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28 October 2026, Volume 42 Issue 10 Previous Issue   

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Biomimetic Design Strategies and Research Progress of Hydroxyapatite-based Composite Bone Repair Materials. BU Jin, BAO Chongyun 2026, 42(10): 827-832.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.001 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (778KB) ( 30 )   As the main inorganic component of bone tissue, hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibits excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, thus being widely applied in bone tissue engineering. However, there are significant differences between traditionally synthetic HA-based composite bone repair materials and natural bone in terms of microstructure, crystallinity, and grain orientation. These differences result in insufficient mechanical properties and limited osseointegration ability of the synthetic materials. In recent years, the rise of biomimetic material science has provided new insights for the optimal design of HA composite materials. By simulating the chemical composition and multi-level structure of natural bone, biomimetic HA-based composite bone repair materials demonstrate distinct advantages in mechanical properties, cell behavior regulation, and osteogenic induction. This article first expounds the important role of biomimetic HA composite materials in the field of bone repair, then retrospectively categorizes the biomimetic design concepts of HA-based composite bone repair materials, focuses on the latest research progress in material-induced HA biomimetic mineralization and structural biomimetic design, and finally provides an outlook on their future development directions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anticaries Mechanisms and Prospects of Streptococcus Mutans Bacteriophages and Their Lytic Enzymes WANG Longyu, SU Shaochen 2026, 42(10): 833-838.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.002 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (772KB) ( 18 )   The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data indicate that the incidence rates of dental caries are exhibiting an increasing trend both globally and in China. Conventional prevention and treatment strategies are facing limitations such as antimicrobial resistance, inadequate biofilm penetration, and disruption of the oral microecological balance. This review synthesizes research progress on Streptococcus mutans phages and their lysins, analyzing phage evolutionary traits, lysin structural modules, and antimicrobial mechanisms in the complex oral environment. Findings demonstrate that phages precisely lyse cariogenic pathogens while degrading biofilm matrices, and phage-encoded lysins synergistically disrupt peptidoglycan networks through catalytic and binding domains-both exhibiting unique advantages in maintaining oral ecological equilibrium. Persistent challenges include limited host spectrum, suboptimal delivery efficiency, and resistance risks. The review proposes targeted solutions encompassing genetic engineering, nanodelivery systems, and multimodal synergistic approaches to establish precision-targeted anti-caries systems with enhanced biosafety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical Mechanism and Clinical Application Advances of "Roller Coaster Effect"in Tooth Extraction Treatment with Clear Aligner Technique MA Haodong, CANG Song 2026, 42(10): 839-844.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.003 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (2339KB) ( 19 )   With the innovation and development of clear aligner therapy, its application in treating complex extraction cases was increased in clinical settings. However, due to the material properties of clear aligners and issues in treatment plan design, the "roller-coaster effect" often occurs during the retraction of anterior teeth and space closure. Thus, reducing the roller-coaster effect when using clear aligners has become a key focus and challenge for clinicians. This paper explores the biomechanical mechanisms of the roller-coaster effect in clear aligner therapy for premolar extraction cases and reviews the progress in its application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of Cytoskeleton on Odontoblast Polarization and Dentinogenesis LIU Haofeng, SUN Yalu, XIE Yuandong, SUN Hongchen, CHANG Bei 2026, 42(10): 845-852.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.004 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (4892KB) ( 19 )   Objective: To elucidate the role of cytoskeleton in odontoblast polarity, differentiation, and dentinogenesis. Methods: Cytoskeleton inhibitors were applied to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Odontogenic differentiation- and polarization-related factors were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blot. Cell polarity indicators, including Golgi apparatus repositioning, were evaluated using scratch assays and immunofluorescence. In parallel, mandibular tooth germ-containing slices from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) mice were cultured ex vivo at the air-liquid interface. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence were used to assess tooth germ morphology and size, odontoblast morphology and arrangement, polarity protein localization, and cytoskeletal organization. Results: Both microfilament and microtubule inhibitors reduced the expression of odontogenic differentiation and polarization-related markers, accompanied by decreased cell migration and polarization. In the slice culture experiments, tooth germs in the inhibitor-treated group exhibited delayed development. Odontoblasts lost their characteristic tall columnar morphology and showed disorganized alignment. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed abnormal cytoskeletal remodeling, altered localization of polarity-related proteins, and a reduced rate of odontoblast polarization. Conclusion: Cytoskeletal remodeling affects odontoblast differentiation and polarization, which is a key regulatory factor in tubular dentin formation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatiotemporal Expression Mode of G9a in Development Process of Pharyngeal Tooth Morphology of Zebrafish ZU Shuai, WU Yunhai, PENG Jia, YANG Fei, LIU Yang, HU Hongmei, LI Wei 2026, 42(10): 853-859.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.005 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (4599KB) ( 14 )   Objective: To explore the spatiotemporal expression pattern of G9a in zebrafish pharyngeal teeth during the key stage from occurrence to early morphogenesis. Methods: Using wild-type AB zebrafish as the model, embryos of 36-84 hpf (after fertilization within hours) were collected. The zebrafish pharyngoden-specific marker gene paired-like homeodomain 2 (pitx2), distal-less homeobox 2b (dlx2b), and the coding region fragment of the G9a gene were cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to prepare digoxin-labeled antisense RNA probes. The dynamic expression of G9a in the pharyngeal tooth development region was systematically detected by whole-embryo in situ hybridization whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) technology, and a co-localization comparison was made with the expression patterns of pitx2 and dlx2b. Results: The target gene fragment was successfully cloned by RT-PCR. The in situ hybridization showed that G9a was widely expressed in the pharyngeal region at 36-48 hpf. At 56-60 hpf, the pharyngeal tooth germ begins to specialization, and pitx2 and dlx2b show strong positive signals in specific areas. At this time, the expression area of G9a highly overlaps with that of pitx2 and dlx2b. During the morphogenetic stage of 72-84 hpf, G9a remains significantly expressed in the continuously developing pharyngodont primordium. Conclusion: This study, for the first time, revealed that G9a has a specific spatiotemporal expression pattern during the critical period of pharyngeal tooth development in zebrafish. Its expression region is highly consistent with the known pharyngeal tooth marker genes, suggesting that G9a may be involved in the morphogenesis process of zebrafish pharyngeal teeth through epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study on Effect of Proximal Space and Matrix Systems on Restorative Quality of Class Ⅱ Cavities ZHANG Zirui, CHEN Min, WANG Li, QIAO Feng, LUO Yanping, YIN Bin, WANG Yuanyuan, WU Ligeng 2026, 42(10): 860-866.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.006 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (1909KB) ( 17 )   Objective: To compare the clinical performance of the Garrison Composi-Tight and Palodent V3 matrix systems in direct composite resin restorations for posterior Class Ⅱ cavities and to quantify the impact of the distance between key points on the proximal cavity surface and the adjacent tooth on the restoration quality. Methods: The study included 70 cases of posterior Class Ⅱ carious cavities treated in the Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics at Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology. The matrix system was selected based on predefined cavity characteristics (Garrison group: n=38; Palodent group: n=32). The distances from five key points on the proximal cavity surface to the adjacent tooth were measured: the center of the gingival wall (A), the buccal/lingual gingival embrasures (B1/B2), and the buccal/lingual cavosurface margins at the occlusal aspect (C1/C2). Radiographs were taken 30 minutes post-restoration. The restoration quality was evaluated using the FDI criteria and modified USPHS criteria, followed by statistical analysis. Results: The Garrison group demonstrated a significantly superior radiographic evaluation score (median=1.000) compared to the Palodent group (median=2.000) (z=-3.354, P=0.001). Conversely, the Palodent group showed a better anatomical form score (median=1.000) than the Garrison group (median=2.000) (z=-2.694, P=0.007). A significant negative correlation was observed between resin flash and the distance at all five measurement points (P<0.05), while a significant positive correlation was found between marginal adaptation and the distance at all five points (P<0.05), with identified cut-off values for both. Restoration microleakage showed a negative correlation with the distance at the gingival wall points (A, B1, B2) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The distance between the proximal cavity surface and the adjacent tooth within the range of 0.69-0.87 mm facilitates the achievement of an ideal restoration outcome. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CBCT Study on Relationship between Roots of Maxillary Second Molars and Maxillary Sinus Floor SONG Xinyu, CUI Bo, WANG Xiuhui, WU Xiaoyu, MENG Xinyu, LIU Rubing, CUI Caiyun 2026, 42(10): 867-871.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.007 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (849KB) ( 21 )   Objective: To analyze the relationship between the roots of the maxillary second molar (MSM) and the maxillary sinus floor using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 660 MSMs from 330 patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 427 three-rooted MSMs were identified. The vertical distances from the mesio-buccal root, disto-buccal root, and palatal root to the maxillary sinus floor were measured in the sagittal and coronal planes. The Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were employed for statistical analysis. Results: For the three-rooted MSMs, the distances from the three roots to the maxillary sinus floor showed statistically significant differences in both the coronal and sagittal planes (P＜0.05). Pairwise comparisons consistently revealed the order: mesio-buccal root < disto-buccal root < palatal root (P＜0.05). Conclusion: In the spatial relationship between three-rooted MSMs and the maxillary sinus floor, the mesio-buccal root is the closest to the maxillary sinus floor, while the palatal root is the farthest. The results would provide anatomical reference for root canal therapy and microscopic apical surgery of MSM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Study on Effect of Transitional Root Canal Treatment for Acute Pulpitis during Pregnancy on Pregnancy Outcomes SU Chaonan, YANG Xianghui 2026, 42(10): 872-876.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.008 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (727KB) ( 13 )   Objective: To evaluate the safety of transitional root canal therapy for acute pulpitis during pregnancy and investigate the perceptions regarding its safety among dental practitioners and pregnant women. Methods: The study was conducted among pregnant women with acute pulpitis between 2021 and 2024. The pain relief and pregnancy outcomes after transitional root canal therapy were recorded by follow-up phone calls. A questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2025 among pregnant women enrolled in Maternal and Child Health Hospitals to evaluate their knowledge of prenatal oral health. Meanwhile, an online survey was administered among general dentists in non-Maternal and Child Health Hospitals regarding their clinical decision-making for transitional root canal therapy in pregnant patients. Results: All 50 cases receiving transitional root canal therapy demonstrated favorable pregnancy outcomes without complications. Complete pain resolution was achieved in 49 cases, with pain relief observed in 1 remaining case. Among 103 surveyed pregnant women, 85.19% expressed concerns about potential fetal impacts from root canal treatment. Of 60 surveyed dentists, 61.67% exhibited hesitation in performing transitional root canal therapy during pregnancy. 35% of dental practitioners refused to perform root canal therapy. Conclusion: No adverse effects of transitional root canal treatment on pregnancy outcomes was found. However, significant safety concerns persist among both general dental practitioners and pregnant populations. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted training programs in pregnancy-related endodontic management for dentists and emphasize the importance of health education about acute pulpitis during gestation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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UBE2T Promotes Proliferation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating AKT Signaling Pathway YANG Sen, WANG Huiyu, ZHANG Jiajia, FANG Taoli, XU Jiang 2026, 42(10): 877-883.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.009 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (6846KB) ( 16 )   Objective: To investigate the expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells, as well as its effects on the biological behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells including proliferation, invasion, and migration, along with the related mechanisms. Methods: The TIMER database and GEPIA database were used to analyze the expression level of UBE2T-mRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Immunohistochemistry was employed to validate UBE2T expression in OSCC tissues. Statistical methods were used to assess the relationship between UBE2T expression and the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of OSCC patients. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were utilized to validate UBE2T expression levels in OSCC cell lines. After transfection with UBE2T interfering mRNA, the effect of UBE2T on the biological behavior of the OSCC cell line CAL-27 through in vitro cell experiments was validated and the expression of the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway after interference was detected. Results: Compared with adjacent and normal tissues, UBE2T expression was significantly elevated in OSCC (P<0.05). The overall survival time in the high UBE2T expression group was markedly shorter than that in the low expression group (P<0.05). The differentiation degree of OSCC showed a negative correlation with UBE2T expression (P<0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, CAL-27 cells transfected with si-UBE2T exhibited significantly lower proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities (P<0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the si-UBE2T group showed significantly reduced levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B protein (P<0.05). Conclusion: UBE2T is highly expressed in OSCC tissues and associated with significantly shorter patient survival. Silencing UBE2T expression reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of OSCC cells, potentially through regulating the phosphorylated AKT signaling pathway to modulate OSCC cell proliferation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Clinical and Imaging Features of Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma of the Jaw WEN Shanhui, XIA Shu, GAO Antian, FENG Yongjing, WANG Tiemei 2026, 42(10): 884-888.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.010 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (3696KB) ( 12 )   Objective: To investigate the clinicoradiological features of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) in the jaw, summarize its imaging characteristics, and improve the differential diagnosis and understanding of this rare disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and CT imaging features of six cases of CCOC confirmed by histopathological examination. Results: The six CCOC patients had a mean age of 59.6 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2∶1, with disease duration ranging from 2 months to 5 years. Lesions predominantly occurred in the posterior jaw. Characteristic imaging findings included bone destruction with jaw expansion (more pronounced in the mandible and milder in the maxilla), locally aggressive margins, and soft tissue mass formation. Mandibular lesions primarily presented as expansive bone destruction, whereas maxillary lesions exhibited moth-eaten or erosive bone destruction. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in three cases, revealing Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region (EWSR1) gene rearrangement in two cases and EWSR1/Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) gene fusion in one case. Conclusion: Mandibular CCOC typically presents as expansive bone destruction with locally aggressive imaging features, requiring differentiation from other locally aggressive lesions. Maxillary CCOC shows erosive bone destruction with soft tissue mass formation, exhibiting imaging signs consistent with low-grade malignancy, and must be distinguished from other malignant tumors of the jaw. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prospective Clinical Study on Treatment of Benign Parotid Gland Tumors with Extracapsular Dissection Combined with Autologous Granular Fat Transplantation XU Liangtu, FANG Xiangyang, LIU Xuan, YE Meiyu, HONG Hui 2026, 42(10): 889-895.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.011 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (2126KB) ( 8 )   Objective: To investigate the efficacy of extracapsular dissection combined with autologous granular fat transplantation in the treatment of benign parotid gland tumors. Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted, and 86 patients with benign parotid tumors who met the indications for extracapsular dissection admitted to our hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided by random number table method. The control group (43 cases) was given extracapsular dissection, while the observation group (43 cases) was combined with autologous granular fat transplantation on the basis of the control group. The surgical conditions, postoperative recovery, and parotid secretion indices at preoperative, postoperative 1 month, postoperative 3 months, and postoperative 6 months were compared between the two groups. The occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was also compared between the two groups. Results: Compared to the control group, the observation group had a longer operation time (P<0.05), and greater intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hospitalization duration between the two groups (P>0.05). At postoperative 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, the parotid secretion indices in both groups were lower than those before surgery within the same group (P<0.05), and were higher at postoperative 3 months and 6 months compared to 1 month postoperatively within the same group (P<0.05), and were higher at postoperative 6 months compared to 3 months postoperatively within the same group (P<0.05). At postoperative 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, the parotid secretion indices in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Regarding intraoperative complications, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of tumor capsule rupture between the two groups (P>0.05). In terms of postoperative complications, the observation group had a higher incidence of facial swelling, pain and itching, and skin bruising [13.95% (6/43), 18.60% (8/43), 13.95% (6/43)] compared to the control group [0.00% (0/43), 2.33% (1/43), 0.00% (0/43)] (P<0.05). The incidence of facial depression was lower in the observation group [2.33% (1/43)] than in the control group [20.93% (9/43)] (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of benign parotid tumors with extracapsular excision combined with autologous fat granule transplantation has minimal damage to parotid secretion function, facilitating postoperative recovery of parotid secretion function and reducing the occurrence of facial depression. However, the procedure is time-consuming, with significant intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage, and a high risk of facial swelling, pain and itching, and skin bruising. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Management of Class Ⅱ Malocclusion by First Molar Extractions and Mini-implant Anchorage: A Case Report SUN Yuhong, LI Kang 2026, 42(10): 896-899.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.012 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (5437KB) ( 28 )   This case report describes the successful orthodontic treatment of a patient with Class Ⅱ malocclusion characterized by crowding and protrusion. The treatment involved the extraction of four first molars. Anchorage was reinforced using a transpalatal arch and mini-implant to facilitate space closure, which resulted in the favorable outcome of mesial advancement of the third molars to replace the extraction spaces of the first molars. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modified Inferior Alveolar Nerve Lateralization with Preservation of Neurosensory Function: A Case Report ZHANG Jie, ZHOU Xianming, JI Qiang, MEN Bei 2026, 42(10): 900-902.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.013 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (5230KB) ( 16 )   Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) mobilization was invented for dental implantation in cases of extreme mandibular vertical deficiency, often carrying significant risks of neurosensory dysfunction. This report describes a patient who got the modified procedure. Both immediate and long-term postoperative assessments confirmed complete preservation of neurosensory function References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intramandibular Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Case Report MA Lijuan, CHANG Hongguang, DAI Yan, SUN Yuhuan, SHI Yao, SONG Yonghai 2026, 42(10): 903-905.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.014 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (2356KB) ( 21 )   Intramandibular pleomorphic adenoma (IPA) is a rare salivary gland tumor in the jawbone, similar to dental lesions in clinical and imaging studies. This article reports a case of pleomorphic adenoma occurring in the mandible with embedded teeth.Through literature review, the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for this condition were explored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clear Aligner Therapy for Skeletal Class Ⅱ Malocclusion in Adolescent: A Case Report ZHANG Xuhan, CAI Ping 2026, 42(10): 906-910.  DOI: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2026.10.015 Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (4117KB) ( 20 )   This case report systematically presents the treatment process of an adolescent patient with skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion using clear aligner therapy. Based on the patient's chief complaint, clinical examination, and radiographic data, the case employed clear aligners without brackets, utilizing a treatment plan that involved the extraction of four premolars combined with class Ⅱ traction. After the treatment, the patient's facial aesthetics, dental alignment, and occlusal relationship were significant improved, effectively leveraging the patient's growth potential and avoiding the need for orthognathic surgery in adulthood due to severe skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics