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Research Progress on Epigenetic Modifications Regulating Regeneration of Dental Pulp Inflammation SU Qianqian, HU Tao 2025, 41(4): 269-275.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.001 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (1446KB) ( 536 )   The dental pulp may suffer irreversible damage due to reasons such as dental caries and trauma. Currently, most clinical treatments for pulpitis are root canal therapy. However, root canal therapy has certain limitations, and research and development of pulp-preserving treatment options are imperative. Epigenetic modifications, which mainly include DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNAs, can regulate cellular states without altering genes. With the in-depth study of epigenetics, its application in the inflammatory regeneration of dental pulp has made certain breakthroughs. This paper will provide an overview of the research progress on the application of epigenetic modifications in the treatment of dental pulp inflammatory regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Anti-caries Mechanism of Epigallocatechin Gallate YE Huiling, WANG Rui 2025, 41(4): 276-281.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.002 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (865KB) ( 228 )   Dental caries is a common oral disease with clinical manifestations of chronic and progressive destruction of dental hard tissues. Catechins in green tea have been shown to have caries-preventive and caries-control effects, with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) being the most abundant and potent active constituent of green tea catechins. EGCG has the functions of anti-cariogenic bacteria, inhibiting the degradation of dentin collagen, and adjusting the content and composition of salivary membrane proteins. This article reviews the research progress of the above three mechanisms of action of EGCG in controlling the occurrence and development of caries, in order to provide new drug strategies for the prevention and treatment of caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancements of Endodontically Treated Posterior Teeth Restored with Horizontal Glass Fiber Posts BAO Yanfang, CHEN Jianzhi 2025, 41(4): 282-286.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.003 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (929KB) ( 221 )   Horizontal glass fiber post technology involves the horizontal placement of fiber posts through the buccal and lingual walls of posterior teeth with MOD cavities. This approach enhances the fracture resistance of teeth following root canal treatment by minimizing cusp deflection. Compared to traditional restoration methods, it is a more economical, rapid, effective, conservative, and minimally invasive technique, potentially serving as an alternative for indirect restoration of cusp coverage in the future. This article reviews the operational methods, advantages, disadvantages, and influencing factors of this technology, aiming to provide a reference for the minimally invasive repair of posterior teeth with MOD cavities after clinical root canal treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Revealing Metabolic Markers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis Based on Spatial Metabolomics ZHAO Huiting, HAN Wei, LUO Guanfa, LU Wen, FU Yujuan, TAN Xiao, HU Qingang, YANG Xihu 2025, 41(4): 287-292.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.004 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (3887KB) ( 374 )   Objective: To identify potential biomarkers and possible metabolic pathways of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) through desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Methods: Ten cases of OSCC included in this study were all primary cases treated with surgery in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Jiangsu University Affiliated Hospital. Tissue samples were collected for detection by DESI-MSI system, and differential metabolites were identified using multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. The diagnostic ability of differential metabolites was further analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve) analysis. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway analysis was performed to determine the relevant metabolic pathways. Results: According to metabolic profile, a total of 144 metabolites were identified in tumor tissue and normal tissue, most of which were fatty acids. ROC curve analysis was further performed and it was found that area under the curve (AUC) of all 144 metabolites was greater than 0.7. The ion imaging of metabolites accurately distinguished tumor tissue from normal tissue.The differential metabolites between tumor tissue and normal tissue mainly participate in two metabolic pathways, namely the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Conclusion: Based on DESI-MSI, differential metabolites with diagnostic value were screened, and the metabolism dysregulation of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acids in OSCC tissues was found, which may be closely related to the occurrence and development of OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Paclitaxel Polymer Micelles and Its Anti-oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Effect YANG Haonan, LIU Feng, MENG Jian, ZHOU Lin, DAI Yuwei, CHEN Yinyu 2025, 41(4): 293-300.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.005 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (5753KB) ( 216 )   Objective: To improve the water solubility of paclitaxel(PTX) and passive targeting of tumor by designing amphiphilic PEG-octadecamine block copolymers to form polymer micelles and encapsulating with PTX, and to explore its anti-tumor activity. Methods: PEG-octadecylamine polymer micelles (PEG-ODA-PTX) were coated with PTX by thin-film dispersion method.The particle size, Zeta potential, encapsulation rate, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and stability of the PEG-ODA-PTX were investigated. The anti-tumor effect and cytotoxicity were detected by cell uptake evaluation, CCK-8 assay, and live/dead cell staining method. CAL-27 cells were used to construct a nude mouse transplanted tumor model, and its anti-tumor effect and biosafety were tested. Results: The particle size and Zeta potential of PEG-ODA-PTX were (188.4±7.9) nm and (28.50±0.1) mV, respectively. The encapsulation rate of PTX was about (76.43±1.2)%. Spherical structure with uniform size was observed under TEM. PEG-ODA-PTX showed good stability in 24 h. PEG-ODA-C6 could be specifically internalized by CAL-27 cells. PEG-ODA-PTX significantly inhibited the proliferation of CAL-27 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Compared with the control group, PEG-ODA-PTX significantly reduced the tumor volume in nude mice (P<0.05) and the tumor suppression rate reached 72%. Hemolysis, cytotoxicity, and H&E staining experiments confirmed the biosafety of PEG-ODA-PTX. Conclusion: The polymer micelles PEG-ODA-PTX was successfully prepared and showed significant targeting towards oral squamous cancer cells, which had excellent anti-oral squamous cell carcinomaeffect at both cellular and overall animal levels. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Retrospective Study of Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Parotid Malignancy Involving Lateral Skull Base KOU Jiahao, XU Huixia, WU Zhuhao, SUN Guowen 2025, 41(4): 301-305.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.006 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (5356KB) ( 149 )   Objective: To summarize the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment methods of recurrent malignant tumors of parotid gland involving lateral skull base. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and treatment methods of patients with recurrent parotid gland malignant tumors involving the lateral skull base admitted to the First Ward of Nanjing University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital from October 2019 to October 2024. Results: All 9 patients underwent surgical treatment, with the resection scope including the lesion and the affected structures such as the zygomatic arch, temporalis muscle, condyle, masseter muscle, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, and part of the external auditory canal. The surgical resection reached the lateral skull base, with 2 cases undergoing lesion resection under computer-assisted navigation guidance. Postoperative tissue defects were repaired with adjacent flaps in 2 cases and with anterior lateral thigh muscle flaps in 7 cases. All flaps survived after surgery. Conclusion: Surgical treatment for recurrent malignant tumors of the parotid gland involving the lateral skull base is relatively complex, involving numerous important anatomical structures, including the parotid bed, internal and external pterygoid muscles, pterygoid plexus, trigeminal nerve, zygomatic arch, jawbone, etc. After recurrence, tissue structure deformation should be observed. Before surgery, a clear understanding of the tumor scope and involved anatomical structures should be obtained, and personalized plans should be designed for tumor invasion structures. During surgery, bleeding should be controlled, and postoperative vital signs and flap condition should be closely monitored, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Proteomic Study on Salivary Differences between OSAHS Children and Non-OSAHS Children Zulihumaer·NUERAIHEMAITI, Maikeliya·PALIHATI, Gulibaha·MAIMAITILI 2025, 41(4): 306-313.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.007 Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (3828KB) ( 48 )   Objective: To analyze the related information of salivary differential proteins between OSAHS children and non-OSAHS children through proteomics detection technology. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 6 children with OSAHS [5 males and 1 female, with an average age of (12.00±2.71) years] and 6 non-OSAHS healthy children [3 males and 3 females, with an average age of (10.22±2.05) years]. Total proteins were extracted, data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry analysis and protein identification of differential proteins were performed, and finally bioinformatics analysis was conducted on the screened differential proteins. Results: 5636 proteins were identified in the non-OSAHS group and 5608 proteins in the OSAHS group, among which 5582 proteins were present in all groups. A total of 303 up-regulated proteins and 185 down-regulated proteins were screened out as significant differences between the two groups, among which several proteins with significant differences, such as KRT80, CXCL10, KRT19, and SAA2, were selected. Conclusion: There are differences in salivary proteins between OSAHS children and non-OSAHS children, and OSAHS molecular markers may be closely related to its occurrence, development, and pathogenesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of Soft and Hard Tissue Characteristics of Anterior Hard Palate at Level of Third Palatal Ruga YE Zitong, TANG Qian, YIN Qing, YANG Luyi 2025, 41(4): 314-319.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.008 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (1538KB) ( 141 )   Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of third palatal ruga as a reliable reference for clinical mini-screw implant anchorage (MIA) implantation by measuring bone thickness, cortical bone thickness, and mucosa thickness in the third palatal ruga region. Methods: Thirty patients with malocclusion, mean age (18.7±6.5) years, who attended the Department of Orthodontics at Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University between January 2019 and January 2023 were selected. All patients completed the collection of CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) volume and maxillary digital models. The data were analyzed using BLUE SKY PLAN software. Mucosa thickness, were measured on the integrated model at third palatal ruga (TR),and 2 mm anterior and 2 mm posterior to the third palatal ruga (TRA and TRP) at different sagittal planes (mid-palatal suture plane, 3 mm lateral, and 6 mm lateral). Results: In the same coronal plane, bone thickness varied from distal to proximal mid-palate, with a significant reduction at the mid-palatal suture (P<0.05). Cortical bone thickness at the mid-palatal suture was significantly less than that adjacent to the mid-palatal suture (P<0.017). The difference in the mucosa thickness between the mid-palatal suture and the 6 mm lateral to the mid-palatal suture was also statistically significant (P<0.017). In the same sagittal plane, bone thickness increased from anterior to posterior in the region of the mid-palatal suture (P<0.017). The difference in anterior-posterior bone thickness in the area adjacent to the mid-palatal suture was not significant (P>0.05), bone cortical thickness did not change significantly from anterior to posterior (P>0.05), and mucosal thickness did not change significantly from anterior to posterior (P>0.017). Conclusion: For MIA implantation, 8-mm-length MIAs were available in the third palatal ruga region except for the mid-palatal suture, in which neck-length 1.5 mm MIAs were available 3 mm lateral to the mid-palatal suture, and neck-length 2 mm MIAs were available 6 mm lateral to the mid-palatal suture. CBCT examinations were necessary for MIA implantation at the mid-palatal suture to avoid damaging the nasopalatal canal. When MIA implantation is performed next to the mid-palatal suture in the region of the third palatal ruga, this area can be considered a safe area, thus reducing the need of CBCT examinations. The third palatal ruga is a reliable marker for MIA implantation, being closer to the safety zone and easier to locate than the tooth-adjacent points. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis on Effect of Bite Turbos on Maxillary Central Incisor under Different Conditions WANG Yuchen, LIN Xinping, ZOU Mingyuan, GONG Guoliang, YU Fei 2025, 41(4): 320-326.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.009 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (2257KB) ( 141 )   Objective: To explore the related factors affecting the labial inclination of maxillary central incisor, by analyzing the changes of maxillary central incisor movement during opening of anterior teeth bite with Bite Turbos under different conditions. Methods: Softwares such as Minics, Geomagic Wrap 2017, and SolidWorks were utilized for model fabrication. Workbench was employed to set the operating conditions for the models and calculate the displacement distance and direction of the maxillary central incisors. Results: In each group of models with the posterior 1/3 of the Bite Turbos occlusal surface, the upper central incisors all showed lingual displacement of the crown and labial displacement of the root. In each group with the anterior 1/3 of the Bite Turbos occlusal surface, the upper central incisors all presented labial displacement of the crown and lingual displacement of the root. Compared to the group with the standard labial inclination of the upper central incisors, in the labial inclination group, models D1, E1, and F1 exhibited more lingual inclination changes in the upper central incisors (The crown root displacement difference was more than 0.064 to 0.134 mm in the sagittal plane), while the remaining six groups displayed more labial inclination changes (0.0403-0.238) mm. In the lingual inclination group, G3, H3, and I3 demonstrated fewer labial inclination changes (0.098-0.193) mm, and the majority of the remaining six groups showed more lingual inclination (0.028-0.134) mm. When the Bite Turbos occlusal surface was inclined labially, compared to the horizontal group, all models presented more lingual inclination of the upper central incisors (0.001-0.068) mm. While when the occlusal surface was inclined lingually, all models demonstrated more labial inclination (0.009-0.171) mm. In the vertical direction, the central incisors of all groups in the models exhibited overall depression. Except for a small elongation (0.002 mm) of the incisal edge of the central incisor in group H1, the incisal edges and apical tips of the remaining groups all demonstrated depressed manifestations. Conclusion: When Bite Turbos are employed to open the bite, the variations in the labial inclination of the maxillary central incisors are closely associated with their own labial inclination, the inclination of the Bite Turbos occlusal surface, and the occlusal contact points. The relationship between the force line of the bite force and the position of the center of resistance influences the labial inclination changes of the maxillary central incisors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Retention and Wear Resistance of PEEK Conical Telescope Inside Crowns AI Xin, CHEN Zhuo, HAN Lin, QIU Xiaoxia 2025, 41(4): 327-331.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.010 Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (3137KB) ( 137 )   Objective: To compare the retention force and wear of PEEK inner crown with PEEK, titanium, and cobalt-chromium alloy outer crown after long-term use. Methods: A total of 32 low-alloy steel-based dental crowns, including 27 PEEK inner crowns, 9 cobalt-chromium alloy inner crowns, 8 PEEK outer crowns, 8 pure titanium outer crowns, and 16 cobalt-chromium alloy outer crowns, were randomly divided into four groups. The inner and outer crowns of group A were PEEK. Group B was PEEK for the inner crown and pure titanium for the outer crown. Group C was PEEK for the inner crown and cobalt-chromium alloy for the outer crown. The inner and outer crowns of Group D were cobalt-chromium alloys. The inner crown was glued to the abutment type, the outer crown was completely placed and separately embedded. The simulated removal cycle test was carried out using an electronic universal testing machine, and the maximum dislocation force of the inner and outer crown separation before the start of the cycle, 1000 cycles, 2000 cycles, 3000 cycles, 4000 cycles, 5000 cycles, and 10,000 cycles was measured, and the analysis was recorded. The mass of the inner and outer crowns before and after the cycle experiment was weighed and recorded, the relative mass loss was calculated, and the outer surface morphology of the inner crowns before and after the cycle was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The retention force values of groups A, B, C, and D under different cycles had statistical significance (P<0.05), and the retention force values of each group after multiple cycles had statistical significance (P<0.05). The retaining force of group A, B, and C increased first and then decreased with the increase of the number of cycles, and the retaining force of group D showed a downward trend. After 10,000 cycles of removal and wearing, the relative mass loss of internal and external crowns in the four groups was statistically different (P<0.05). Roughness of Group A was increased, but no obvious damage. However, the surface of group B and Group C was obviously damaged. The surface of group D was smoother than that of group A, B, and C. Conclusion: After simulating 10,000 cycles of insertion and removal, the combination of PEEK inner crowns with metal outer crowns can achieve retention force that is not lower than that of cobalt-chromium alloy for both internal and outer crowns. When choosing PEEK for the inner crowns, using titanium for the outer crowns can result in lower wear on the inner crowns and higher retention force. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and Analysis on Gingival Thickness and Morphology of Anterior Teeth by High Frequency Ultrasound JIA Xiaofeng, ZHANG Xianyue, XIA Rong, JIANG Fan, SUN Lei 2025, 41(4): 332-337.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.011 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (2414KB) ( 230 )   Objective: To explore the evaluation value of high frequency ultrasound on gingival thickness (GT) and morphology of anterior teeth. Methods: A total of 138 teeth were selected from 35 volunteers. GT (GT0, GT2) of 2 mm below the gingival margin of anterior teeth were measured by gingival puncture and high frequency ultrasound. The gingival morphology of anterior teeth was analyzed by ultrasonic measurement, including the height of supraosseous gingiva (SOG) on the labial central crest, the distance from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (BC), and the width of keratinized gingiva. Results: There was no statistical significant difference between GT0 measured by gingival puncture and GT2 measured by high frequency ultrasound in 35 subjects with right upper central incisor, left upper central incisor, left lower central incisor, and right lower central incisor (P>0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Curve was drawn, and the results showed that the area under curve (AUC) of GT2 for diagnosing gingival biotypes measured by high-frequency ultrasound was 0.821 (95%CI: 0.752-0.891), the specificity and sensitivity were 71.8% and 78.3%, respectively, indicating high diagnostic value. According to the analysis of intra class correlation coefficient (ICC), the thickness of 2 mm below the gingival margin measured by high-frequency ultrasound at each tooth position was consistent with the results obtained by gingival puncture method (ICC>0.6). There was no statistical significant difference in the results of GT2 and gingival morphology indexes SOG and CEJ-BC measured by high frequency ultrasound in different gender subjects (P>0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, GT2 at each tooth position was positively correlated with SOG (r=0.719,r=0.426,r=0.489,r=0.597,P<0.05), and also positively correlated with the keratinized gingival width (r=0.512,r=0.498,r=0.647,r=0.562,P＜0.05), while there was a negative correlation with CEJ-BC (r=-0.485,r=-0.452,r=-0.382,r=-0.402,P＜0.05). Conclusion: The width of keratinized gingiva in the upper front teeth is wider than that in the lower front teeth. High frequency ultrasound measurement of GT in the front teeth is consistent with gingival puncture method, and can be used as an effective method for clinical measurement of GT and determination of gingival biotype. The measured GT is correlated with gingival morphology, SOG height, CEJ-BC, and keratinized gingiva width. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Characteristics of Clinical Trial Registries of Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Diseases Based on ClinicalTrialsgov GUO Jincai, HU Meiling, ZHANG Ruibin, ZHU Lilei, XIE Hui 2025, 41(4): 338-344.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.012 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1225KB) ( 264 )   Objective: To analyse the characteristics of clinical trials of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of oral diseases registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods: All clinical trials of PDT for the treatment of oral diseases in ClinicalTrials.gov were retrieved and collected with a search timeframe from the establishment to 31 December 2023. The registration title, registration status, registration time, sample size, group leader unit, study implementation site, funding type, disease type, outcome, study type and design, randomised method, blinded method, number of study centres, light source, and photosensitiser of the included clinical trials investigating the treatment of oral diseases were summarised and analysed separately. Results: A total of 133 clinical trials were included, and the main types of oral diseases were periodontitis (36.09%), gingivitis (15.79%), halitosis (6.77%), endodontics diseases (6.77%), peri-implantitis (5.26%), dental caries (5.26%), oral cancer (4.51%), actinic lipitis (3.76%), oral leukoplakia (3.76%), and oral lichen planus (3.76%). The geographic distribution of the group leader units involved in the implementation of clinical trials of PDT for oral diseases was concentrated in five countries, including Brazil (38.35%), the United States (9.77%), China (6.77%), Finland (5.26%), and Saudi Arabia (4.51%), which accounted for 64.66% of all the group leader units. All studies were intervention studies, in which 108 studies (81.20%) were randomised controlled trials (RCT) and 90 RCT (83.33%) were blinding. The maximum sample size was 350 and the minimum was 2, with a median of 40; and 93.98% were single-centre studies. Laser and light-emitting diode (LED) light sources were frequently used in PDT for oral diseases, with 660nm red laser being the main one. Photosensitizers mainly included methylene blue, toluidine blue, 5-aminolevulinic acid, indocyanine green, and curcumin. Conclusion: Periodontitis, gingivitis, halitosis, endodontics diseases, peri-implantitis, dental caries, oral cancer, actinic lipitis, oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and so on, are the hot areas of the clinical research of PDT for oral diseases. The inconsistency of photosensitiser, wavelength, energy density, power density, outcome, observation duration in the current clinical trials of photodynamic therapy for oral diseases is prominent, and a standard treatment method needs to be developed to achieve homogeneity of treatment effects. RCT applying the blind method accounted for a high proportion of studies, the overall design quality was high, and the number of studies was fluctuating, but the imbalance in the number of studies between countries was obvious, with a high proportion of single-center and small-sample-size studies, and further multi-centre and large-sample RCT need to be carried out. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Basal Cell Nevus Syndome: A Case Report YE Zheng, SUI Fuyong, XU Bingning, ZHANG Fuyin 2025, 41(4): 345-347.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.013 Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (2566KB) ( 183 )   Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which is most often manifested as odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) in the oral and maxillofacial region, and various related diseases may occur at different times of the patient's life. This paper reports a cases of basal cell nevus syndrome and discusses them with related literature to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gardner's Syndrome: Two Cases Report HOU Yujiao 2025, 41(4): 348-350.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.014 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (2688KB) ( 148 )   Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. It is rare in clinical practice. The main clinical symptoms are colorectal polyps, soft tissue masses, and osteoma. Therefore, some patients are often treated in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department for maxillofacial osteoma. Due to the high incidence of multiple polyps of the rectum colon in this disease, oral imaging examination combined with patient history is more helpful for early diagnosis. We report two cases of Gardner syndrome diagnosed for the first time in our department with mandibular osteoma as the chief complaint. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case Report of Left Mandibular First Molar after Root Canal Treatment Restored by Modified Endocrown WANG Qinxiu, GUO Qi, GUO Dongmei 2025, 41(4): 351-353.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.015 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (2613KB) ( 190 )   The restoration of short-crown molars with a crown-to-gum distance less than 3 mm is challenging. Typically, either a post-core crown or a pulpal chamber retention crown is used, each with its own merits and drawbacks. In this case, a modified endocrown was applied and observed for two years to analyze its principles, advantages, and disadvantages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Free Gingival Graft for Recession Type 2 Gingival Recession: 18-Month Follow-Up GOU Xiaoying, LIU Huan, ZHANG Huihui 2025, 41(4): 354-357.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2025.04.016 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (3262KB) ( 199 )   This article reports an 18-month follow-up of a patient with RT2 gingival recession and generalized stage Ⅱ, grade B periodontitis. Following comprehensive periodontal treatment and free gingival graft procedure, the patient achieved substantial root coverage and a significant increase in keratinized tissue, demonstrating favorable clinical and periodontal outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics