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28 March 2024, Volume 40 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research Progress on Mandibular Lingual Tension-relieving Technique in Bone Augmentation ZHANG Qihang, GAO Ying 2024, 40(3): 189-193.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.001 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (789KB) ( 130 )   The bone augmentation technique is an effective method to address the insufficient height and width of alveolar ridge at the implant site. Stable and tension-free primary healing in the surgical area is crucial for ensuring the success of complex bone augmentation surgery. In recent years, the mandibular lingual tension-relieving technique has been increasingly utilized in clinical practice. Based on the buccal side tension-relieving technique, this technique can further reduce tissue flap tension, maintain surgical area stability, and improve the overall success rate of the surgery. This article provides a comprehensive review of the important anatomical structures of the mandibular lingual side, commonly used expansion instruments, and clinical applications of the mandibular lingual tension-relieving technique. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Design and Effect of Emergence Profile of Implant Prosthesis GONG Hao, MENG Weiyan 2024, 40(3): 194-198.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.002 Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (789KB) ( 233 )   The emergence profile of implant prosthesis refers to the contour of the transmucosal area between the implant shoulder and the gingival margin. The reasonable design of the emergence profile helps to obtain an aesthetic effect of implant prosthesis which is similar to the natural teeth, adapt to the soft tissue profile of the adjacent teeth, and play an important role in maintaining the long-term health of soft and hard tissues around the implant and reducing the incidence of biological and aesthetic complications. This article will review the consideration factors affecting the design of implant emergence profile and the influence of emergence profile on peri-implant tissue, in order to provide reference for the design of implant emergence profile in different clinical situations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor-1 and Its Receptor in Periodontitis ZHAN Jifan, TIAN Ai 2024, 40(3): 199-205.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.003 Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (1456KB) ( 79 )   Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. The host immune response is now recognized as the primary cause of tissue damage in periodontitis. Current clinical treatment mainly focuses on removing plaque and calculus mechanically, with limited use of immunotherapy. Nevertheless, it is essential to research immunotherapy for periodontitis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in the host immune response. They recognize, phagocytose, and eliminate foreign pathogens and objects. The colony stimulation factor-1 (CSF-1)/colony stimulation factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) pathway is involved in the progression of periodontitis by regulating macrophage inflammation and osteoclast bone resorption. Understanding the mechanism of action of CSF-1/CSF-1R in periodontitis is essential for future studies and the development of immunotherapy approaches. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymeric Three-dimensional Scaffold Promotes Osteogenic Precursor Cells Differentiation through Induction of Peripheral Macrophages Polarization LIU Yu, HUANG Weikun, LIANG Yu 2024, 40(3): 206-213.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.004 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (7043KB) ( 26 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of three-dimensional scaffold SF-CS-HA on the polarization of mouse macrophages, and explore the impact of bone immunomodulatory microenvironment regulation on the extracortical bone formation of mouse calvarial precursor cells. Methods: SF-CS-HA was prepared and co-cultured with mouse macrophages RAW264.7. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes, and western blot was conducted to evaluate the expression of TGF-β. After co-incubation of macrophages with SF-CS-HA 3D, conditioned medium was prepared. The proliferation, migration, ALP activity, and morphological changes of mouse calvarial precursor cells MC3T3-E1 were compared between complete medium and conditioned medium. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of bone formation-related proteins. An animal model was used to verify the effect of SF-CS-HA on the increase of skull bone mass in mice. Results: Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that SF-CS-HA had a uniform porous structure both on the surface and internally. Flow cytometry analysis showed that SF-CS-HA promoted the polarization of peripheral macrophages towards M2 phenotype. RT-qPCR and western blot results demonstrated that SF-CS-HA increased the expression of IL-10 gene and TGF-β protein, while decreased the expression of IL-1β gene. Additionally, SF-CS-HA promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, significantly increased ALP activity, enhanced cell migration, and increased the production of cytoskeletal protein Factin. Furthermore, conditioned medium exhibited more significant enhancement in the proliferation and migration capabilities of MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, Western blot indicated that under the regulation of the bone immune microenvironment, the expression of bone formation proteins OPN, COLA1, RUNX2, OCN, and TGF-β increased significantly. The results of animal experiments showed that SF-CS-HA could promote new bone formation in the mouse skull in vivo. Conclusion: SF-CS-HA 3D scaffold can promote the polarization of peripheral macrophages and regulate the bone immune microenvironment, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in the cortical bone exogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Formononetin Motivates Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Follicle Stem Cells TAO Tianyi, LI Zhengqiang, ZHENG Xiaoxue, HANG Bing 2024, 40(3): 214-220.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.005 Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (11699KB) ( 42 )   Objective: To elucidate the effect of formononetin on osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs). Methods: hDFSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified. The cells were treated with different concentrations of formononetin (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L) in the culture medium. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay, crystal violet staining, and live/dead cell fluorescence staining. The cell cytoskeleton was examined using fluorescent staining. The expression of osteogenic-related genes was analyzed through RT-qPCR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of cells. The influence of formononetin on calcium nodule formation during osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alizarin red staining. Results: hDFSCs exhibited stem cell characteristics. Different concentrations of formononetin had no significant effect on hDFSCs viability. Whereas, 1 μmol/L formononetin facillitated the expression of Runx2, OCN, and Col-Iα1 mRNA. Additionally, 1 μmol/L formononetin enhanced the intracellular ALP activity and the number of calcium nodules. Conclusion: Formononetin at 1 μmol/L promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 12 Cases of External Cervical Resorption after Trauma HE Zuwu, TIAN Tian 2024, 40(3): 221-226.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.006 Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (2891KB) ( 41 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of cervical external resorption after trauma and to explore its treatment strategy. Methods: Patients with external cervical resorption after trauma who came to Changsha Central Hospital affiliated to the University of South China from February 2020 to February 2023 were collected. The general information, location of the affected tooth, degree of resorption, main symptoms at first visit, treatment measures taken, tooth retention, and recovery after treatment were collected, analyzed, and discussed. Results: A total of 12 cases occurred external cervical resorption were collected, and 21 affected teeth were found, including 9 maxillary central incisor teeth, 3 maxillary lateral incisor teeth, 7 mandibular central incisor teeth, and 2 mandibular lateral incisor teeth. The degree of resorption in grade Ⅰ was 0, in grade Ⅱ was 7, in grade Ⅲ was 5, and in grade Ⅳ was 9. According to the conditions of affected teeth, root canal therapy, subgingival scaling, and periodontal therapy were performed. During the follow-up period, 11 teeth were extracted due to severe resorption in 8 cases. Among the other 4 cases, the original apical fistulas disappeared in 2 of the 4 affected teeth after root canal treatment combined with subgingival scaling and local filling of defects, and no expansion of cervical radiations was observed; cervical radiations disappeared in 4 affected teeth after root canal treatment in 1 case without any clinical positive symptoms; cervical radiations in 2 affected teeth did not expand after root canal treatment combined with local filling in 1 case. No clinical positive symptoms occurred. Conclusion: Early detection of external cervical resorption after trauma is difficult, and the pathogenic mechanism is still unclear, but regular post-traumatic follow-up is helpful to timely detection, and appropriate treatment can effectively stop the further destruction of teeth caused by external cervical absorption after trauma and avoid tooth loss. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bactericidal Effect of Photodynamicb Therapy on Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canal with Different Preparation Degrees GUO Jia, GAO Mengjie, SU Yuanyuan, ZHANG Meng, CHEN Xi 2024, 40(3): 227-232.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.007 Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (2565KB) ( 47 )   Objective: To screen out the optimal degree of root canal preparation assisted by methylene blue light dynamic therapy for root canal disinfection. Methods: Enterococcus faecalis biofilm was constructed in external orifice plate to confirm the bactericidal effect of methylate blue light power on enterococcus faecalis. The photodynamic cleaning efficiency of enterococcus faecalis biofilms was compared in the in vitro root canals with different preparation levels. Results: Photodynamic therapy could kill enterococcus faecalis. At 0.04 taper of root canal preparation, the sterilization results of No. 20 and 25 root canal groups were inferior to that of No. 30 root canal group. In No. 25 root canal group, the sterilization results of 0.04 taper group were inferior to those of 0.06 taper group and 0.08 taper group. Conclusion: Photodynamic can kill the enterococcus faecalis in the root canal, and the preparation of the root canal to 0.04 taper 30 and 0.06 taper 25 is a relatively good preparation for the cleaning of enterococcus faecalis in the root canal with methyblue. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Effect of Selenium-enriched Wheat Grass Toothpaste on Reducing Gingival Inflammation and Controlling Dental Plaque PI Xiaoqin, ZHU Bin, TONG Guoyong, LI Sensen, ZHAO Guodong, ZHANG Yiting, YANG Zaibo 2024, 40(3): 233-235.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.008 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (873KB) ( 60 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical impact of toothpaste enriched with selenium-rich wheat grass. Methods: Following the principles of randomized, double-blind, controlled design, 72 participants aged 18 to 65 years were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (using selenium-rich wheat grass toothpaste) or the control group (using no selenium-rich wheat grass toothpaste). The gingival index, gingival bleeding index, and plaque index were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. Results: At 1,3 and 6 months,the mean scores of gingival index in experimental group and control group were 1.16±0.10 and 1.26±0.22, 0.99±0.91 and 1.21±1.16, 0.92±0.11 and 1.01±0.11, respectively. The mean scores of gingival sulcus bleeding index in the experimental group and control group were 1.12±0.23 and 1.24±0.27, 1.05±0.11 and 1.13±0.15, 0.91±0.12 and 1.05±0.09, respectively. The mean scores of plaque index in the experimental group and control group were 1.37±0.20 and 1.54±0.19, 1.14±0.21 and 1.37±0.24, 0.98±0.16 and 1.21±0.22, respectively. Notably, no adverse effects were observed during this clinical study. Conclusion: Selenium-enriched wheat grass toothpaste significantly hampers dental plaque formation, alleviates gingivitis, and enhances gum health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prognostic Correlation Study of MYO5A Exon 35 Skipping in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma LU Fang, NING Tongtong, WANG Jie, ZHAO Jia, FANG Jing, NING Qianqian, LI Jiafeng 2024, 40(3): 236-241.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.009 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (1219KB) ( 34 )   Objective: To explore the potential of MYO5A gene as a prognostic molecular marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: RNA-Seq data and corresponding clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA database for the HNSCC queue, and the relationship between MYO5A and patient prognosis was analyzed using univariate Cox regression. The variable splicing types of the MYO5A gene were downloaded from the TCGA SpliceSeq database, the variable splicing of the differentially expressed MYO5A gene was identified based on the percentage spliced in (PSI) value, and its correlation with the prognosis of HNSCC patients was analyzed. Finally, RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing were validated in clinical samples from cell lines and affiliated hospitals of Xuzhou Medical University. Results: The MYO5A gene was significantly overexpressed in the HNSCC cohort, but the overall expression level of the MYO5A gene could not be used as an independent prognostic risk indicator for HNSCC. The frequency of MYO5A exon 35 hopping was increased in HNSCC and was closely related to prognosis. The jump of MYO5A exon 35 was validated in both cell lines and clinical samples. Conclusion: The jump of MYO5A exon 35 rather than the overall expression level of MYO5A gene can serve as an independent molecular marker for the prognosis of HNSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Value Analysis of Tumor Stroma Ratio in Prognostic Evaluation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients FANG Minjian, LIU Liang, QIU Ruolan, CAO Wei, GE Suyun, CHAI Damin 2024, 40(3): 242-247.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.010 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (2129KB) ( 21 )   Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor stromal ratio (TSR) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Methods: Clinical and pathological data were gathered from OSCC patients who had radical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 2015 and December 2017. Based on the percentage limit of 50%, TSR is split into two groups: high-TSR (≥50%) and low-TSR (＜50%). The connection between tumor-stromal ratio and the overall and disease-free survival of patients with OSCC was examined. Results: Within 98 patients who had complete postoperative follow-up and clinical data, 42 patients had a high tumor-stromal ratio and 56 patients had a low TSR. The 5-year overall survival rate of OSCC patients in the high TSR group was 31.0% (13/42), and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 26.2% (11/42). On the other hand, the 5-year overall survival rate of OSCC patients in the low TSR group was 73.2% (41/56), and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 67.9% (38/56). Tumor clinical stage and TSR were substantially correlated with patients' 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival (P＜0.001). Tumor site was not associated with patients' 5-year overall survival (χ2=1.327, P=0.932) and 5-year disease-free survival (χ2=3.113, P=0.683). Age, T staging, lymph node metastases, TSR, and OSCC disease-free survival rates were substantially connected with overall survival rates for patients with OSCC, according to single factor COX regression analysis results. Tumor T stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor-stromal ratio were identified as independent risk variables for overall survival and disease-free survival in OSCC patients by multivariate COX analysis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Following surgery, TSR can be utilized as a prognostic indicator for OSCC patients and as a guide for the choice of adjuvant treatment options for OSCC patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Digital Immediate Restoration in Mandibular Anterior Region WANG Na, WANG Chao 2024, 40(3): 248-253.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.011 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (6481KB) ( 22 )   Objective: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of immediate implantation and immediate restoration with digital workflow in mandibular anterior region. Methods: Seventeen patients with two to four mandibular incisor teeth that could not be retained were selected. Preoperative periodontal therapy was performed, followed by CBCT imaging. The coDiagnostiX software was used to design the three-dimensional position of implants. The surgical guides and provisional restorations were fabricated. A total of 34 implants were implanted, the initial stability of all the implants were ≥35 N·cm, and the ISQ were >65. 61 immediate restorations were performed. Radiographs were taken on the same day to confirm the complete seating of the temporary abutments. Regular follow-ups were conducted to provide oral hygiene instructions. Permanent restorations were performed after 6 months, and after 12 months, the survival rate of implants and restorations, the harmony of gingiva with adjacent teeth, the thickness change of labial bone, and the patient satisfaction degree were evaluated. Results: Within the 12-month observation period, there were no implant failure. All 34 implants achieved good osseointegration during the observation period, with a survival rate of 100% for both the implants and restorations. Among 55 restorations, the labial gingival margin showed good harmony with the adjacent natural teeth, with slight differences observed in 6 restorations. There was no significant difference in gingival color and texture between 56 restorations and the adjacent natural teeth, while 5 restorations showed slight differences. The average patient satisfaction degree with aesthetic visual analog scale (VAS) was 96. Conclusion: Based on strict indications selection, immediate implantation and immediate restoration in the mandibular anterior region can result in stable outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Efficacy of rhBMP-2 for Extraction Sockets Preservation with Bone Wall Defect TANG Zhengting, XU Yingjie, YANG Dezhao, MENG Fanwen 2024, 40(3): 254-258.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.012 Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (7341KB) ( 18 )   Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for alveolar ridge preservation with bone wall defect. Methods: From February 2019 to January 2023, 142 eligible patients were randomly divided into group A using rhBMP-2 + collagen sponge to fill the extraction sockets, group B using collagen sponge alone, and group C using no grafts. The implant surgery was carried out at 18 and 24 weeks after tooth extraction, and three groups were divided into group A1, A2; B1, B2; and C1, C2. Maximum meso-distal and buccal-lingual diameter (L, W) and depth (H) of alveolar crest defect were measured in cases of alveolar ridge bone defects found during implant surgery, and V values were calculated (V=L×W×H). Bone blocks of implant sockets were obtained for histological evaluation in cases without alveolar bone defects. Results: The frequency of alveolar ridge bone defects in group A1 and A2 were 0.32 and 0.14; in group B1 and B2 were 0.75 and 0.43; and in group C1 and C2 were 0.72 and 0.37, respectively. There were significant differences between group A1 and B1; between group A2 and B2; between group A1 and C1, and between group A2 and C2 in V value (P<0.05). There were significant differences between group A1 and B1 and between group A1 and C1 in new bone percentage (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of rhBMP-2 for alveolar ridge preservation with bone wall defect can shorten the time of osteogenesis (18 weeks), reduce the frequency of erratic healing, and provide a favorable bone condition for subsequent implantation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cone-beam CT Study on Incidence and Characteristics of Maxillary Sinus Division Kadiliya·TUERXUNJIANG, DING Chengfang, WANG Ling 2024, 40(3): 259-264.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.013 Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (2310KB) ( 34 )   Objective: To observe the incidence and morphological characteristics of maxillary sinus septum in the population, and further analyze its relationship with gender, age and dentition status. Methods: The conical beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients in the radiology Department of Stomatology Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were collected, measured, and statistical analyzed. Results: Among 500 patients and 1000 maxillary sinuses included in this study, 219 patients (43.8%) and 306 sinuses (30.6%) had septations, of which 273 (85.58%) were partial septations and 170 (53.29%) were located in the middle of the maxillary sinus. Partial maxillary sinus and middle septum accounted for the highest proportion. There was no significant difference in the incidence of separation in different gender, age, and dentition status. Conclusion: There was diversity in the height, position, and direction of the separation. The presence of compartmentalization can increase the complexity of intra-maxillary sinus surgery, so preoperative imaging evaluation can help to evaluate the difficulty of surgery and formulate a treatment plan. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rehabilitation of Severely Worn Dentition Assisted by Digital Method: A Case Report of 4 Years Follow-up HUANG Honglan, JIN Di, ZHU Jianyu, ZHANG Yi, LUO Bizhu, JIANG Wu, WU Qianju, XIAO Yun, ZHANG Zhisheng 2024, 40(3): 265-268.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.014 Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (6510KB) ( 46 )   The rehabilitation of severely worn dentition has always been a challenge in clinical practice. In the present study, with aid of digital method, the restoration of a case of severely worn dentition was carried out. The result of 4-year follow-up confirmed the feasibility of digital method. This might provide a new guideline for the treatment of such cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair of Young Permanent Tooth Fracture with CAD-CAM Fiber Post-core and Resin-matrix Ceramic Crown:A Case Report CHEN Yayun, CHENG Qianhuang, YANG Xiujuan, LUO Yong, YIN Lu 2024, 40(3): 269-271.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.015 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (2600KB) ( 66 )   Post-core restoration is a common method to repair tooth defects in clinic, which includes prefabricated glass fiber post-resin core and personalized integrated post-core. Due to the aesthetic defects of metal and the limitation of elastic modulus of zirconia, integrated glass fiber post-core which had personalized, mechanical, and aesthetic advantages was proposed in clinic as a new post-core form. This paper presents a clinical case to restore a young permanent tooth fracture with CAD/CAM integrated fiber resin post-core and resin-matrix ceramic crown. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteopetrosis with CLCN7 Gene Mutation: A Case Report CAO Yongqing, ZHA Chunhong 2024, 40(3): 272-274.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.016 Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (2170KB) ( 37 )   Osteopetrosis (OP), also known as chalk like bone disease or marble bone disease, is a rare and unexplained metabolic bone disease with genetic predisposition due to reduced osteoclast count or abnormal function. The clinical manifestations are complex and diverse, with imaging manifestations mainly characterized by widespread increase in bone density throughout the body. This article reports the data of a patient with osteopetrosis accompanied by mandibular osteomyelitis. Previous literature is reviewed to provide an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical classification, and treatment, providing reference for future clinical treatment of this disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Extranodal Nasal Type NK/T Cell Lymphoma with Oral Mucosal Ulcer as the First Manifestation: A Case Report WANG Feng, CHEN Xuya, ZHOU Gang, ZHANG Jing 2024, 40(3): 275-278.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2024.03.017 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (3186KB) ( 70 )   Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), is a rare and unique non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that primarily affects the middle face and originates from T cells or NK cells. It is uncommon for cases to present with an oral ulcer as the initial symptom, which can lead to confusion with other diseases and pose challenges for diagnosis. This paper presents a case study on the diagnosis and treatment of Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) with initial symptoms of buccal mucosa and gingival ulcer. It analyzes the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the disease to offer guidance for clinical management of similar cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics