statistical significance among three groups (P>0.05). The difference of body mass index, total protein, albumin, creatinine, and hematocrit between admission and 6 weeks after surgery was significantly different among three groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy can effectively reduce the flap infection rate after extensive resection along with simultaneous reconstruction of oral cancer cases, which is worthy of clinical promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Analysis of Different Types of Tracheal Cannulas Combined with Self-made Blockage Tubes for Postoperative Complications after Tracheotomy LI Shensui, TIAN Xudong, WANG Weili, TANG Zhenglong 2024, 40(1): 35-39.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.007 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (1517KB) ( 81 )   Objective: To explore the clinical analysis of complications after gas resection in oral and maxillofacial patients using a combination of balloon cannula, metal tracheal cannula, and self-made blockage tube. Methods: The study subjects selected 100 patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial tracheostomy at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from June 2020 to August 2023, and conducted a retrospective analysis of their clinical data. The patients were randomly divided into a group with airbag cannula (47 cases) and a group with airbag cannula and metal cannula (53 cases). Both groups were combined with self-made cannulas. Clinical data, hospitalization time, clinical analysis, treatment methods, pathogenic bacteria of postoperative complications and pneumonia, and relevant factors for pneumonia after gas resection were analyzed. Results: After tracheotomy, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia was 36.00%. Compared with the airbag+metal group, the incidence rate of the airbag group was 2.12% (P<0.001), the incidence of bleeding was 1%, and subcutaneous emphysema was 1%. The airbag group did not experience tube detachment, while the incidence of tube detachment in the airbag+metal group was 20%. All patients did not experience breathing difficulties, difficulty in extubation, or tracheoesophageal fistula. In addition, the results of univariate analysis showed that patients with smoking history, and drinking history had a higher incidence of pneumonia after tracheotomy, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis found that the duration of tracheal cannula removal and the type of tracheal cannula were comprehensive risk factors for pneumonia after gas resection (OR=0.021, 95%CI:0.002-0.19, P<0.001). Conclusion: After tracheotomy in oral and maxillofacial patients, the routine use of balloon cannula combined with self-made blockage tube can reduce patient hospitalization time, postoperative complications, and the occurrence of pneumonia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Dimensional Stability of Resin Substrates for 3D Printed Complete Dentures LI Kai, ZHANG Yan, AI Lin, ZHAO Yanfang, WU Yulu, WANG Cuilei 2024, 40(1): 40-45.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.008 Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (3414KB) ( 100 )   Objective: To quantitatively evaluate the deformation of tissue surface and each functional area of maxillary complete denture substrate printed by digital light processing (DLP) technology over a 14-day period. Methods: Six pairs of maxillary complete denture substrates were designed and printed using DLP technology based on a standard maxillary edentulous plaster model. The tissue surfaces of the substrates were scanned on day 1, 7, and 14 after printing. The scanned data and design files were imported into Geomagic 2014 software for best-fit alignment and 3D morphological deviation analysis. Further, the maxillary tissue surface was subdivided into primary stress-bearing area, secondary stress-bearing area, border seal area, relief area, and post dam area in the software, and the deformation of each functional area was quantified and analyzed over 14 days. Results: The results of 3D morphometric analysis showed that the substrate tissue surface had the greatest deformation in the bilateral maxillary tuberosity region and the post dam region in the opposite direction. The analysis of the functional areas showed that the functional areas with the least deformation were, in order, the relief area, the secondary stress-bearing area, the primary stress-bearing area, the border seal area, and the post dam area. Conclusion: The 3D printed maxillary complete denture base will undergo some deformation over time, with different amounts of deformation in each functional area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Configuration and Influencing Factors of C-shaped Root Canal in Mandibular Second Molars by CBCT LIN Taiwei, LIU Ming 2024, 40(1): 46-50.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.009 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (2016KB) ( 123 )   Objective: To evaluate the morphology of C-shaped root canal in mandibular second molars by CBCT. Methods: Digitized CBCT images from 579 subjects with C-shaped root canal in mandibular second molar were obtained. The incidence of symmetry, the root groove, and canal morphology in different cross sections were analyzed. Results: The incidence of symmetry was 80.0%. Four hundred and six mandibular second molars with C-shaped canal showed significant differences in the root canal configuration of root canal orifice, middle, and apical (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in the root canal configuration of middle and apical of root canal between males and females (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in the root canal configuration of three cross-sections between 18-25 and 26-50 age groups (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in the root canal configuration between the teeth with single lingual groove and with both buccal and lingual groove. Conclusion: Using CBCT can accurately determine the configuration and orientation of the C-shaped root canal of mandibular second molar, which helps diagnose and treat complex C-shaped root canals. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sealing Effectiveness of MTA, iRoot BP Plus, and nRoot BP in Treatment of Furcation Perforation In Vitro ZHANG Yanli, XIAO Haibo, TAO Huimin, CHEN Qiao 2024, 40(1): 51-55.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.010 Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (2186KB) ( 115 )   Objective: To evaluate the sealing ability and marginal adaptability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Group A), iRoot BP Plus (Group B), and nRoot BP (Group C) in the treatment of perforation in vitro. Methods: Sixty-two teeth, which were access opened and prepared furcation perforations, were randomly divided into three experimental groups (A, B, C, n=18) and two controls (D, E, n=4). Following the repair procedure, four samples from three experimental groups were randomly selected to measure the gap between the pulpal floor and the repair material with a scanning electron microscope, and the other specimens were immersed in 1% basic fuchsine solution for 48 hours to evaluate the dye penetration under the stereomicroscope. Results: There was significant difference in the microleakage among three experimental groups (P<0.05). MTA had more dye penetration than iRoot BP Plus and nRoot BP. Under scanning electron microscopy, the gaps of both nRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus were smaller than that of MTA, and there was a statistically significant difference between three experimental groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: iRoot BP Plus and nRoot BP had better sealing performance and marginal adaptability when used to repair the furcation perforation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Randomized Controlled Study on Short-term Clinical Effects of Er:YAG Laser Versus Subgingival Glycine Air Polishing in Treatment of Peri-implantitis ZHENG Zejun, ZHANG Ying, SUN Jinmeng, WEI Yanan, DING Xiaoling, DING Gang 2024, 40(1): 56-60.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.011 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (843KB) ( 70 )   Objective: To compare the short-term clinical effects of Er:YAG laser and subgingival glycine air polishing (GPAP) in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: A total of 38 patients with peri-implantitis from August 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into Er:YAG laser group (Group A) and GPAP group (Group B) by random number table method. Ultrasound subgingival scaling was performed by the same doctor who did not know the grouping condition. Then, Group A was treated with Er:YAG laser, and Group B was treated with GPAP. The mean probing depth (MPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were examined. Results: In contrast to baseline level, the MPD and BOP indexes in Group A and Group B were significantly lowered 6 months after operation (P＜0.05), and the effect of Group A was better than that of Group B [(1.98±0.34) mm vs. (2.43±0.51) mm;0.68±0.75 vs. 1.21±0.71;P＜0.05]. The CAL index was significantly reduced in Group A after treatment [(2.10±0.39) mm vs. (1.21±0.27) mm; P<0.001], however, no significant improvement in Group B after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Er:YAG laser treatment was more effective than GPAP in treating peri-implant soft tissue inflammation, and patients treated with Er:YAG laser recovered the lost bone tissue to some extent within an observation period of 6 months. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Arch Morphology, Alveolar Bone Thickness, and Sagittal Plane Position of Maxillary Middle Incisors Evaluated by Cone-beam Computed Tomography FAN Yuting, HU Zongxin, GAN Kang, ZHU Juanfang 2024, 40(1): 61-65.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.012 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (1961KB) ( 52 )   Objective: To evaluate the relationship between arch morphology, sagittal root position (SRP), and alveolar bone thickness of maxillary anterior teeth through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and to group them according to age and gender. Methods: The CBCT images of 160 patients who met the inclusion criteria in Henan Province were analyzed and grouped according to dental arch morphology, age, and gender. Three hundred and twenty sagittal CBCT images of the maxillary central incisor of these patients were examined to measure the thickness of labial and palatal plates for statistical analysis. Results: The alveolar bone thickness was significantly depended on arch morphology and SRP. The bone thickness in the palatine side was the highest in the circular dental arch and grade I SRP. Apical arch type and grade II SRP type had the highest labial bone thickness. There was no correlation between dental arch morphology and SRP. Age, gender, arch shape, and SRP were significantly correlated with alveolar bone thickness. Conclusion: Age, gender, arch shape, and SRP were correlated with alveolar bone thickness of maxillary central incisor. Clinicians should consider these factors when planning implantation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CBCT Measurement and Analysis of TMJ Morphology and Position in Low Angle Adolescents with Different Sagittal Facial Types YU Xin, ZUO Zhigang, YANG Ziliang, WANG Hanping, ZHAO Yanhong, WANG Yue 2024, 40(1): 66-72.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.013 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (2267KB) ( 71 )   Objective: To investigate the difference of TMJ morphology and position in low angle adolescent patients with different sagittal skeletal surface types, and to explore the relationship between TMJ and craniofacial skeletal types. Methods: Twenty patients with low angle of skeletal class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ aged 11-16 years were selected as the study group, and 20 patients with average angle of skeletal class Ⅰ were selected as the control group. The CBCT images were imported into Invivo5.2 software to obtain lateral cephalic and bilateral joint images, and the data were measured and investigated by statistical methods. Results: (1) There were significant negative correlations between FH-MP and condylar long axis diameter and condylar width in class Ⅰ low angle group, joint space in class Ⅱ low angle group and glenoid fossa depth in class Ⅲ low angle group. (2) Compared with the control group, the anterior joint space (P=0.022) in class Ⅰ low angle group and glenoid fossa depth (P=0.027) in class Ⅱ low angle group were significantly larger, and the articular eminence inclination (P=0.017) and horizontal condylar angle (P=0.016) in class Ⅲ low angle group were significantly smaller. (3) The condylar angle and articular eminence inclination (P<0.05) in class Ⅰ low angle group, mesial joint space (P≤0.01) in class Ⅱ low angle group, and condylar angle (P<0.01) in class Ⅲ low angle group showed that the right side was smaller than the left side. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the condyle shape, symmetry, and joint space of TMJ in adolescent patients with low angle of sagittal surface. Attention should be paid to the condyle growth status in orthodontic treatment, so as to achieve long-term stable treatment effect after orthodontic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Properties of Nano Low-crystalline Bio-Calcined Bone Repair Material ZHU Chao, ZHANG Tie, ZHANG Qi, HU Li, QIU Di, ZHANG Lipan, MA Xiaodan, WU Meng, LI Xiaoya, HUANG Aijun 2024, 40(1): 73-79.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.014 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (6565KB) ( 50 )   Objective: To study the effect of microstructure on osteogenesis property of nano low-crystalline bio-calcined bone repair material. Methods: The bio-calcined bone repair material was prepared by degreasing, deproteinizing and calcination, and its composition, structure, and biocompatibility were studied. The physical and chemical properties of the bio-calcined bone repair material were characterized, and then compared with those of natural calcined bovine bone. The influence of the differences on the osteogenic properties and safety were studied. Results: The main components of bio-calcined bone repair material and natural calcined bovine bone were low-crystalline hydroxyapatite, whose crystal sizes were all nanometer and whose pore size range and distribution were the same. The internal surface area of the bio-calcined bone repair material was 91.96 m2/g, and the bio-calcined bone repair material had acicular crystal. The internal surface area of natural calcined bovine bone was 52.51 m2/g, and natural calcined bovine bone had round crystal. The bio-calcined bone repair material retained more carbonate than natural calcined bovine bone. The biological test results showed that the bio-calcined bone repair material had good biocompatibility. The animal test results showed that both bio-calcined bone repair material and natural calcined bovine bone could effectively inhibit the alveolar bone atrophy and promote the repair of bone tissue after extraction, and there was no statistical difference between two materials. Conclusion: Bio-calcined bone repair material is a kind of nano low-crystalline bone repair material, which retains the composition and structure of inorganic salt of bone tissue, and has good biocompatibility. It is expected to be used in clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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GTR and Apical Surgery for Combined Endodontic-periodontal Lesions with Severe Alveolar Bone Loss in Maxillary Molar: A Case Report ZHANG Minyi, QIN Jian, LI Shuangjiang, BU Xiaoshuang, GUO Jincai, PAN Taohua, XIE Hui 2024, 40(1): 80-82.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.015 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (3325KB) ( 96 )   Combined endodontic-periodontal lesions involving the pulp and periodontal tissues are difficult to treat and have a poor prognosis. This article reports a case of combined endodontic-periodontal lesions with severe alveolar bone loss in maxillary first molar. The patient was treated with a combination of root canal therapy, initial periodontal therapy, guided tissue regeneration, and simultaneous apical surgery to achieve intentional retention of the affected tooth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Class Ⅲ Skeletal Malocclusion with Mandibular Deviation by Using MSE Combined with MEAW Technique: A Case Report ZHAO Yinuo, LI Ying, XU Jing, HU Min 2024, 40(1): 83-85.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.016 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (2223KB) ( 70 )   This case used orthodontic camouflage therapy by maxillary skeletal expander (MSE) combined with multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) technology on a patient with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion and mandibular deviation. Steady therapeutic effect was acquired after 16 months. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report FENG Jing, CAI Yang 2024, 40(1): 86-88.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.017 Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (6138KB) ( 71 )   Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that destroys the midline facial region. This article reports a rare case with a palatal ulcer as the first symptom, an initial diagnosis of necrotizing granuloma, and a final diagnosis of ENKTL. The clinical and pathological features of this tumor were discussed and the causes of misdiagnosis were analyzed in order to provide a reference for the diagnosis and differentiation of ENKTL occurring in the palate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case Report of Eosinophilic Ulcer of Tongue WEI Jingjing, TAN Yaqin, ZHOU Gang 2024, 40(1): 89-91.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.01.018 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (2271KB) ( 155 )   Eosinophilic ulcer of the tongue (EUT) is a relatively rare benign, reactive disease that typically exhibits self-limiting characteristics. Clinically, it often presents as a rapidly enlarging solitary ulcer, which is easily to be mistakenly diagnosed as a malignant tumor. This article presents a case of EUT that persisted for more than a month and explores its clinical and histopathological features, as well as the diagnostic and treatment approaches. The aim of this case is to provide valuable insights for the clinical management of this condition. References | Related Articles | Metrics